Data Measurement Tools

Data.Data is a set of variables of qualitative or

quantitative variables.Two types of data. Primary Data Secondary

DataPrimary Data. Which data you directly collect by

going to the field. Secondary Data.

Which data that you gather from published resources like articles , theories.

Data measurement The Process of applying numbers to

objectives according to a set of rules .

Four scales of measurement Nominal DataOrdinal DataInterval LevelRatio Level

Nominal DataAssign numbers to objects where numbers

have no real meanings other differentiating between objects or give the name and category for each object.

Example; Gender 1.Male 2.Female

Ordinal DataAssign numbers to objects like nominal but

here the numbers have also meaningful order. It indicates rank or placement like 1,2,3…

Example; Placed finished in a race 1st , 2nd ,3rd …

1st better than 2nd 2nd better 3rd

Interval levelNumbers have order Like ordinal but there

are also equal intervals between adjacent categories.

Example; Temperature in degree Fahrenheit the difference between 70 degree and 71 (1 degree) is the same as the 45 and 46 degrees. 1 degree difference is the same at all point.

Ratio levelDifferences are meaningful like interval

plus ratio are meaningful and there is a true zero point.

Example; amount of money – zero money indicates the absence of money.