BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY

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DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY

INTER VEHICLE COMMUNICATION

BY:-Deepak S1BI11IT015

Under the Guidance Of:Smt S.S.VIDYA

Asst.Prof

INTRODUCTION

Vehicular communication systems are a type of network in which vehicles and roadside units are the communicating nodes, providing each other with information, such as safety warnings and traffic information.

F o r w a r d r a d a r

C o m p u t i n g p l a t f o r m

E v e n t d a t a r e c o r d e r ( E D R )

P o s i t i o n i n g s y s t e m

R e a r r a d a r

C o m m u n i c a t i o n f a c i l i t y

D i s p l a y

Over view of smart vehicle

Communicating vehicles can use both infrared and radio waves

Radio waves include VHF, micro, and millimeter waves

Bluetooth operates at 2.4 GHz , and is reliable up to a speed of 80 km/h and range of 80meters.

It can take up to 3 seconds to establish the communication.

Radio Bands

Vehicles Parameter

There are two types of parameters: Static and Dynamic

Static Parameters: The static parameter indicates the size of the vehicle and the

location of its GPS receiver within itself.

Dynamic Parameters: The dynamic parameters are vehicle’s position (Xn,Yn), speed

acceleration, direction and the status of the brakes, steering

wheel, gas paddle, turn signal etc.

Classes of Information

Flow chart of IVC

Vehicle-to-Roadside Communication

Information is also available from roadside sources. Car to roadside communications use the 63 GHz band. This very high frequency provides a very high bandwidth link with roadside beacons.

The vehicle drivers and passengers are thus able to receive traffic information, browse the web while on the move, shop online, and even participate in video-conferences .

Another application that takes advantage of vehicle-to-roadside communication technologies is Electronic Toll Collection (ETC).

Hazard Warning

      Information  sharing between vehicles

Vulnerabilities in IVC

In Transit Traffic Tempering:- Nodes acting as a relay can disrupt

communication of other nodes

Impersonation:- An attacker masquerading an emergency vehicle to

mislead other vehicles

Jamming:- The Jammer deliberately generates interfering

transmissions that prevents communication

Forgery:- Fast contamination of large portions of the vehicular network coverage area with false information

Attacks on IVCAttack 1: Bogus Traffic Information

Traffic jam

ahead

Attack 3: Cheating with Identity, Position or Speed

I was not there!

Attack 2:Disruption of Network Operation

SLOW DOWN

The way is clear

Challenges in IVC

Liability Vs Privacy:- Accountability and liability of the vehicles is required and context specific information such as coordinates, time intervals should be possible to extract but such requirements raise privacy concerns

Real Time Communication:- Driver assistance applications are time sensitive therefore security protocols should impose low processing overhead

Vehicular Network Scale:- With roughly billion vehicles,

the design of a facility that provides cryptographic keys is big challenge

Components of Security Architecture

Event Data Recorder:- The EDR will be responsible for recording the vehicles critical data such as position, time, speed etc. EDR will also record all the received safety messages

Tamper Proof Device:- The TPD will store all the cryptographic materials and perform cryptographic operations like signing and verifying safety messages

Vehicular Public Key Infrastructure:- In VPKI infrastructure Certificate Authorities will issue certified public/private key pairs to vehicles

Authentication:- Vehicles will sign each message with their private key and attach

corresponding certificate. Thus when another vehicle receives the message it verifies key used to sign the message and then it verifies the message.

Privacy:- To conceal vehicles identity , set of anonymous keys that changes frequently can be used. This keys are preloaded into vehicles Tamper Proof Device for long duration

Application of IVC

Information and Warning Functions:-

Dissemination of road information to vehicles distant from the subjected site

Communication based longitudinal control:-

Exploiting the look through capacity to avoid accidents, platooning vehicles etc.

Co-operative Assistant Systems:-

Coordinating vehicles at critical points

Added Value Applications:-

Internet Access, Location based services, Multiplayer games

Future developments

Use of radar, laser, ultrasonic sensors have certain limitations and will not offer communication between large number of vehicles, such as vehicles at a junction, etc. So, GPS and Wi-Fi are the two methods by which any type of communication can be achieved in all types of conditions. Automatically analyzing the traffic signs and signals is also possible by incorporation if cameras onto the vehicles or emission of warning signals directly from the traffic boards which can be read by the receivers in the vehicles

Conclusion

Design of communication protocols in IVC is extremely challenging

Protocols have potential to support many new innovative applications

These technologies can greatly enhance the infotainment, safety, comfort, communication and convenience value of new vehicles.

As vehicles become “smarter”, security and privacy gain importance

ANY QUESTION?

THANK YOU

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