Chapter 3Chapter 3

Settling the Northern ColoniesSettling the Northern Colonies

CalvinismCalvinism

► John CalvinJohn Calvin► Basis for PuritanismBasis for Puritanism► Predestination determined afterlifePredestination determined afterlife► Protestant (Puritan) EthicProtestant (Puritan) Ethic► Appeared in England after Henry VIII broke Appeared in England after Henry VIII broke

with the Catholic Churchwith the Catholic Church► Puritans believed saints only could obtain Puritans believed saints only could obtain

church membershipchurch membership► Church of England wanted to include allChurch of England wanted to include all

SeparatistsSeparatists

►Decided to break away from Church of Decided to break away from Church of England and settle in New EnglandEngland and settle in New England

►King James I feared separatists King James I feared separatists challengeschallenges

The Mayflower CompactThe Mayflower Compact

►Set precedent for ConstitutionsSet precedent for Constitutions►16201620►Will of the peopleWill of the people►Town meetingsTown meetings

““The Pilgrims”The Pilgrims”

►Set out under a charter from the Set out under a charter from the Virginia Company in 1620Virginia Company in 1620

►Mayflower landed in Massachusetts Mayflower landed in Massachusetts instead of Virginia. Why?instead of Virginia. Why? Violent storms?Violent storms? Error in Navigation?Error in Navigation? On purpose?On purpose? No clear destination?No clear destination?

AnswersAnswers

►Violent stormViolent storm Could have returned on courseCould have returned on course

►Navigational errorNavigational error Latitude measured accurately Latitude measured accurately

►On purposeOn purpose Wanted to be away from Anglican control in Wanted to be away from Anglican control in

VAVA Knew of area (fishing and demise of Indians)Knew of area (fishing and demise of Indians) Only 41 of 102 Pilgrims signed CompactOnly 41 of 102 Pilgrims signed Compact

Plymouth BayPlymouth Bay

►Squanto’s old village of PatuxetSquanto’s old village of Patuxet►Clear fields with planted cropsClear fields with planted crops

Notes from Colonists’ Notes from Colonists’ JournalsJournals

►““Having their guns and hearing nobody, Having their guns and hearing nobody, they entered the houses and found the they entered the houses and found the people were gone. The sailors took people were gone. The sailors took some things but didn’t dare stay…We some things but didn’t dare stay…We had meant to have left some beads and had meant to have left some beads and other things in the houses as a sign of other things in the houses as a sign of peace and to show we meant to trade peace and to show we meant to trade with them. But we didn’t do it because with them. But we didn’t do it because we left in such haste. But as soon as we we left in such haste. But as soon as we can meet with the Indians, we will pay can meet with the Indians, we will pay them well for what we took”them well for what we took”

►““We marched to the place we call We marched to the place we call Cornhill, where we had found the corn Cornhill, where we had found the corn before. At another place we had seen before. At another place we had seen before, we dug and found some more before, we dug and found some more corn, two or three baskets full and a corn, two or three baskets full and a bag of beans…In all we had about ten bag of beans…In all we had about ten bushels, which will be enough for seed. bushels, which will be enough for seed. It was with God’s help that we found It was with God’s help that we found this corn, for how else could we have this corn, for how else could we have done it, without meeting some Indians done it, without meeting some Indians who might trouble us.”who might trouble us.”

►““The next morning, we found a place The next morning, we found a place like a grave. We decided to dig it up. like a grave. We decided to dig it up. We found first a mat, and under that a We found first a mat, and under that a fine bow…We also found bowls, trays, fine bow…We also found bowls, trays, dishes and things like that. We took dishes and things like that. We took several of the prettiest things to carry several of the prettiest things to carry away with us, and covered the body away with us, and covered the body up again”up again”

Truths about the PilgrimsTruths about the Pilgrims

►Grave robbersGrave robbers►Took prisonersTook prisoners►Poisoned IndiansPoisoned Indians

SquantoSquanto

►Taken to England in 1605 as a slave Taken to England in 1605 as a slave ►Stolen by SpanishStolen by Spanish►EscapedEscaped►Returned to Patuxet to find no other Returned to Patuxet to find no other

tribe members alivetribe members alive► Joined and helped the Plymouth colonyJoined and helped the Plymouth colony

The Truth about The Truth about ThanksgivingThanksgiving

►Native Americans provided the feastNative Americans provided the feast► Indians celebrated autumnal harvest Indians celebrated autumnal harvest

celebrations for years priorcelebrations for years prior► Celebrations of Thanksgiving began in 1863Celebrations of Thanksgiving began in 1863►National Holiday by Lincoln during the Civil National Holiday by Lincoln during the Civil

WarWar► 1870s – “pilgrims” first used1870s – “pilgrims” first used► 1890s – “pilgrims” become part of the 1890s – “pilgrims” become part of the

traditiontradition

Mass. Bay ColonyMass. Bay Colony

► moderate Puritans wanted reform of Church of Englandmoderate Puritans wanted reform of Church of England► Charles I dismissed Parliament in 1629 and authorized Charles I dismissed Parliament in 1629 and authorized

persecution of Puritans. persecution of Puritans. ► Puritans received a royal charter to leave to New Puritans received a royal charter to leave to New

England and form the Massachusetts Bay Colony. England and form the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ► In 1630, a thousand Puritans on eleven ships set sail for In 1630, a thousand Puritans on eleven ships set sail for

New England initially. Later the colony rose to twenty New England initially. Later the colony rose to twenty thousand members while fifty thousand others went to thousand members while fifty thousand others went to the West Indies for warmer weather. the West Indies for warmer weather.

► John Winthrop became the governor of the Bay Colony. John Winthrop became the governor of the Bay Colony. ► ““City on a hill”City on a hill”► Plymouth Bay Colony and Maine would merge inPlymouth Bay Colony and Maine would merge in

►Gov. Winthrop feared and distrusted Gov. Winthrop feared and distrusted the common peoplethe common people

►Only Puritans – freemenOnly Puritans – freemen►Everyone paid taxes for the churchEveryone paid taxes for the church►““Separation of Church and State”Separation of Church and State”

Clergymen could not hold political officeClergymen could not hold political office Congregation in charge of personnelCongregation in charge of personnel

Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson

►Antinomianism – if we are predestined Antinomianism – if we are predestined no reason to obey the laws of God or no reason to obey the laws of God or manman

►Went to New York where she was Went to New York where she was killed by Indianskilled by Indians

Roger WilliamsRoger Williams

►Challenged Bay Colony’s CharterChallenged Bay Colony’s Charter►Denied the authority of government to Denied the authority of government to

regulate religious behaviorregulate religious behavior►Banished for “new and dangerous Banished for “new and dangerous

opinions”opinions”

Rhode IslandRhode Island

►““The traditional home of the otherwise The traditional home of the otherwise minded”minded”

►First Baptist ChurchFirst Baptist Church Freedom of religionFreedom of religion Sheltered QuakersSheltered Quakers

►Charter from Parliament in 1644Charter from Parliament in 1644

ConnecticutConnecticut

► Connecticut founded in 1635 with Dutch and Connecticut founded in 1635 with Dutch and English settlers by Rev. Thomas Hooker. English settlers by Rev. Thomas Hooker.

► 1639- Fundamental Orders established by the 1639- Fundamental Orders established by the Connecticut River settlers and was the basis for the Connecticut River settlers and was the basis for the state charter and constitution. state charter and constitution.

► New Haven was another colony of Puritans that New Haven was another colony of Puritans that wanted to have a closer government-church wanted to have a closer government-church alliance. alliance.

► New Haven was not able to get a government New Haven was not able to get a government charter. Merged with CTcharter. Merged with CT

New HampshireNew Hampshire

►New Hampshire also became a fishing New Hampshire also became a fishing and trading center with granite. and trading center with granite.

►The crown decided to separate New The crown decided to separate New Hampshire after Mass Bay greedily Hampshire after Mass Bay greedily absorbed it. absorbed it.

►Established 1623 by John WheelwrightEstablished 1623 by John Wheelwright

New England ConfederationNew England Confederation

► 1643- Four colonial regions banded together for 1643- Four colonial regions banded together for defense to form the defense to form the New England ConfederationNew England Confederation. . (CT, New Haven, Plymouth, and Mass. Bay)(CT, New Haven, Plymouth, and Mass. Bay)

► Each colony received two votes in the Each colony received two votes in the Confederation. Confederation.

► Rhode Island excludedRhode Island excluded► First step to colonial unity (for defense)First step to colonial unity (for defense)► King gave Connecticut and Rhode Island royal King gave Connecticut and Rhode Island royal

charters and revoked Mass. Bay’s charter for charters and revoked Mass. Bay’s charter for insubordination over trade and navigation laws.insubordination over trade and navigation laws.

► Established Dominion of New EnglandEstablished Dominion of New England King James II attempt to have Navigation laws followed.King James II attempt to have Navigation laws followed.

The Middle ColoniesThe Middle Colonies

The NetherlandsThe Netherlands

► Dutch East India CompanyDutch East India Company was part of Dutch was part of Dutch colonial power. colonial power.

► Henry Hudson defied his orders and sailed into the Henry Hudson defied his orders and sailed into the Delaware Bay and New York Bay and into the Delaware Bay and New York Bay and into the Hudson River. Hudson River.

► Dutch bought Manhattan Island and created New Dutch bought Manhattan Island and created New Amsterdam (now New York City). Amsterdam (now New York City).

► Limited lawmaking body established Limited lawmaking body established ► New Amsterdam had many different people with New Amsterdam had many different people with

different backgrounds. different backgrounds.

The Dutch DefeatThe Dutch Defeat

► New Netherland surrounded by New England New Netherland surrounded by New England colonies colonies

► New England people emigrated into New New England people emigrated into New NetherlandNetherland

► Charles II granted a charter his brother Charles II granted a charter his brother (1664), Duke of York, to try to circumvent the (1664), Duke of York, to try to circumvent the Dutch defenses. Dutch defenses.

►Dutch fell bloodlessly and therefore New Dutch fell bloodlessly and therefore New Amsterdam was called New York from now on. Amsterdam was called New York from now on.

► The Dutch still left behind an autocratic spirit The Dutch still left behind an autocratic spirit and an aristocracy and an aristocracy

Duke of YorkDuke of York

Duke of YorkDuke of York Dutch InfluenceDutch Influence► Easter EggsEaster Eggs► Santa ClausSanta Claus► SauerkrautSauerkraut► skatingskating

PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

►William Penn was attracted to Quaker ideals in William Penn was attracted to Quaker ideals in 1660. 1660.

► In 1681, secure a charter for Pennsylvania,In 1681, secure a charter for Pennsylvania,► The best advertised colony. The best advertised colony. ► He had liberal land policy and welcomed many He had liberal land policy and welcomed many ► Squatters became a part of colonySquatters became a part of colony► Land bought from IndiansLand bought from Indians► Philadelphia - “City of Brotherly Love”Philadelphia - “City of Brotherly Love”

Well planned streetsWell planned streets

► The colony was liberal with freedom of The colony was liberal with freedom of religion and capital punishment was only religion and capital punishment was only given for treason and murder. given for treason and murder.

►No immigration restrictions and no provision No immigration restrictions and no provision for an army. for an army.

►Quaker colony of New Jersey started in Quaker colony of New Jersey started in 1664. Large amounts of New Englanders 1664. Large amounts of New Englanders went to this colony. went to this colony.

►Delaware (1638) was Swedish ruled named Delaware (1638) was Swedish ruled named after after Lord De La WarrLord De La Warr. This area was . This area was controlled by Pennsylvania until the Am. controlled by Pennsylvania until the Am. Revolution. Revolution.

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies

► Commonalities Commonalities Soil fertile compared to rocky New England. Soil fertile compared to rocky New England. Many rivers, prominent ones like Many rivers, prominent ones like Susquehanna, Susquehanna,

Delaware, and HudsonDelaware, and Hudson Industry- lumbering/shipbuilding Industry- lumbering/shipbuilding Seaports Seaports Intermediate sized land except in aristocratic NY. Intermediate sized land except in aristocratic NY. Religious toleration and democratic gov’t. Religious toleration and democratic gov’t.

► Colonies realized they were far from Mother Colonies realized they were far from Mother England, not much of a relationship. England, not much of a relationship.