Day 4Changes in the

Church

John CalvinLeader of Protestantism in

Switzerland

Agreed with Luther, but more emphasis on the all-power of God

Predestination- God has predetermined those who

will be saved (the Elect)- And those who will not

(the reprobate)By mid-1500’s, Calvinism most

important form of Protestantism

The Reformation in

England

King Henry VIII wanted a divorce King Henry VIII wanted a divorce from Catherine of Aragonfrom Catherine of Aragon

They had a daughter, but no son.They had a daughter, but no son.

Pope unwilling to annul the marriage, Pope unwilling to annul the marriage, but but England’s archbishop rules the England’s archbishop rules the marriage was “null and void.”marriage was “null and void.”

Henry marries Henry marries Anne BoleynAnne Boleyn – they – they have a girl (have a girl (Later becomes Elizabeth ILater becomes Elizabeth I))

Catherine Catherine of of AragonAragon- - Daughter of Ferdinand & Isabella

- Married to Henry’s brother,Arthur (died)

- 1 daughter: Bloody Mary

- Divorced http://home.hiwaay.net/~crispen/tudor/6wives/katherineofaragonportrait

http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/9194/h8/twomain.html

Anne Anne BoleynBoleyn

- Catherine’s maid

- One daughter: Elizabeth

- Beheaded for treason (adultery)

Jane Jane SeymourSeymour

- Bore Henry a son: Edward VI

- She died 12 days later

http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/search.cgi?author=HOLBEIN%2C+Hans+the+Younger

http://home.hiwaay.net/~crispen/tudor/6wives/anneofclevesportrait

Anne ofAnne ofClevesCleves

- Henry married her on the basis of a portrait

- She was ugly

- Divorced after six months

http://home.hiwaay.net/~crispen/tudor/6wives/katherinehowardportrait.

Katherine Katherine HowardHoward

- Married when she was 19 and he was almost 50

- She fooled around

- Beheaded

http://home.hiwaay.net/~crispen/tudor/6wives/catherineparrportrait

Catherine Catherine ParrParr- - Religious intellectual

- Cared for Henry in his old age

- Reunited him with his three children - Only wife to outlive him

Act of Supremacy 1534

•Declared the King the “only supreme head on earth of the Church of England”

•The King dissolves the monasteries & sells their land

•Edward: 1547 becomes King; Protestants gain power•Edward dies at 16•Henry & Catherine’s daughter Mary comes to power•Tries to restore England to Roman Catholicism •“Bloody Mary”

Anabaptists•Voluntary community of adult

Christian believers•Believed in:–Adult baptism–All believers were equal–Separation of Church and State

•Persecuted by both Catholics & Protestants (seen as Radicals)

• Protestantism had taken Europe by storm

• The situation in the Catholic Church did not look good

• BUT, it became revitalized by 3 chief pillars…

1.Jesuits2.Reform of the Papacy3.Council of Trent

Catholic Reformation

1. Jesuits (Society of Jesus)

•Took a special vow of absolute obedience to the pope

•Used education to spread their message

•Successful in restoring Catholicism

2. Reform of the Papacy – Paul III

•Pope Paul III appointed a Reform Commission to figure out the problems of the Catholic Church

•Corrupt Pope’s were blamed•Approves the Jesuits

3. Council of Trent 1545-1563

•Reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings

•Faith and good works necessary for salvation

•Seven sacraments and clerical celibacy

•Belief in purgatory

•Selling of indulgences forbidden

•Roman Catholic Church reunified

B ap tis t

E p iscop a l

Q u aker

M eth od is t

P u ritan

A n g lican

P resb yte rian

R efo rm ed

C a lvin is t

M en n on ite

Am ish

A nab ap tis t

P ro tes tan t