The Eukaryotic Chromosome: An Organelle for Packaging and Managing DNA.
Cytoplasm- the fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus Organelle- a specialized structure that...
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Transcript of Cytoplasm- the fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus Organelle- a specialized structure that...
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Cytoplasm- the fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleusOrganelle- a specialized structure that performs important cellular
functions within a eukaryotic cell.Vacuole- the cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts,
proteins, and carbohydrates.Lysosome- the cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and
proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cellCytoskeleton- the network of protein filaments in a eukaryotic cell that
gives the cell its shape and internal organization and is involved in movement.
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Ribosome- a cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesisEndoplasmic reticulum- the internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; the place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled.Golgi apparatus- an organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell.Chloroplast- an organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
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Mitochondrion- a cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to useLipid bilayer- a flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings
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How do we know cells exist?
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Microscopes
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History of the Microscope
1590 –first compound microscope
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History of the Microscope
1655 – Robert Hooke used a compound microscope to observe pores in cork
He called them “cells”
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History of the Microscope
Antoine van Leeuwenhoek
1st to see single-celled organisms in pond water
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Microscope VocabularyMagnification: increase of an object’s apparent size Resolution: power to show details clearlyBoth are needed to see a clear image
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Types of Microscopes1. Compound Light Microscope
1st type of microscope, most widely usedlight passes through 2 lensesCan magnify up to 2000x
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Ocular lens
Objective lenses
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Compound Light Microscope Parts
A
B
C
D
E
F
M
L
K
H
G
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I
A. Eyepiece: Holds ocular lens; lens that you look through; magnified image of objective lens
B. Arm: supports tube & connects it to the base
C. Stage Clip: holds microscope slide in place
D. Coarse adjustment: raises / lowers stage to bring image into focus
E. Fine adjustment: brings image into sharp focus
F. Base: Supports microscope
G. Illuminator: Light source
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Compound Light Microscope Parts
A
B
C
D
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H. Diaphragm: Controls the amount of light that passes through a specimen
I. Stage: platform that holds the slideJ. Microscope slide: holds the specimenK. Objective lenses: magnifies the specimen
Shortest lens has least magnificationLongest lens has greatest magnification
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Types of Microscopes2. Electron Microscope
Used to observe VERY small objects: viruses, DNA, parts of cellsUses beams of electrons rather than lightMuch more powerful
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Types of Microscopes
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Can magnify up to 250,000x
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Types of Microscopes
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Can magnify up to 100,000x
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