Customary International Law - Peace Palace · Theories on Customary International Law Fail",...

Customary International Law

Selective Bibliography for the 70th session of the International Law Commission

Peace Palace Library

Harm Buisman LLM

Reference Information for the 70th session of the International Law Commission 2

Table of Contents

1. Customary International Law (General works) & International Organizations

1.1 Opinio Iuris

1.2 State Practice

1.2.1 Persistent Objector

2. Customary International Law & Territory (Uti Possidetis)

3. Customary International Law & International Criminal Law

4. Customary International Law & Human Rights

5. Customary International Law & Law of the Sea

6. Customary International Law & International Humanitarian Law

7. Customary International Law & Investment Law


1. Customary International Law (General works) & International Organizations

Abello-Galvis, R., "La Costumbre como Fuente del Derecho Internacional: una Caja de Pandora Imposible de Cerrar", in Abello-Galvis, R. and Monroy Cabra, M.G. (eds.), Derecho internacional: varias visiones, un maestro, Bogota, D.C, Editorial Universidad del Rosario, 2015, pp. 3-28.

Abi-Saab, G., "La Coutume dans tous ses États ou le Dilemme du Developpement du Droit International General dans un monde Éclate", in Kohen, M.G. et Langer, M.J. (eds.), ILe developpement du droit international: reflexions d'un demi-siecle, 1 (2013), pp. 81-92.

Ammann, O., "The Court of Justice of the European Union and the Interpretation of International Legal Norms: To Be or Not to Be a "Domestic" Court?", in Besson, S., Levrat, N. et Cebulak, P. (eds.), L' Union europeenne et le droit international = The European Union and International Law, Geneve, Schulthess Editions Romandes, 2015, pp. 153-178.

Bederman, D.J., Custom as a Source of Law, New York, NY, Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Bjorge, E., "The International Court of Justice's Methodology of Law Ascertainment and Comparative Law", in Andenas, M. and Fairgrieve, D. (eds.), Courts and comparative law, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford University Press, 2015, pp. 213-231.

Blutman, L., "Conceptual Confusion and Methodological Deficiencies: Some Ways that Theories on Customary International Law Fail", European journal of international law = Journal europeen de droit international, 25 (2014), No. 2, pp. 529-552.

Bordin, F.L., "Reflections of Customary International Law: the Authority of Codification Conventions and ILC Draft Articles in International Law", The international and comparative law quarterly, 63 (2014), No. 3, pp. 535-567.

Boschiero, N., International Courts and the Development of International Law, Heidelberg, Springer, 2013.

Bourguignon, J., "La Recherche de Preuves Informatiques et l'Exercice Extraterritorial des Competences de l'Etat", in Internet et le droit international, Paris, Editions Pedone, 2014, pp. 357-372.

Braillon, C., "La Theorie Classique de la Coutume et le Role Nouveau de “l’opinio juris": Discours de la justice en Droit International et en Droit Interne", Revue de la Faculte de Droit de l'Universite de Liege, 54 (2009), No. 4, pp. 663-675.

Burlet de, J., "De l'Importance d'un "Droit International Coutumier de la Nationalite"", Revue critique de droit international prive, 67 (1978), No. 2, pp. 305-333.

Byers, M., Custom, Power and the Power of Rules: International Relations and Customary International Law, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999, XXII.


Cannizzaro, E. (eds.), The Present and Future of Jus Cogens, Roma, Sapienza Università Editrice, Gaetano Morelli Lectures series, 2015.

Cannizzaro, E., "The Law of Treaties through the Interplay of Its Different Sources", in Tams, C.J. (et al.)(eds.), Research handbook on the law of treaties, Cheltenham, UK: Northampton, MA, USA, Edward Elgar, 2014, pp. 16-38.

Chan, L., "The Dominance of the International Court of Justice in the Creation of Customary International Law", Southampton student law review, 6 (2016), No. 1, pp. 44-71.

D'Amato, A., The Concept of Custom in International Law, Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1971.

Damm, C., Die Europaische Union im universellen Volkergewohnheitsrecht, Tubingen, Mohr Siebeck, 2016.

D'Aspremont, J., "The Idea of "Rules" in the Sources of International Law", The British yearbook of international law, 84 (2014), pp. 103-130.

Fatlawi, Suhayl Husayn al, Mawsuʿat al-qanun al-duwali al-Islami = Encyclopedia of Islamic

international law, 1435 (2014).

Fry, J.D., "Formation of Customary International Law Through Consensus in International Organizations", Austrian review of international and European law, 17 (2015), pp. 49-82.

Gattini, A., "Le role du juge international et du juge national et la coutume internationale", in Alland, D. (et al.)(eds.), Unite et diversite du droit international: ecrits en l'honneur du professeur Pierre-Marie Dupuy = Unity and diversity of international law: essays in honour of Professor Pierre-Marie Dupuy, Leiden: Boston, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2014, pp. 253-273.

Gokce, Y., "The Restrictive Immunity Doctrine and Employment Claims: Recent Trends in the Face of Competing Interests", Journal of East Asia and international law, 9 (2016), No. 2, pp. 497-516.

Goldsmith, J., & E. Posner, A Theory of Customary International Law, in Simmons, B., International law, Los Angeles: SAGE, 2008, pp. 135-150.

Gradoni, L., "La Commissione del diritto internazionale riflette sulla rilevazione della consuetudine", Rivista di diritto internazionale, 97 (2014), No. 3, pp. 667-698.

Guzman, A.T. and Hsiang, J., "Some Ways that Theories on Customary International Law Fail: a Reply to Laszlo Blutman", European journal of international law = Journal europeen de droit international, 25 (2014), No. 2, pp. 553-559.


Harvey, J., "(R)evolution of State Immunity Following Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v Italy) - Winds of Change or Hot Air?", University of Tasmania law review, 32 (2013), No. 2, pp. 208-247.

Heathcote, S., "Est-ce que l'État de Necessite est un Principe de Droit International Coutumier?", Revue Belge de Droit International = Belgian Review of International Law = Belgisch Tijdschrift voor Internationaal Recht: Publication Semestrielle du Centre de Droit International de l'Institut de Sociologie de l'Universite Libre de Bruxelles et du Centre de Droit International de l'Universite Catholique de Louvain, 40 (2007), No. 1, pp. 53-89.

Ipsen, K., ""New Approaches to International Law"- eine endliche oder unendliche Geschichte?", in Delbruck, J. (et al.)(eds.), Aus Kiel in die Welt: Kiel's contribution to international law: Festschrift zum 100-jahrigen Bestehen des Walther-Schucking-Instituts fur Internationales Recht: essays in honour of the 100th anniversary of the Walther Schucking Institute for International Law, Berlin, Duncker & Humblot, 2014, pp. 69-97.

Kelsen, H. & R.W. Tucker, Principles of International Law, 2nd edition, New York [etc.], Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966.

Kiss, A., "La Contribution de la Conference de Rio de Janeiro au Developpement du Droit International Coutumier", in Nauimi Al-, N. (ed.), International legal issues arising under the United Nations decade of international law, 1995, pp. 1079-1092.

Kolb, R., Peremptory International Law - Jus Cogens: a General Inventory, Oxford, Hart Publishing, Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2015.

Kolb, R., "Reflexions sur le Droit International Coutumier: Des Pratiques et des Opiniones Juris Legitimes Plutot que Simplement Effectives?", in Sur, S. (et al.)(eds.), " Cependant j'ai besoin d'ecrire ...", Lautremont: Liber Amicorum en l'honneur de Serge Sur, Paris, Editions A. Pedone, 2014, pp. 93-108.

Kolb, R., "La Clausula Rebus Sic Stantibus S'applique-t-elle aussi au Droit International Coutumier?", Revue Generale de Droit International Public: Droit des Gens Histoire Diplomatique, Droit Penal, Droit Fiscal, Droit Administratif, 115 (2011), No. 3, pp. 711-718.

Koury, S., "L' Obligation de Non-Reconnaissance de La Communaute Europeenne et de Ses Etats Membres Au Regard de L'accord D'association CE-Maroc: Responsabilite Etatique et Droit International Coutumier", In Chapaux, V. Et Arts, K. (Eds.), Le Droit International Et La Question Du Sahara Occidental, Leiden, International Platform Of Jurists For East Timor (IPJET), 2009, Pp. 165-198.

Kyriakopoulos, G.D., "Formation of International Custom and the Role of Non-State Actors", in Pazartzis, P. (et al.)(eds.), Reconceptualising the rule of law in global governance, resources, investment and trade, Oxford: Portland, Oregon, Hart Publishing, 2016, pp. 43-58.

Lepard, B.D., Customary International Law: A New Theory with Practical Applications, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2010.


Liivoja, R., "Treaties, Custom and Universal Jurisdiction", in Liivoja, R. and Klabbers, J. (eds.), International law-making: essays in honour of Jan Klabbers, London: New York, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2014, pp. 298-312.

Lopez Zamora, L.A., "El Unificador Fragmentado: La fenomenologia de las normas de ius cogens en un contexto de cambio = The Fragmented Unifier, Jus Cogens Phenomenology in a Context of Change", Anuario espanol de derecho internacional, 30 (2014), pp. 203-250.

Mathias, S., "The Works of the International Law Commission on Identification of Customary International Law: A View from the Perspective of the Office of Legal Affairs", Chinese journal of international law, 15 (2016), No. 1, pp. 17-31.

Mejia-Lemos, D.G., "Some Considerations Regarding "Instant "International Customary Law", Fifty Years Later", The Indian journal of international law: a quarterly, 55 (2015), No. 1, pp. 85-108.

Mejia-Lemos, D.G., "On Self-Reflectivity, Performativity, and Conditions for Existence of Sources of Law in International Law", German yearbook of international law = Jahrbuch fur internationales Recht, 57 (2015), pp. 289-320.

Merkouris, P., Interpreting the customary rules on interpretation, [Groningen], [University of Groningen], 2016.

Merkouris, P., Article 31(3)(c) VCLT and the principle of systemic integration: normative shadows in Plato's cave, Leiden : Boston, Brill Nijhoff, 2015.

Milisavljevic, B. and Cuckovic, B., "Identification of Custom in International Law", Annals of the Faculty of Law in Belgrade - Belgrade law review: journal of legal and social sciences = Anali Pravnog Fakulteta u Beogradu: tromesecni casopis za pravne i drustvene nauke, 62 (2014), No. 3, pp. 31-51.

Mohamad, R., "Some Reflections on the International Law Commission Topic "Identification of Customary International Law", Chinese journal of international law, 15 (2016), No. 1, pp. 41-46.

Murphy, S.D., "Identification of Customary International Law and Other Topics: The Sixty-Seventh Session of the International Law Commission", American journal of international law, 109 (2015), No. 4, pp. 822-844.

Nolte, G., "Faktizitat und Subjektivitat im Volkerrecht: Anmerkungen zu Jochen Froweins "Das de facto-Regime im Volkerrecht"im Licht aktueller Entwicklungen", Zeitschrift fur auslandisches offentliches Recht und Volkerrecht (ZaoRV), 75 (2015), No. 4, pp. 715-732.

Peters, C., Praxis Internationaler Organisationen - Vertragswandel und Volkerrechtlicher Ordnungsrahmen, Berlin, Springer, 2016.


Roberts, A., Traditional and Modern Approaches to Customary International Law, in Ku, Ch., & Diehl, P., International Law: Classic and Contemporary Readings, Boulder, CO, Lynne Rienner, 2009, pp. 49-75.

Roberts, A. (et al.), "Comparative International Law: Framing the Field", American journal of international law, 109 (2015), No. 3, pp. 467-474.

Scharf, M. P., Accelerated Formation of Customary International Law, in ILSA Journal of International and Comparative Law, vol. 20, issue. 2, 2014, pp. 305-341.

Scheuner, U., "Internationale Vertrage als Elemente der Bildung von volkerrechtlichem Gewohnheitsrecht", in Flume, W. (et al.)(eds.), Internationales Recht und Wirtschaftsordnung = International law and economic order: Festschrift fur F.A. Mann zum 70. Geburtstag am 11. Aug. 1977, 1977, pp. 409-438.

Stirling-Zanda, S., L' Application Judiciaire du Droit International Coutumier: Etude Comparee de la Pratique Europeenne, Zurich, Schulthess, 2000.

Talmon, S., "Determining Customary International Law: the ICJ's Methodology between Induction, Deduction and Assertion", European journal of international law = Journal europeen de droit international, 26 (2015), No. 2, pp. 417-443.

Tams, C.J., "Meta-Custom and the Court: a Study in Judicial Law-Making", The law and practice of international courts and tribunals: a practitioners' journal, 14 (2015), No. 1, pp. 51-79.

Teboul, G., "Remarques sur le Rang Hierarchique des Conventions Inter-Etatiques et du Droit International Coutumier dans L'ordre Juridique International", Journal du droit international, 137 (2010), No. 3, pp. 705-735.

Thirlway, H., International Customary Law and Codification: An Examination of the Continuing Role of Custom in the Present Period of Codification of International Law, Leiden, Sĳthoff, 1972, XII.

Tzevelekos, V.P., "Juris dicere: Custom as a Matrix, Custom as a Norm, and the Role of Judges and (their) Ideology in Custom Making", in Rajkovic, N.M., Aalberts, T.E. and Gammeltoft-Hansen, T. (eds.), The power of legality: practices of international law and their politics, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, 2016, pp. 188-208.

Verdier, P-H., Voeten, E., Precedent Compliance, and Change in Customary International Law: an Explanatory Theory, in American Journal of International law, vol. 108 issue 3, 2014, pp. 389-434.

Verdross, A., "Das Volkerrechtliche Gewohnheitsrecht", The Japanese annual of international law, 7 (1963), pp. 1-7.


Villani, U., "La rilevazione della consuetudine internazionale: una lezione ancora attuale", in Nesi, G. and Gargiulo, P. (eds.), Luigi Ferrari Bravo: il diritto internazionale come professione, Napoli, Editoriale Scientifica, 2015, pp. 67-83.

Weiss, W., "Die Rechtsquellen des Volkerrechts in der Globaliserung: zu Notwendigkeit und Legitimation neuer Quellenkategorien", Archiv des Volkerrechts, 53 (2015), No. 2, pp. 220-251.

De Wet, E. and Kalla, C., "Europas (begrenzte) Offenheit in der Welt: die staatliche Souveranitat als Ausgangspunkt der Integration", in Franzius, C., Mayer, F.C. and Neyer, J. (eds.), Grenzen der europaischen Integration: Herausforderungen fur Recht und Politik, Baden-Baden, Nomos, 2014, pp. 343-356.

Weatherall, T., Jus Cogens: International Law and Social Contract, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2015.

Wolfke, K., Custom in Present International Law, Dordrecht, Nijhoff, 1993.

Wood, M., "The Present Position within the ILC on the Topic "Identification of Customary International Law": In Partial Response to Sienho Yee, Report on the ILC Project on "Identification of Customary International Law"", Chinese journal of international law, 15 (2016), No. 1, pp. 3-15.

Wood, M., "Do International Organizations enjoy Immunity under Customary International Law?", International organizations law review, 10 (2013), No. 2, pp. 287-318.

Worster, W.T., "The Inductive and Deductive Methods in Customary International Law Analysis: Traditional and Modern Approaches", Georgetown journal of international law, 45 (2014), No. 2, pp. 445-521.

Yee, S., "A Reply to Sir Michael Wood's Response to AALCOIEG's Work and My Report on the ILC Project on Identification of Customary International Law", Chinese journal of international law, 15 (2016), No. 1, pp. 33-40.

Yee, S., "L' Article 38 du Statut de la Cour Internationale de Justice et le Regime de Droit Applicable: Questions Choisies et Affaires Recentes", Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 7 (2016), No. 2, pp. 499-529.


1.1. Opinio Iuris

Bin Cheng, ""Opinio juris": a Key Concept in International Law that is Much Misunderstood", in Yee, S., Wang Tieya and Li Haopei (eds.), International law in the post-Cold War world: essays in memory of Li Haopei, 2001, pp. 56-76.

Braillon, C., "La theorie classique de la coutume et le role nouveau de l"opinio juris": discours de la justice en droit international et en droit interne", Revue de la Faculte de Droit de l'Universite de Liege, 54 (2009), No. 4, pp. 663-675.

Cheng, B., "Hazards in International Law sharing Legal Terms and Concepts with Municipal Law without suffciently Taking into Account the Differences in Structure between the Two Systems - Prime Examples: Custom and Opinio juris", in Arangio-Ruiz, G. (ed.), I Studi di diritto internazionale in onore di Gaetano Arangio-Ruiz, 1 (2004), pp. 469-494.

Crawford, J.R., The identification and development of customary international law: keynote speech, [London], [International Law Association], 2014.

Dahlman, C., "The Function of "Opinio juris" in Customary International Law", Nordic journal of international law = Acta scandinavica juris gentium, 81 (2012), No. 3, pp. 327-339.

Frulli, M., "The Contribution of International Criminal Tribunals to the Development of International Law: the Prominence of opinio juris and the Moralization of Customary Law", The law and practice of international courts and tribunals: a practitioners' journal, 14 (2015), No. 1, pp. 80-93.

Goldsmith, J.L. and Posner, E.A., "A theory of customary international law", The University of Chicago law review, 66 (1999), No. 4, pp. 1113-1177.

Helmersen, S.T., "Evolutive Treaty Interpretation: Legality, Semantics and Distinctions", European journal of legal studies, 6 (2013), No. 1, pp. 127-148.

Hoffmann, T., Dr. Opinio Juris and Mr. State Practice: the strange case of customary international humanitarian law, [Budapest, Sigill. Facultat. Iuridicæ in Regia Univers. Buden], 2006.

Huesa Vinaixa, R., "Le Role de l'Opinio juris", in Huesa Vinaixa, R. (ed.), L' Influence des Sources sur L'unite et la Fragmentation du Droit International: Travaux du Seminaire tenu A Palma, les 20-21 mai 2005, Bruxelles, Bruylant, 2006, pp. 55-73.

Huesa Vinaixa, R., El Nuevo Alcance de la "Opinio Iuris" en el Derecho Internacional Contemporaneo, Valencia, Tirant lo Blanch, 1991.

Kolb, R., "Reflexions sur le droit international coutumier: Des pratiques et des opiniones juris legitimes plutot que simplement effectives?", in Sur, S. (et al.)(eds.), " Cependant j'ai besoin d'ecrire ...", Lautremont: liber amicorum en l'honneur de Serge Sur, Paris, Editions A. Pedone, 2014, pp. 93-108.


Lepard, B.D., Customary international law: a new theory with practical applications, New York, NY [etc.], Cambridge University Press, 2010.

May, L., "Custom, Opinio juris and Consent", in May, L. and Brown, J. (eds.), Philosophy of law: classic and contemporary readings, Chichester [etc.], Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, pp. 54-69.

Mejia-Lemos, D.G., "Some considerations Regarding "Instant "International Customary Law", Fifty Years Later", The Indian journal of international law: a quarterly, 55 (2015), No. 1, pp. 85-108.

Merkouris, P., Interpreting the customary rules on interpretation, [Groningen], [University of Groningen], 2016.

Millán Moro, L., La "Opinio Iuris" en el Derecho Internacional Contemporaneo, Madrid, Editorial Centro de Estudios Ramon Areces, 1991.

O'Connell, M.E., "Taking Opinio juris seriously, a Classical Approach to International Law on the Use of Force", in Cannizzaro, E. and Palchetti, P. (eds.), Customary international law on the use of force: a methodological approach, Leiden [etc.], Nijhoff, 2005, pp. 9-30.

Pietrobon, A., "Dalla Comity All'opinio Iuris: Note Sull'elemento Psicologico Nella Formazione della Consuetudine", In Arangio-Ruiz, G. (Ed.), Studi Di Diritto Internazionale In Onore Di Gaetano Arangio-Ruiz, 1 (2004), Pp. 355-374.

Schachter, O., "New custom: power, "opinio juris" and contrary practice", in Makarczyk, J. and Skubiszewski, K. (eds.), Theory of international law at the threshold of the 21st century: essays in honour of Krzysztof Skubiszewski, 1996, pp. 531-540.

Schreiber, R.E., "Ascertaining Opinio Juris of States concerning norms involving the prevention of international terrorism: a focus on the U.N. process", Boston University international law journal, 16 (1998), No. 1, pp. 309-330.

Taki, H., Opinio Juris and the Formation of Customary International Law: a Theoretical

Analysis, in German Yearbook of International Law, vol. 51, 2008, pp. 447-466.

Taki, H., "Die Entstehung des Gewohnheitsrecht and die opinio juris: von Puchtas Lehre zu Genys Lehre", in Yamuchi, K. and Menkhaus, H. (eds.), Japanischer Bruckenbauer zum deutschen Rechtskreis: Festschrift fur Koresuke Yamauchi zum 60. Geburtstag, Berlin, Duncker & Humblot, 2006, pp. 311-321.

Trindade, A.C., "Some Thoughts on Contemporary International Law Making and Customary International Law", in Perez de Cuellar, J., Ruda, J. and Cocca, A. (eds.), Desarrollo progresivo del derecho internacional: aportaciones de organizaciones, tribunales y parlamentos internacionales, Buenos Aires, Consejo de Estudios Internacionales Avanzados, 1991, pp. 219-230.


Tzevelekos, V.P., "Juris dicere: Custom as a Matrix, Custom as a Norm, and the Role of Judges and (their) Ideology in Custom Making", in Rajkovic, N.M., Aalberts, T.E. and Gammeltoft-Hansen, T. (eds.), The power of legality: practices of international law and their politics, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, 2016, pp. 188-208.

Watts, S. (ed.), "The Decline of International Humanitarian Law Opinio Juris and the Law of Cyber Warfare", Texas international law journal, 50 (2015), No. 2-3, pp. 189-231.

Worster, W.T., "The Inductive and Deductive Methods in Customary International Law Analysis: Traditional and Modern Approaches", Georgetown journal of international law, 45 (2014), No. 2, pp. 445-521.


1.2. State Practice (General)

Arp, B., "Denunciation Followed by Re-Accession with Reservations to a Treaty: a Critical Appraisal of Contemporary State Practice", Netherlands international law review, 61 (2014), No. 2, pp. 141-165.

Besson, S., "State Consent and Disagreement in International Law-Making: Dissolving the

Paradox", Leiden journal of international law, 29 (2016), No. 2, pp. 289-316.

Buga, I., "A Critical Look at the Law of Treaties: Giving Recognition to Informal Means of Treaty Adaptation", in Ryngaert, C. (et al.)(eds.), What's wrong with international law?: liber amicorum A.H.A. Soons, Leiden : Boston, Brill Nijhoff, 2015, pp. 232-246.

Electronic Publications, Journal of Islamic State Practices in International Law, 2005- present.

Forteau, M., "Comparative International Law within, Not Against, International Law: Lessons from the International Law Commission", American journal of international law, 109 (2015), No. 3, pp. 498-513.

Gaebler, R.F. & A.A. Shea, Sources of State Practice in International Law, Second Revised Edition, Leiden : Boston, Brill Nijhoff, 2014.

Gillich, I., "The Normativity of Principles Within the Positivist Theory of International Law", North Carolina journal of international law and commercial regulation, 41 (2015), No. 1, pp. 1-30.

Klabbers, J.A.M., Treaty Conflict and the European Union, Cambridge [etc.], Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Mallinder, L., "Exploring the Practice of States in Introducing Amnesties", in Ambos, K. (ed.), and Building a future on peace and justice: studies on transitional justice, peace and development: The Nuremberg Declaration on peace and justice, Berlin [etc.], Springer, 2009, pp. 127-171.

Pezzoti, R.E., ""Los Actos Unilaterales de los Estados: Un Analisis a La Luz de la Practica Estata Y de la Labor de la Comision De Derecho Internacional" (Tecnos, Madrid 2010, 211 Ps.) De Maria Isabel Torres Cazorla", In Gutierrez Posse, H. (Ed.), Derecho Internacional Publico, Buenos Aires, Abeledo Perrot, 2013, Pp. 521-528.

Weisburd, A.M., "The International Court of Justice and the Concept of State Practice", University of Pennsylvania journal of international law, 31 (2009), No. 2, pp. 295-372.

Verdier, P. and Versteeg, M., "International Law in National Legal Systems: an Empirical Investigation", American journal of international law, 109 (2015), No. 3, pp. 514-533.

Vidmar, J., "The Concept of the State and its Right of Existence", Cambridge journal of international and comparative law, 4 (2015), No. 3, pp. 547-565.


1.2.1 Persistent Objector

Dumberry, P., "The Last Citadel!: Can a State Claim the Status of Persistent Objector to Prevent the Application of a Rule of Customary International Law in Investor-State Arbitration?", Leiden Journal of International Law, 23 (2010), No. 2, pp. 379-400.

Dumberry, P., "Incoherent and Ineffective: the Concept of Persistent Objector Revisited", The international and comparative law quarterly, 59 (2010), No. 3, pp. 779-802.

Green, J.A., The Persistent Objector Rule in International Law, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford University Press, 2016.

Green, J.A., "Persistent Objector Teflon?: Customary International Human Rights Law and the United States in International Adjudicative Proceedings", in Green, J.A., Waters, C.P. and Ghandhi, S. (eds.), Adjudicating international human rights: essays in honour of Sandy Ghandhi, Leiden : Boston, Brill Nijhoff, 2015, pp. 167-191.

Lau, H., "Rethinking the Persistent Objector Doctrine in International Human Rights Law", Chicago journal of international law, 6 (2005), No. 1, pp. 495-510.

McClane, J.B., "How Late in the Emergence of a Norm of Customary International Law May a Persistent Objector Object?", ILSA journal of international law, 13 (1990), pp. 1-26.

Quince, C., The Persistent Objector and Customary International Law, Denver, CO, Outskirts Press, 2010.

Stein, T.L., "The Approach of the Different Drummer: The Principle of the Persistent Objector in International Law", Harvard International Law Journal, 26 (1985), pp. 457-482.


2. Customary International Law & Territory (Uti Possidetis)

Abi-Saab, G., "Comments on ICJ Judgment (Burkina Faso", African yearbook of international law, 20 (2015), pp. 121-128.

Ahmed, D.M., Boundaries and Secession in Africa and International Law: Challenging Uti Possidetis, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, 2015.

Allen, S. and Guntrip, E., "The Kosovo Question and "Uti possidetis": the Potential for a Negotiated Settlement", in Summers, J. (ed.), Kosovo: a precedent?: the declaration of independence, the advisory opinion and implications for statehood, self-determination and minority rights, Leiden [etc.], Nijhoff, 2011, pp. 303-342.

Bachler, S.D., La Doctrina Latinoamericana del Uti Possidetis, Concepcion, Universidad de Concepcion, 1978.

Beaudouin, A., “Uti Possidetis" et Secession, Paris, Dalloz, 2011.

Bedjaoui, M., "La contribution en demi-teinte de l'Afrique au developpement du droit international", German yearbook of international law = Jahrbuch fur internationales Recht, 47 (2005), pp. 63-84.

Blumenwitz, D., "Uti possedetis iuris, uti possedetis de facto: die Grenze im modernen Volkerrecht", in Dreier, H. (ed.), Raum und Recht: Festschrift 600 Jahre Wurzburger Juristenfakultat, Berlin, Duncker & Humblot, 2002, pp. 377-389.

Brownlie, I., Boundary Problems and the Formation of New States, The Hague [etc.] : Kluwer

Law International, 2000, pp. 45-53.

Brunner, M., ""Drawing Lines upon Maps": ein volkerrechtlicher Beitrag zur Bedeutung von Staatsgrenzen in Afrika", in Kettemann, M.C. (ed.), Grenzen im Volkerrecht: mit Beitragen des 6. Workshops des Arbeitskreises junger Volkerrechtswissenschaftlerinnen und -wissenschaftler (AjV), 20.-21. Oktober 2012, Graz (Osterreich), Wien, Jan Sramek Verlag, 2013, pp. 21-40.

Cot, J., "Le Droit Colonial Francais et la Cour internationale de Justice", in Kamga, M. et Ranjeva, R. (eds.), L' Afrique et le droit international: variations sur l'organisation internationale: Liber Amicorum Raymond Ranjeva = Africa and international law: reflections on the international organization, Paris, Pedone, 2013, pp. 101-110.

Couvreur, P., "Notes sur le "droit" Colonial Francais dans la Mise En Œuvre du Principe de l' "Uti Possidetis Juris" par la Cour Internationale De Justice", in Kamga, M. et Ranjeva, R. (eds.), L' Afrique et le droit international: variations sur l'organisation internationale: Liber Amicorum Raymond Ranjeva = Africa and international law: reflections on the international organization, Paris, Pedone, 2013, pp. 111-124.


Degan, V., "Uti possidetis i crta sredine u kopnenim i morskim razgranicenjima: presuda Medunarodnoga suda u Haagu Kamerun/Nigeria iz 2002", Uporedno pomorsko pravo = Comparative maritime law, 42 (2003), No. 157, pp. 1-33.

Dugard, J., "The Secession of States and their Recognition in the Wake of Kosovo", in, I Recueil des cours = Collected courses of The Hague Academy of International Law, 357 (2013), pp. 9-222.

Farley, B.R., "Calling a State a State: Somaliland and International Recognition", Emory international law review, 24 (2010), No. 2, pp. 777-820.

Farrell, M., "Manufacturing Territorial Integrity with the International Court of Justice: The Somaliland-Puntland Dispute and Uti Possidetis (Note)", Washington University global studies law review, 11 (2012), No. 4, pp. 817-844.

Guliyev, K., "Quelques reflexions sur un possible reglement du differend maritime frontalier entre l'Azerbaidjan et le Turkmenistan en mer Caspienne", Hague yearbook of international law = Annuaire de La Haye de droit international, 27 (2016), pp. 57-92.

Guliyeva, G., "Kosovo's Independence: Re-examining the Principles established by the EC Badinter Commission in Light of the ICJ's Advisory Opinion", in Summers, J. (ed.), Kosovo: a precedent?: the declaration of independence, the advisory opinion and implications for statehood, self-determination and minority rights, Leiden [etc.], Nijhoff, 2011, pp. 279-302.

Kohen, M.G., "L' uti possidetis iuris et les espaces maritimes", in Cot, J. (ed.), Le proces international: liber amicorum Jean-Pierre Cot, Bruxelles, Bruylant, 2009, pp. 155-170.

Lalonde, S., "The Role of the "Uti Possidetis" Principle in the Resolution of Maritime Boundary Disputes", in Chinkin, C., Baetens, F. and Crawford, J. (eds.), Sovereignty, statehood and state responsibility: essays in honour of James Crawford, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2015, pp. 248-272.

Lalonde, S., Determining Boundaries in a Conflicted World: The Role of Uti Possidetis, Montreal [etc.], McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002.

Lopez Martin, A.G., "La labor de la Corte Internacional de Justicia en el arreglo de las controversias territoriales: una aproximacion a los criterios de solucion aplicados en su jurisprudencia", in Torres Bernardez, S. and Sanchez Rodriguez, L.I. (eds.), El derecho internacional en el mundo multipolar del siglo XXI: obra homenaje al profesor Luis Ignacio Sanchez Rodriguez, Madrid, Iprolex, 2013, pp. 513-533.

Moscoso de la Cuba, P., "El Uti Possidetis en la Sentencia de la Corte Internacional de Justicia sobre el asunto del Diferendo Fronterizo entre Burkina Faso y Mali (1986)", Agenda Internacional, 14 (2007), No. 25, pp. 283-298.

Palestini, L., "The Territorial and Maritime dispute (Nicaragua v. Columbia): On Territorial Sovereignty and the International Court of Justice's "Failure to Rule" on the Geographical


Scope of the Archipelago of San Andres", The law and practice of international courts and tribunals: a practitioners' journal, 15 (2016), No. 1, pp. 56-80.

Radan, P., The Break-up of Yugoslavia and International Law, London [etc.], Routledge, 2002.

Ranjeva, R., "Nouveaux aspects du droit des frontieres en Afrique a la lumiere de la jurisprudence de la Cour International de Justice", in Boisson de Chazournes, L., Gowlland-Debbas, V. and Abi-Saab, G. (eds.), The international legal system in quest of equity and universality = L'ordre juridique international, un systeme en quete d'equite et d'universalite: liber amicorum Georges Abi-Saab, 2001, pp. 603-607.

Ratner, S.R., "Drawing a better line: "uti possidetis" and the borders of new states", in Beck, R.J. (ed.), International law and the rise of nations: the state system and the challenge of ethnic groups, 2002, pp. 250-283.

Rossi, C.R., "Russian Arctic Straits and the Temptation of "Uti Possidetis"", Transnational law & contemporary problems, 24 (2014), No. 1, pp. 19-68.

Sanchez Rodriguez, L.I., "L' uti posseditis: application a la delimitation maritime", in Lucchini, L. (ed.), Le processus de delimitation maritime: etude d'un cas fictif: Colloque international, Monaco, 27-29 mars 2003, Paris, Pedone, 2004, pp. 303-315.

Sanchez Rodriguez, L.I., "L' uti possidetis et les effectivites dans les contentieux territoriaux et frontaliers", in, I Recueil des cours = Collected courses of The Hague Academy of International Law, 263 (1997), pp. 149-382.

Shaw, M.N., "The Heritage of States: The Principle of Uti Possidetis Juris today", The British year book of international law, 67 (1997), pp. 75-154.

Shaw, M.N., "Self-Determination, Uti Possidetis and Boundary Disputes in Africa", in Cheng, C. (ed.), A new international legal order: in commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the Xiamen Academy of International Law, Leiden: Boston, Brill, 2016, pp. 99-126.

Spadi, F., "The International Court of Justice Judgment in the Benin-Niger Border Dispute: the Interplay of Titles and "Effectivites" under the Uti Possidetis Juris Principle", Leiden journal of international law, 18 (2005), No. 4, pp. 777-794.

Torres Bernardez, S., "The " Uti Possidetis Juris Principle" in historical perspective", in Ginther, K. and Zemanek, K. (eds.), Volkerrecht zwischen normativem Anspruch und politischer Realitat: Festschrift fur Karl Zemanek zum 65. Geburtstag, 1994, pp. 417-437.

Udombana, N.J., "The ghost of Berlin still haunts Africa!: the ICJ judgment on the land and maritime boundary dispute between Cameroon and Nigeria", African yearbook of international law, (2004), pp. 10, p. [13]-61.

Willard, E.R., "How to Get Less than You Bargain for: Adjudicating the Guatemala-Belize Territorial Dispute at the I. C. J.", Emory international law review, 23 (2009), No. 2, pp. 739-782.


3. Customary International Law & International Criminal Law

Abu El Heija, M., La Competence Universelle: un Mecanisme pour Lutter contre l'Impunite?: Un Principe bien fonde dans le Droit International Coutumier ainsi que dans le Droit International Conventionnel, Sarrebruck, Editions Universitaires Europeennes, 2011.

Ansermet, L.,"Manifest Illegality and the ICC Superior Orders Defense: Schuldtheorie Mistake of Law Doctrine as an Article 33 (1)(c) Panacea", Vanderbilt journal of transnational law, 47 (2014), No. 5, pp. 1425-1463.

Arajärvi, N., The Changing Nature of Customary International Law: Methods of Interpreting the Concept of Custom in International Criminal Tribunals, London; New York, Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 2014.

Babcock, P.T., "Impunity Rises from the Ashes: The Extent of the Rome Statute's Jurisdiction in the Event of State Succession", Indiana international & comparative law review = La revue de droit international et compare d'Indiana University, 25 (2015), No. 3, pp. 461-492.

Bassiouni, M.C., "Victim's Rights and Participation in ICC Proceedings and in Emerging Customary International Law", in Steinberg, R.H. (ed.), Contemporary issues facing the International Criminal Court, Leiden, Brill Nijhoff, 2016, pp. 233-241.

Bufalini, A., "The Principle of Legality and the Role of Customary International Law in the Interpretation of the ICC Statute", The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals: a Practitioners' Journal, 14 (2015), No. 2, pp. 233-254.

Cohen, R., "Regulating Hate Speech: Nothing Customary about It", Chicago journal of international law, 15 (2014), No. 1, pp. 229-255.

Czaplinski, W., "Customary International Law as a Basis of an Individual Criminal Responsibility", in Krzan, B. (ed.), Prosecuting international crimes: a multidisciplinary approach, Leiden: Boston, Brill Nijhoff, 2016, pp. 53-69.

Debarre, A.S., "Rehabilitation & Reintegration of Juvenile War Criminals: a De Facto Ban on Their Criminal Prosecution?", Denver journal of international law and policy, 44 (2015), No. 1, pp. 1-20.

Eby, C.P., "Aid Specifically Directed to Facilitate War Crimes: The ICTT's Anomalous Actus Reus Standard for Aiding and Abetting", Chicago journal of international law, 15 (2014), No. 1, pp. 256-286.

Eden, P.,"The Role of the Rome Statute in the Criminalization of Apartheid", Journal of international criminal justice, 12 (2014), No. 2, pp. 171-191.

Eden, P., "The Practices of Apartheid as a War Crime: a Critical Analysis", Yearbook of international humanitarian law, 16 (2015), pp. 89-117.


Fałkowska, M., "La coutume dans les statuts et la jurisprudence des juridictions penales internationales: vers l'emergence d'une nouvelle definition de la coutume internationale?", in Arcari, M. et Balmond, L. (eds.), Diversification des acteurs et dynamique normative en droit international = Diversity of actors and dynamics of international law-making, Napoli, Editoriale Scientifica, 2013, pp. 159-194.

Forstein, C., "Challenging Extradition: The Doctrine of Specialty in Customary International Law", Columbia journal of transnational law, 53 (2015), No. 2, pp. 363-395.

Freeland, S.R., Addressing the intentional destruction of the environment during warfare under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Cambridge: Antwerp : Portland, Intersentia, 2015.

Frulli, M., "The Contribution of International Criminal Tribunals to the Development of International Law: the Prominence of opinio juris and the Moralization of Customary Law", The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals: a Practitioners' Journal, 14 (2015), No. 1, pp. 80-93.

Frulli, M., "On the Consequence of a Customary Rule Granting Funtional Immunity to State Officials and Its Exceptions: Back to Square One", Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law, 26 (2016), No. 3, pp. 479-502.

Gaeta, P., "The Defence of Superior Orders: the Statute of the International Criminal Court versus Customary International Law", in Cassese, A. (et al.)(eds.), International criminal law, 2 (2015), pp. 573-594.

Gaeta, P., "Head of State Immunity as a Bar to Arrest", in Steinberg, R.H. (ed.), Contemporary issues facing the International Criminal Court, Leiden, Brill Nijhoff, 2016, pp. 84-98.

Gal-Or, N., "The Formation of a Customary International Crime: Global Terrorism Human (In)Security", International criminal law review, 15 (2015), No. 4, pp. 665-699.

Hamuli Kabumba, Y., "Faire face au silence des textes da la Cour Penale Internationale concernant les elements contextuels des crimes contre l'humanite: avec quelles sources?", Revue belge de droit international = Belgian review of international law = Belgisch tijdschrift voor internationaal recht: publication semestrielle du Centre de Droit International de l'Institut de Sociologie de l'Universite Libre de Bruxelles et du Centre de Droit International de l'Universite Catholique de Louvain, 49 (2016), No. 1, pp. 293-322.

Hauck, P., "Transnational Organised Crime and International Criminal Law", in Hauck, P. and Peterke, S. (eds.), International law and transnational organized crime, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2016, pp. 448-469.

Jacobs, D., "The mythical unities of International Criminal Law: some thoughts on Perisic, Taylor and Sainovic", QIL: Questions of international law: QDI: Questions de droit international = Questioni di diritto internazionale, (2014), pp. 23-39.


Jacobs, D.,"International Criminal Law", in Kammerhofer, J. and Aspremont d', J. (eds.), International legal positivism in a post-modern world, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2014, pp. 451-474.

Jia, B.B.,"The Crime of Aggression as Custom and the Mechanisms for Determining Acts of Aggression", American journal of international law, 109 (2015), No. 3, pp. 569-582.

Jørgensen, N.H.,"State Responsibility for Aiding or Assisting International Crimes in the Context of the Arms Trade Treaty", American journal of international law, 108 (2014), No. 4, pp. 722-749.

Jurdi, N.N., "The Crime of Terrorism in Lebanese and International Law", in Alamuddin, A., Jurdi, N.N. and Tolbert, D. (eds.), The Special Tribunal for Lebanon: law and practice, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2014, pp. 73-87.

Kennedy, I., "The Proposed Convention on Crimes against Humanity and aut dedere aut judicare", in Bergsmo, M. and Song Tianying (eds.), On the Proposed Crimes Against Humanity Convention, Brussels, Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher, 2014, pp. 329-344.

Kuhli, M., Das Volkerstrafgesetzbuch und das Verbot der Strafbegrundung durch Gewohnheitsrecht: zur Frage der Zulassigkeit von strafgesetzlichen Verweisungen auf Volkergewohnheitsrecht im Hinblick auf das Verbot der Strafbegrundung durch Gewohnheitsrecht nach Artikel 103 Absatz 2 des Grundgesetzes, Berlin, Duncker & Humblot, 2010.

Mack, E.C.W., "Does Customary International Law Obligate States to Extradite or Prosecute Individuals Accused of Committing Crimes Against Humanity?", Minnesota journal of international law: a journal dedicated to the study of international law and policy, 24 (2015), No. 1, pp. 73-100.

Makoto, S., "Expanding the Scope of Universal Jurisdiction through Municipal Law: from Piracy to the Crime of Agression via the Eichmann Trial", in Bergsmo, M. (et al.)(eds.), Historical origins of international criminal law, 4 (2015), pp. 339-366.

Massi Lombat, P.D., "Les sources et fondements de l'obligation de cooperer avec la cour penale internationale", Revue quebecoise de droit international, 27 (2014), No. 1, pp. 115-143.

Nmaju, M.C., "Relevance of the law of international organisations in resolving international disputes: A review of the AU/ICC impasse", African journal on conflict resolution, 14 (2014), No. 1, pp. 155-185.

Pedretti, R., Immunity of Heads of State and State Officials for International Crimes, Leiden, Boston, Brill Nijhoff, 2015.


Plesch, D. and Sattler, S., "New Paradigm of Customary International Criminal Law: The UN War Crimes Commission of 1943–1948 and its Associated Courts and Tribunals", Criminal law forum: an international journal: the official journal of the Society for the Reform of Criminal Law, 25 (2014), No. 1-2, pp. 17-43.

Portilla Jaimes, J.C., Amnesty: evolving 21st century constraints under international law, [Medford, MA, Fletscher School of Law and Diplomacy], 2014.

Robinson, D., "The Draft Convention on Crimes Against Humanity: what to do with the Definition?", in Bergsmo, M. and Song Tianying (eds.), On the Proposed Crimes Against Humanity Convention, Brussels, Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher, 2014, pp. 103-133.

Sayapin, S., The crime of aggression in international criminal law: historical development, comparative analysis and present state, The Hague, T.M.C. Asser Press, 2014.

Schack, M. and Kjeldgaard-Pedersen, A., "Striking the Balance between Custom and Justice: Creative Legal Reasoning by International Criminal Courts", International criminal law review, 16 (2016), No. 5, pp. 913-934.

Sekulow, J.A. and Ash, R.W., "An Unlawful Overreach: Trying Nationals of Non-Consenting, Non-Party States before the International Criminal Court", Florida journal of international law, 26 (2013), No. 1, pp. 1-24.

Stewart, J.G., "Ten Reasons for Adopting a Universal Concept of Participation in Atrocity", in Sliedregt van, E. and Vasiliev, S. (eds.), Pluralism in international criminal law, Oxford: New York, Oxford University Press, 2014, pp. 320-341.

Stuckenberg, C., "Cumulative Charges and Cumulative Convictions", in Stahn, C. (ed.), The law and practice of the International Criminal Court, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2015, pp. 840-858.

Tladi, D., "The Immunity Provision in the AU Amendment Protocol: Separating the (Doctrinal) Wheat from the (Normative) Chaff", Journal of international criminal justice, 13 (2015), No. 1, pp. 3-17.

Tladi, D., "Progressive Development and Codification of International Law: the Work of the International Law Commission During Its Sixty-Sixth Session", South African yearbook of international law = Suid-Afrikaanse jaarboek vir volkereg, 38 (2013), pp. 124-143.

Wong, M.S., "Individual Criminal Responsibility for Violations of Jus ad Bellum under Customary International Law: from Nuremberg to Kampala", in Bergsmo, M. (et al.)(eds.), Historical origins of international criminal law, 3 (2015), pp. 587-628.


4. Customary International Law & Human Rights

Arai-Takahashi, Y., "Fair Trial Guarantees in Occupied Territory: the Interplay between International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law", in Arnold, R. and Quenivet, N. (eds.), International humanitarian law and human rights law: towards a new merger in international law, Leiden [etc.], Nijhoff, 2008, pp. 449-474.

Azam, M.M. and Naser, M.M., "Status of International Human Rights Law within the Domestic Jurisdiction: the Context of Bangladesh", in Khin Maung Sein, A.G.H. (ed.), International law in a globalized world: voices from Asia, New Delhi, Serials Publications, 2008, pp. 228-255.

Bates, E.S., "From Assertion to Solid Methodology in Customary International Human Rights Law", Proceedings of the annual meeting, 103 (2009), pp. 492-494.

Baughen, S., "Customary International Law and Its Horizontal Effect: Human Rights Litigation between Non-State Actors (Global Challenges - Global Law Symposium)", Rutgers law review, 67 (2015), No. 1, pp. 89-126.

Bernhardt, R., "International Protection of Human Rights: Universalism and Regionalism", in Yee, S., Morin, J. and McWhinney, E. (eds.), Multiculturalism and international law: essays in honour of Edward McWhinney, Leiden [etc.], Nijhoff, 2009, pp. 467-476.

Beyani, C., "The legal premises for the international protection of human rights", in Goodwin-Gill, G.S., Talmon, S. and Brownlie, I. (eds.), The reality of international law: essays in honour of Ian Brownlie, 1999, pp. 21-35.

Bjorge, E., "What is living and what is dead in the European Convention on Human Rights? A Comment on Hassan v United Kingdom", QIL: Questions of international law: QDI: Questions de droit international = Questioni di diritto internazionale, (2015), pp. 23-36.

Bracka, J.M., "Past the Point of No Return?: the Palestinian Right of Return in International Human Rights Law", Melbourne journal of international law, 6 (2005), No. 2, pp. 272-312.

Brugnatelli, S., "Human Rights Judicial and Semi-Judicial Bodies and Customary International Law on State Responsibility", in Boschiero, N. and Treves, T. (eds.), International courts and the development of international law: essays in honour of Tullio Treves, The Hague, Asser Press, 2013, pp. 475-487.

Cabranes, J.A., "Customary International Law: What is is and What it is Not (Remarks from the Seminar on International Human Rights in U.S. Courts)", Duke journal of comparative & international law, 22 (2011), No. 1, pp. 143-152.

Cassese, A., "Are International Human Rights Treaties and Customary Rules on Torture binding upon US Troops in Iraq?", Journal of international criminal justice, 2 (2004), No. 3, pp. 872-878.


Cassimatis, A.E., "International Humanitarian Law, International Human Rights Law, and Fragmentation of International Law", The international and comparative law quarterly, 56 (2007), No. 3, pp. 623-639.

Cataldi, G., "A Historic Decision of the Italian Constitutional Court on the Balance Between the Italian Legal Order's Fundamental Values and Customary International Law", The Italian yearbook of international law, 24 (2015), pp. 37-52.

Cataldi, G., "On the Enforcement of Customary Rules on Human Rights by National Judges", The Italian yearbook of international law, 11 (2003), pp. 101-124.

Chetail, V., "The Transnational Movement of Persons under General International Law - Mapping the Customary Law Foundations of International Migration Law", in Chetail, V. and Bauloz, C. (eds.), Research handbook on international law and migration, Cheltenham, UK : Northampton, MA, USA, Edward Elgar, 2014, pp. 1-72.

Christenson, G.A., "Customary international human rights law in domestic court decisions", Georgia journal of international and comparative law, 25 (1996), No. 1-2, pp. 225-254.

Cunningham, A.J., "The European Convention on Human Rights, customary international law and the constitution", The international and comparative law quarterly, 43 (1994), No. 1, pp. 537-567.

D'Amato, A., "Human rights as part of customary international law: a plea for change of paradigms", Georgia journal of international and comparative law, 25 (1996), No. 1-2, pp. 47-98.

Dellapenna, J.W., "Customary International Law as the Rule of Decision in Human Rights Litigation in the US Courts", in Linton, S. (et al.)(eds.), For the Sake of Present and Future Generations: Essays on International Law, Crime and Justice in Honour of Roger S. Clark, Leiden : Boston, Brill Nijhoff, 2015, pp. 473-506.

Drzemczewski, A., "The applicability of customary international human rights in the English legal system", Revue des droits de l'homme: droit international et droit compare = Human rights journal: international and comparative law, 8 (1975), pp. 71-83.

Duquet, S. and Wouters, J., "Seeking Refuge in EU Delegations Abroad: a Legal Imbroglio Explored", European law review, 40 (2015), No. 5, pp. 722-743.

Emilianides, A.C., "Can the European Convention on Human Rights Be Modified by Subsequent Customary Law", The Cyprus yearbook of international relations, 2006 (2006), pp. 83-94.

Fensterheim, G., "Toward an international law of human rights based upon the mutual expectations of states", Virginia journal of international law, 21 (1980), pp. 185-210.

Gunning, I.R., "Modernizing customary international law: the challenge of human rights", Virginia journal of international law, 31 (1991), No. .2, pp. 211-247.


Gallant, K.S., "Use of Comparative Law in Determining the Customary International Law of Human Rights", Florida journal of international law, 24 (2012), No. 2, pp. 429-438.

Garman, J.J., "International Law and Children's Human Rights: International, Constitutional, and Political Conflicts Blocking Passage of the Convention on the Rights of the Child", Valparaiso University law review, 41 (2006), No. 2, pp. 659-695.

Goodwin-Gill, G.S., "Non-Refoulement, Temporary Refuge, and the "New" Asylum Seekers", in Cantor, D.J. and Durieux, J. (eds.), Refuge from inhumanity?: war refugees and international humanitarian law, Leiden : Boston, Brill Nijhoff, 2014, pp. 433-459.

Grant, E., "Customary Law and Human Rights", in Sheeran, S. and Rodley, N. (eds.), Routledge handbook of international human rights law, London: New York, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2013, pp. 303-321.

Hailbronner, K., "Nonrefoulement and "humanitarian" refugees: customary international law or wishful legal thinking?", in Martin, D.A. (ed.), The new asylum seekers: refugee law in the 1980's: the ninth Sokol colloquium on international law, 1988, pp. 123-158.

Hannum, H., "The Status of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in National and International Law", Georgia journal of international and comparative law, 25 (1996), No. 1-2, pp. 287-397.

Henckaerts, J. and Wiesener, C., "Human Rights Obligations of Non-state Armed Groups: a Possible Contribution from Customary International Law?", in Kolb, R. and Gaggioli, G. (eds.), Research handbook on human rights and humanitarian law, Cheltenham [etc.], Elgar, 2013, pp. 146-169.

Hillgruber, C., "Probleme Paralleler Rechtsverburgungen durch Vertrag und Gewohnheitsrecht: Kommentar", in Klein, E. (ed.), Menschenrechtsschutz durch Gewohnheitsrecht: Kolloquium, 26.-28. September 2002, Potsdam, Berlin, Berliner Wissenschafts-Verl. (BWV), 2003, pp. 172-197.

Hottelier, M. (et al.), "La pratique Suisse Relative aux Droits de l'Homme 2013", Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Internationales und Europaisches Recht = Revue Suisse de Droit International et de Droit Europeen, 24 (2014), No. 3, pp. 421-460.

Iovane, M., "Domestic Courts should embrace Sound Interpretative Strategies in the Development of Human Rights-Oriented International Law", in Cassese, A. (ed.), Realizing Utopia: the future of international law, Oxford [etc.], Oxford University Press, 2012, pp. 607-625.

Isanga, J., "Counter-Terrorism and Human Rights: the Emergence of a Rule of Customary Int'l Law from U. N. Resolutions", Denver journal of international law and policy, 37 (2009), No. 2, pp. 233-255.


Klein, D.F., "A theory for the application of the customary international law of human rights by domestic courts", The Yale journal of international law, 13 (1988), pp. 332-365.

Klein, E., Menschenrechtsschutz durch Gewohnheitsrecht: Kolloquium, 26.-28. September 2002, Potsdam, Berlin, Berliner Wissenschafts-Verl. (BWV), 2003.

Krajewski , M. and Singer, C., "Should judges Be Front-Runners?: the ICJ, State Immunity and the Protection of Fundamental Human Rights", Max Planck yearbook of United Nations law, 16 (2012), pp. 1-34.

Krieger, H., "A Conflict of Norms: the Relationship Between Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law in the ICRC Customary Law Study", Journal of conflict & security law, 11 (2006), No. 2, pp. 265-291.

Lenzerini, F., "The Safeguarding of Collective Cultural Rights through the Evolutionary Interpretation of Human Rights Treaties and Their Translation into Principles of Customary International Law", in Jakubowski, A. (ed.), Cultural rights as collective rights: an international law perspective, Leiden, Brill Nijhoff, 2016, pp. 133-153.

Lillich, R.B., "The Growing Importance of Customary International Human Rights Law", Georgia journal of international and comparative law, 25 (1996), No. 1-2, pp. 1-30.

Lowe, A., "Customary International Law and International Human Rights Law: a Proposal for the Expansion of the Alien Tort Statute", Indiana International and Comparative Law Review = La revue de droit international et compare d'Indiana University, 23 (2013), No. 3, pp. 523-553.

McNamara, C., "Targeting Decisions in the Crosshairs of Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law (Featured Note)", Creighton international and comparative law journal, 5 (2014), No. 2, pp. 1-24.

Meron, T., Human rights and humanitarian norms as customary law, Oxford, Clarendon, 1989.

Morris, K., "The Emergence of Customary International Law Recognizing Corporate Liability for Violations of International Human Rights and Environmental Law", Gonzaga journal of international law, 11 (2008), No. 1.

Oliver, C., "Problems of cognition and interpretation in applying norms of customary international law of human rights in United States courts", Houston journal of international law, 4 (1982), pp. 59-63.

Packer, C., "African women, traditions, and human rights: a critical analysis of contemporary "universal" discourses and approaches", in Forsythe, D.P. and MacMahon, P.C. (eds.), Human rights and diversity: area studies revisited, 2003, pp. 159-181.


Petersmann, E., "International Trade Law, Human Rights and the Customary International Law Rules on Treaty Interpretation", in Joseph, S. and Kinley, D. (eds.), The World Trade Organization and human rights: interdisciplinary perspectives, Cheltenham [etc.], Elgar, 2009, pp. 69-90.

Procaccini, K.C., "Constructing the Right "Not to Be Made a Refugee" at the European and Inter-American Courts of Human Rights", Harvard human rights journal, 22 (2009), No. 2, pp. 271-291.

Ramadhani, A.S., "Enforcement of the Judgements of the African Court of Human and Peoples' Rights", in Majinge, C.R. and Dieng, A. (eds.), Rule of Law through Human Rights and International Criminal Justice: Essays in Honour of Adama Dieng, Newcastle upon Tyne, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015, pp. 338-353.

Sarkin, J., "The Historical Origins, Convergence and Interrelationship of International Human Rights Law, International Humanitarian Law, International Criminal Law and Public International Law and Their Application Since the Nineteenth Century", Human rights & international legal discourse, 1 (2007), No. 1, pp. 125-205.

Scoble, A., "Enforcing the customary international law of human rights in Federal Court", California law review, 74 (1986), pp. 127-187.

Scholler, H., Gewohnheitsrecht und Menschenrechte: Aspekte eines Vielschichtigen Beziehungssystems, Baden-Baden, Nomos, 1998.

Sevastik, P., The binding force of treaties under international law: handbook for government lawyers and human rights advocates, Uppsala, Iustus Forlag, 1997.

Simma, B. and Alston, P., "The sources of human rights law: custom, jus cogens, and general principles", The Australian yearbook of international law: annual survey of current problems of public and private international law with a digest of Australian practice, 12 (1992), pp. 82-108.

Stagno, L., "The application of international human rights arguments in United States courts: customary international law incorporated into American domestic law", Brooklyn journal of international law, 8 (1982), pp. 207-238.

Thielborger, P., "Re-Conceptualizing the Human Right to Water: A Pledge for a Hybrid Approach", Human rights law review, 15 (2015), No. 2, pp. 225-249.

Thirlway, H., "Human Rights in Customary Law: An Attempt to Define Some of the Issues", Leiden journal of international law, 28 (2015), No. 3, pp. 495-506.

Totaro, M.V., "Legal Positivism, Constructivism, and International Human Rights Law: the Case of Participatory Development", Virginia journal of international law, 48 (2008), No. 4, pp. 719-765.


Tramontana, E., "Contribution of the Inter-American Human Rights Bodies to Evolving International Law on Indigenous Rights over Lands and Natural Resources, The Special Issue: Minority Groups Across Settings: Global and Regional Dimensions", International journal on minority and group rights, 17 (2010), No. 2, pp. 241-264.

Ulrich, L.M., "The Customary International Law Obligation to Protect Foreign Disaster Relief Personnel and Their Equipment", Willamette journal of international law & dispute resolution, 22 (2015), No. 2, pp. 343-376.

Weisburd, A.M., "The effect of treaties and other formal international acts on the customary law of human rights", Georgia journal of international and comparative law, 25 (1996), No. 1-2, pp. 99-146.

Willcox, S., "A Rising Tide: The Implications of Climate Change Inundation for Human Rights and State Sovereignty", Essex human rights review, 9 (2012), No. 1, pp. 1-19.

Worster, W.T., "The Contemporary International Law Status of the Right to Receive Asylum", International journal of refugee law, 26 (2014), No. 4, pp. 477-499.

Wouters, J. & C. Ryngaert, The impact of human rights and international humanitarian law on the process of the formation of customary international law, Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Faculty of Law, Institute for International Law, 2008.

Ziemele, I., "Customary International Law in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights - the Method", The law and practice of international courts and tribunals: a practitioners' journal, 12 (2013), No. 2, pp. 243-252.


5. Customary International Law & Law of the Sea

Barrett, J., "The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea: a "Living" Treaty?", in Barrett, J. and Barnes, R. (eds.), Law of the Sea: UNCLOS as a living treaty, London, British Institute of International and Comparative Law, 2016, pp. 3-37.

Barry, I.P., "The Right of Visit, Search and Seizure of Foreign Flagged Vessels on the High Seas Pursuant to Customary International Law: a Defense of the Proliferation Security Initiative", Hofstra Law Review, 33 (2004), No. 1, pp. 299-330.

Bederman, D.J., "Law of the Land, Law of the Sea: the Lost Link between Customary International Law and the General Maritime Law", Virginia journal of international law, 51 (2011), No. 2, pp. 299-351.

Biermann, F., ""Common Concerns of Humankind" and National Sovereignty", in , Globalism: people, profits, and progress: proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Canadian Council on International Law, Ottawa, October 18-20, 2001 = La mondialisation: les personnes, le profit et le progres: travaux de 30e Congres annuel du Conseil canadien de Droit international, Ottawa, 18 au 20 octobre 2001, London [etc.], Kluwer Law International, 2002, pp. 158-204.

Boschiero, N., International Courts and the Development of International Law, Heidelberg, Springer, 2013.

Butler, W., "Russian and Soviet State Practice and the Law of the Sea: new Perspectives", in Kolodkin, A. and Punzin, S. (eds.), Mezdunarodnoe morskoe pravo: statʹi pamjati A.L. Kolodkina = International law of the sea: essays in memory of A.L. Kolodkin, Moskva, Statut, 2014, pp. 18-39.

Caminos, H., "The Law of the Sea Convention, Customary International Law, and the Role of Law within the International Community", in Krueger, R.B. and Riesenfeld, S.A. (eds.), The Developing Order of the Oceans: Proceedings Law of the Sea Institute eighteenth annual conference, October 24 - 27, 1984, San Francisco, 1985, pp. 475-479.

Chigara, B., "The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and Customary International Law", Loyola of Los Angeles international & comparative law review, 22 (2000), No. 4, pp. 433-452.

Coppens, J., "Search and rescue", in Papastavridis, E.D. et Trapp, K.N. (eds.), La criminalite en mer, Leiden: Boston, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2014, pp. 381-427.

Dellapenna, J.W., "The Law of Transboundary Groundwater", in Westra, L. and Vilela, M. (eds.), The Earth Charter, ecological integrity and social movements, London : New York, Earthscan from Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2014, pp. 77-91.

Djalal, H., "The effects of the Law of the Sea Convention on the norms that now governactivities", in Van Dyke, J.M. (ed.), Consensus and confrontation: the United States


and the Law of the Sea Convention: a workshop of the Law of the Sea Institute, January 9-13, 1984, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1985, pp. p50-56.

Dowdle, P., "A Dire Need for Legislative Reform", Pace international law review, 27 (2015), No. 2, pp. 613-639.

Drenan, M.T., "Gone Overboard: Why the Arctic Sunrise Case Signals an Over-Expansion of the Ship-As-A-Unit Concept in the Diplomatic Protection Context", California Western international law journal, 45 (2014), No. 1, pp. 109-167.

Francioni, F., "Peacetime use of force, military activities, and the new law of the sea", Cornell international law journal, 18 (1985), pp. 203-226.

Franckx, E., "UNCLOS and the Arctic?", Revue belge de droit international = Belgian review of international law = Belgisch tijdschrift voor internationaal recht: publication semestrielle du Centre de Droit International de l'Institut de Sociologie de l'Universite Libre de Bruxelles et du Centre de Droit International de l'Universite Catholique de Louvain, 47 (2014), No. 1, pp. 157-181.

Gesellschaft für Seerecht der DDR, Rechtsfragen des maritimen Umweltschutzes, Rostock, Gesellschaft fur Seerecht der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, 1984.

Gragl, P., "Marine Scientific Research", in Attard, D.J., Fitzmaurice, M. and Martinez Gutierrez, N.A. (eds.), IThe IMLI manual on international maritime law, 1 (2014), pp. 396-430.

Heintschel von Heinegg, W., "Militairy Activities in the Exclusive Economic Zone", Revue belge de droit international = Belgian review of international law = Belgisch tijdschrift voor internationaal recht: publication semestrielle du Centre de Droit International de l'Institut de Sociologie de l'Universite Libre de Bruxelles et du Centre de Droit International de l'Universite Catholique de Louvain, 47 (2014), No. 1, pp. 45-64.

Hodgkinson, S.L., "The Governing International Law on Maritime Piracy", in Scharf, M.P., Newton, M.A. and Sterio, M. (eds.), Prosecuting maritime piracy: domestic solutions to international crimes, New York, NY, Cambridge University Press, 2015, pp. 13-31.

Holmila, E., "Common Heritage of Mankind in the Law of the Sea", Acta Societatis Martensis, (2005), No. 1, pp. 187-205.

Hong, N., "State Practice of UNCLOS in the South China Sea", in Wu, S., Valencia, M. and Hong, N. (eds.), UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and the South China Sea, Farnham, Surrey, England, Ashgate, 2015, pp. 267-299.

Jensen, Ǿ., "The Seaward Limits of the Continental Shelf beyond 200 Nautical Miles in the Arctic Ocean: Legal Framework and State Practice", in Jensen, L.C. and Hønneland, G. (eds.), Handbook of the politics of the Arctic, Cheltenham, UK : Northampton, MA, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015, pp. 227-246.


Kaminski, T., "Zatoki historyczne w orzecznictwie trybunałow miedzynarodowych i sadow krajowych", in, Kierunki rozwoju wspołczesnego prawa miedzynarodowego, Warszawa, Bellona, 2015, pp. 394-410.

Kashubsky, M., "Can an Act of Piracy Be Committed against an Offshore Petroleum Installation?", Australian and New Zealand maritime law journal, 26 (2012), No. 2, pp. 163-171.

Kaye, S., "Marine Scientific Research and Military Survey: Law and State Practice", in Wu, S., Valencia, M. and Hong, N. (eds.), UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and the South China Sea, Farnham, Surrey, England, Ashgate, 2015, pp. 85-104.

Kolodkin, A. and Zakharov, A., "The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and customary law", in Van Dyke, J.M. (ed.), Consensus and confrontation: the United States and the Law of the Sea Convention: a workshop of the Law of the Sea Institute, January 9-13, 1984, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1985, pp. p166-168.

Larson, D.L., "Conventional, customary, and consensual law in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea", Ocean development and international law: the journal of marine affairs, 25 (1994), No. 1, pp. 75-85.

Larson, D.L., "Innocent, transit, and archipelagic sea lanes passage", Ocean development and international law: the journal of marine affairs, 18 (1987), pp. 411-444.

Lee, M.L., "The Interrelation between the Law of the Sea Convention and Customary International Law", San Diego International Law Journal, 7 (2006), No. 2, pp. 405-420.

Loja, M.H., "Who Owns the Oil that Traverses a Boundary on the Continental Shelf in an Enclosed Sea?: Seeking Answers in Natural Law Through Grotius and Selden", Leiden journal of international law, 27 (2014), No. 4, pp. 893-911.

MacLaughlin, R.J., "Maritime Boundary Delimitation and Cooperative Management of Transboundary Hydrocarbons in the Ultra-deepwaters of the Gulf of Mexico", in Van Dyke, J.M. (ed.), Maritime boundary disputes, settlement processes, and the Law of the Sea, Leiden [etc.], Nijhoff, 2009, pp. 199-230.

MacRae, L., "Customary international law and the United Nations' Law of the Sea Treaty", California Western International Law Journal, 13 (1983), pp. 181-222.

Mak, J., "Sovereignty in ASEAN and the Problem of Maritime Cooperation in the South China Sea", in Bateman, S. (ed.), Security and international politics in the South China Sea: towards a cooperative management regime, Abingdon [etc.], Routledge, 2009, pp. 110-127.

Mank, B., "Can Plaintiffs Use Multinational Environmental Treaties as Customary International Law to Sue Under the Alien Tort Statute?", Utah law review, (2007), No. 4, pp. 1085-1170.


Nanda, V.P., "Exercising Universal Jurisdiction over Piracy", in Scharf, M.P., Newton, M.A. and Sterio, M. (eds.), Prosecuting maritime piracy: domestic solutions to international crimes, New York, NY, Cambridge University Press, 2015, pp. 54-74.

Noyes, J.E., "The Law of the Sea Convention and the United States of America", Revue belge de droit international = Belgian review of international law = Belgisch tijdschrift voor internationaal recht: publication semestrielle du Centre de Droit International de l'Institut de Sociologie de l'Universite Libre de Bruxelles et du Centre de Droit International de l'Universite Catholique de Louvain, 47 (2014), No. 1, pp. 15-44.

Oxman, B.H., "Customary International Law in the Absence of Widespread Ratification on the U.N. Convention on The Law Of The Sea", in Koers, A.W., Oxman, B.H. and Ostreng, W. (eds.), The 1982 Convention on the law of the sea: proceedings Law of the Sea Institute seventeenth annual conference, July 13 -16, 1983, Oslo, Norway, 1983, pp. 668-680.

Perry, T.C., "Blurring the Ocean Zones: the Effect of the Proliferation Security Initiative on the Customary International Law of the Sea", Ocean Development and International Law: The Journal of Marine Affairs, 37 (2006), No. 1, pp. 33-53.

Roach, J.A., "Today's Customary International Law of the Sea", Ocean Development and International Law: The Journal of Marine Affairs, 45 (2014), No. 3, pp. 239-259.

Sakamoto, S., "Historic Waters and Rights Revisited: UNCLOS and Beyond?", in , The Rule of Law in the Seas of Asia: Navigational Chart for Peace and Stability: International Symposium on the Law of the Sea, Tokyo, [Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan], 2015, pp. 62-69.

Schachte, W.L., "National Security: Customary International Law and the Convention on the Law of the Sea", The Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, 7 (1995), No. 3, pp. 709-715.

Shingleton, B., "UNCLOS III and the struggle for law: the elusive customary law of seabed mining", Ocean development and international law: the journal of marine affairs, 13 (1983), pp. 33-63.

Spielman, B., "" Warships" in the North Sea Continental Shelf Cases: why the Definition of "Warship" for Determining Sovereign Immunity Settled 25 Years Ago", The journal of international maritime law, 15 (2009), No. 4, pp. 322-339.

Talaie, F., "Final chapter in a conflict over the breadth of the territorial sea: recognition of the twelve nautical mile limit as declaratory of customary international law", The Indian journal of international law: a quarterly, 36 (1996), No. 3, pp. 36-66.

Treves, T., "L' etat du droit de la mer a la approche du XXIeme siecle", Annuaire du droit de la mer: (Revue de l'Indemer), 5 (2001), pp. 123-136.


Weller, M., "Straits used for international navigation, national security and customary international law: the US decision not to sign UNCLOS III", in National and international boundaries, 1985, pp. 865-879.

Wilson, E., "Mare Liberum and Opinio Juris: a Grotian reading of the North Sea Continental Shelf Cases", Monash University law review, 28 (2002), No. 2, pp. 299-326.

Wu, S., Valencia, M.J. and Hong, N., "The South China Sea: UNCLOS and State Practice", in Wu, S., Valencia, M. and Hong, N. (eds.), UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and the South China Sea, Farnham, Surrey, England, Ashgate, 2015, pp. 1-4.

Yamada, T., "The Defence of Necessity as Customary International Law: The Fisheries Jurisdiction Case (Spain v. Canada) Re-examined", in Hamamoto, S. (et al.)(eds.), "L' etre situe", effectiveness and purposes of international law: essays in honour of Professor Ryuichi Ida, Leiden : Boston, Brill Nijhoff, 2015, pp. 238-254.


6. Customary International Law & International Humanitarian Law

Al-Shaheen, S.A. et Al-Anzi, R.H., "Protection de l'environnement durant les conflits armes", L' observateur des Nations Unies: revue de l'Association francaise pour les Nations Unies, Section Aix-en-Provence, 35 (2013), No. 2, pp. 235-252.

Ambos, K., Terrorism and Customary International law, in Saul, B., Research Handbook on International Law and Terrorism, Cheltenham, UK, Northampton, MA, USA, Edward Elger, 2014, pp. 20-38.

Arai-Takahashi, Y., "The Impact of "Criminalization" on the Implementation of International Humanitarian Law: Judicial Advances of the Law of War Crimes as Salutary Osmosis?", The Japanese yearbook of international law, 58 (2016), pp. 129-174.

Barrat, C. & G.M. Abi-Saab, Status of NGOs in international humanitarian law, Leiden: Boston, Brill Nijhoff, 2014.

Banks, W.C. and Criddle, E.J., "Customary Constraints on the Use of Force: Article 51 with an American Accent", Leiden journal of international law, 29 (2016), No. 1, pp. 67-93.

Black-Branch, J.L. and Fleck, D., "Nuclear Weapons, Non-Proliferation and Disarmament: a Comprehensive Audit of Relevant Legal Issues and International Concerns", in Black-Branch, J.L. and Fleck, D. (eds.), I Nuclear non-proliferation in international law, 1 (2014), pp. 1-21.

Bruderlein, C., "Vom Gewohnheitsrecht im HumanitaRen Volkerrecht", Auszuge der Revue internationale de la Croix-Rouge, 42 (1991), No. 6, pp. 331-350.

Chirtoaca, N. and Matasel, A., "Consolidarea principiului neamestecului in dreptul international conventional si cutumiar al secolului XX", Revista moldoveneasca de drept international si relatii internationale, 2013 (2013), No. 1, pp. 5-19.

Clapham, A., "Focusing on Armed Non-State Actors", in Clapham, A. (et al.)(eds.), The Oxford handbook of international law in armed conflict, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2014, pp. 766-810.

Dienelt, A., "Non-State Actors and Direct Participation in Hostilities from 1945 until today - Note", in Horvat, S. (ed.), The challenges in the implementation of international humanitarian law: congress proceedings = Les defis de la mise en œuvre du droit international humanitaire: textes du congres, Bruxelles/Brussels, Societe Internationale de Droit Militaire, 2016, pp. 337-343.

Dinstein, Y., Non-international armed conflicts in international law, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2014.

Gaeta, P., "The Defence of Superior Orders: the Statute of the International Criminal Court versus Customary International Law", in Cassese, A. (et al.)(eds.), International criminal law, 2 (2015), pp. 573-594.


Gilligan, K., "The Non-Proliferation Regime and the NPT", in Black-Branch, J.L. and Fleck, D. (eds.), I Nuclear non-proliferation in international law, 1 (2014), pp. 85-104.

Halpern, M., Protecting vulnerable environments in international humanitarian law, Berkeley, CA, Berkeley Electronic Press, 2014.

He, H.G., "Protecting Ancient Heritage in Armed Conflict: New Rules for Targeting Cultural Property during Conflict with ISIS", Maryland journal of international law and trade, 30 (2015), pp. 168-190.

Henckaerts, J.-M., and Doswald-Beck, L., Customary International Humanitarian Law / International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2005, 2 volumes.

Hensel, H.M., "International Humanitarian Law", in Johnson, J.T. and Patterson, E.D. (eds.), The Ashgate research companion to military ethics, Farnham, Surrey, England, Ashgate, 2015, pp. 153-169.

Hoffmann, T., Dr. Opinio Juris and Mr. State Practice: the Strange Case of Customary International Humanitarian Law, [Budapest, Sigill. Facultat. Iuridicæ in Regia Univers. Buden], 2006.

Holzer, V., "Persecution and the Nexus to a Refugee Convention Ground in Non-Interrnational Armed Conflict: Insights from Customary International Humanitarian Law", in Cantor, D.J. and Durieux, J. (eds.), Refuge from inhumanity?: war refugees and international humanitarian law, Leiden : Boston, Brill Nijhoff, 2014, pp. 101-127.

Hoogh de, A., "Restrictivist Reasoning on the Ratione Personae Dimension of Armed Attacks in the Post 9/11 World", Leiden journal of international law, 29 (2016), No. 1, pp. 19-42.

Keber, T.O., Der Begriff des Terrorismus im Volkerrecht: Entwicklungslinien im Vertrags- und Gewohnheitsrecht unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Arbeiten zu einem "Umfassenden Ubereinkommen zur Bekampfung des Terrorismus", Frankfurt am Main, Peter Lang, 2009.

Kolb, R. and Del Mar, K., "Treaties for Armed Conflict", in Clapham, A. (et al.)(eds.), The Oxford handbook of international law in armed conflict, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2014, pp. 50-87.

Koppe, E.V., "Use of Nuclear Weapons and Protection of the Environment during International Armed Conflict", in Nystuen, G., Casey-Maslen, S. and Bersagel, A.G. (eds.), Nuclear weapons under international law, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2014, pp. 247-268.

Kreβ, C. and Megret, F., "The regulation of non-international armed conflicts", International review of the Red Cross, 96 (2014), No. 893, pp. 29-66.

Lee, T.H., "The Law of War and the Responsibility to Protect Civilians: a Reinterpretation", Harvard international law journal, 55 (2014), No. 2, pp. 251-321.


McNamara, C., "Targeting Decisions in the Crosshairs of Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law (Featured Note)", Creighton international and comparative law journal, 5 (2014), No. 2, pp. 1-24.

Melkov, G., "Mezdunarodno-pravovye voprosy primenenija sily v mezdunarodnom prave i mezdunarodnoj praktike gosudarstv na rubeze XX-XXI vekov", Rossijskij ezegodnik mezdunarodnogo prava, 1998-1999 (1999), pp. 200-218.

Meron, T., "Customary Humanitarian Law Today: from the Academy to the Courtroom", in Clapham, A. (et al.)(eds.), The Oxford handbook of international law in armed conflict, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2014, pp. 37-49.

Murray, D., "How International Humanitarian Law Treaties Bind Non-State Armed Groups", Journal of conflict & security law, 20 (2015), No. 1, pp. 101-131.

Nell, A., "The ICRC Study on Customary International Humanitarian Law as Viewed Through the Prism of 14th-18th Century Jurisprudential Thought", African Yearbook on International Humanitarian Law, (2015), pp. 1-43.

O'Connell, M.E., "Taking Opinio juris seriously, a Classical Approach to International Law on the Use of Force", in Cannizzaro, E. and Palchetti, P. (eds.), Customary international law on the use of force: a methodological approach, Leiden [etc.], Nijhoff, 2005, pp. 9-30..

O'Donnell, C., "Development of the Responsibility to Protect: An Examination of the Debate over the Legality of Humanitarian Intervention, The Symposium: Investment in Emerging Markets: The Challenges of Infrastructure Development: Note", Duke journal of comparative & international law, 24 (2013), No. 3, pp. 557-588.

Ond-Tonye, J.D.C., "Le droit de Geneve dans l'etude du C.I.C.R. sur le droit international humanitaire coutumier: approche critique", Revue juridique et politique des etats francophones, 70 (2016), No. 3, pp. 331-347.

Patterson, E.D., "Security and Political Order: the Ethics of who is in Charge and Enforcing the Peace at War's End", in Johnson, J.T. and Patterson, E.D. (eds.), The Ashgate research companion to military ethics, Farnham, Surrey, England, Ashgate, 2015, pp. 335-347.

Perisic, P., "Legal Permissibility of Unilateral Humanitarian Interventions", Acta Universitatis Danubius, 2013 (2013), No. 1, pp. 38-50.

Petrovic, J., "Cultural Property", in Liivoja, R. and McCormack, T. (eds.), Routledge handbook of the law of armed conflict, London: New York, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2016, pp. 369-383.

Picone, P., "L' evolution du droit international coutumier sur l'emploi de la force entre obligations "erga omnes" et autorisations du Conseil de securite", in Cannizzaro, E. and Palchetti, P. (eds.), Customary international law on the use of force: a methodological approach, Leiden [etc.], Nijhoff, 2005, pp. 305-319.


Quenivet, N., "Applicability Test of Additional Protocol II and Common Article 3 for Crimes in Internal Armed Conflict", in Jinks, D., Maogoto, J.N. and Solomon, S. (eds.), Applying international humanitarian law in judicial and quasi-judicial bodies: international and domestic aspects, The Hague, T.M.C. Asser Press, 2014, pp. 31-60.

Sanden, J. and Bachmann, S., "Countering Hybrid Eco-threats to Global Security Under International Law: The Need for an Comprehensive Legal Approach", The Liverpool law review, 34 (2013), No. 3, pp. 261-289.

Schadtle, K., "Das volkerrechtliche Verbot des Einsatzes chemischer Waffen im Burgerkrieg: der Syrienkonflikt als Fallstudie", Archiv des Volkerrechts, 53 (2015), No. 1, pp. 121-140.

Scharf, M.P., "How the War against ISIS Changed International Law", Case Western Reserve journal of international law, 48 (2016), No. 1-2, pp. 15-67.

Sterio, M., "Humanitarian Intervention Post-Syria: a Grotian Moment?", ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law, 20 (2014), No. 2, pp. 343-356.

Szpak, A., "The Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission and Customary International Humanitarian Law", Journal of international humanitarian legal studies, 4 (2013), No. 2, pp. 296-314.

Szurek, S., "L' Etude sur le Droit International Coutumier: "Les Voies d'une Normativite en Action"", In Akandji-Kombe, J. Et Tavernier, P. (Eds.), L' Homme Dans La Societe Internationale: Melanges En Hommage Au Professeur Paul Tavernier, Bruxelles, Bruylant, 2013, pp. 1447-1464.

Watts, S. (ed.), "The Decline of International Humanitarian Law Opinio Juris and the Law of Cyber Warfare", Texas International Law Journal, 50 (2015), No. 2-3, pp. 189-231.

Wettberg, G., The international legality of self-defense against non-state actors: state practice from the U. N. Charter to the present, Frankfurt am Main [etc.], Lang, 2007.

Wood, M., "International Law and the Use of Force: What Happens in Practice?", The Indian journal of international law: a quarterly, 53 (2013), No. 3, pp. 345-367.

Woolaver, H., "Pro-Democratic Intervention in Africa and the "Arab Spring"", African journal of international and comparative law = Revue africaine de droit international et compare, 22 (2014), No. 2, pp. 161-183.

Venturini, G., "Test-Bans and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization", in Black-Branch, J.L. and Fleck, D. (eds.), Nuclear non-proliferation in international law, 1 (2014), pp. 133-158.

Zommer, M.T., "Researching International Humanitarian Law: a Decision-making Process Model for Operationalizing State Practice", in Romaniuk, S.N. and Marlin, M. (eds.), Development and the politics of human rights, Boca Raton, CRC Press, 2016, pp. 179-190.


7. Customary International Law & Investment Law

Acconci, P., "The Requirement of Continuous Corporate Nationality and Customary International Rules on Foreign Investment: the Loewen Case", The Italian yearbook of international law, 14 (2005), pp. 195-223.

Aguirre Luzi, R., "BITs & Economic Crises: do States have carte blanche?", in Weiler, T.G. (ed.), I Investment treaty arbitration and international law, 1 (2008), pp. 165-188.

Al Faruque, A., ‘Creating Customary International Law through Bilateral Investment Treaties: A Critical Appraisal’, 44 Indian Journal of International Law (2004) 292-318.

Alvarez, J.E., ‘A Bit on Custom’, 42 Journal of International Law and Politics (2009) 17-80.

Alvarez-Jimenez, A., ‘Minimum Standard of Treatment of Aliens, Fair and Equitable Treatment of Foreign Investors, Customary International Law and the Diallo Case before the International Court of Justice’, 9 Journal of World Investment & Trade (2008) 51-70.

Alvarez-Jimenez, A., "New Approaches to the State of Necessity in Customary International Law: Insights from WTO Law and Foreign Investment Law", The American review of international arbitration, 19 (2008), No. 3-4, pp. 463-488.

Alvarez-Jimenez, A., ‘Foreign Investment Protection and Regulatory Failures as States’ Contribution to the State of Necessity Under Customary International Law: A New Approach Based on the Complexity of Argentina’s 2001 Crisis, 27 Journal of International Arbitration (2010) 141-177.

Audit, M. and Forteau, M., ‘Investment Arbitration without BIT: Toward a Foreign Investment Customary Based Arbitration?’, 29 Journal of International Arbitration (2012) 581-604.

Ayad, M.B., "The Vienna Convention as Authority for the Use of Precedent as Customary Practice in International Arbitrations of Oil Concessions and Investment Disputes in North Africa and the Gulf Arab States; or a Lex Mercatoria for a Lex Petrolea", The journal of world investment & trade, 14 (2013), No. 5, pp. 918-940.

Azubuike, E.C., "The Place of Treaties in International Investment", Annual survey of international and comparative law, 19 (2013), pp. 155-196.

Baümler, J., Das Schadigungsverbot im Volkerrecht: eine Untersuchung anhand des Umwelt-, Welthandels- und Finanzvolkerrechts, Berlin, Springer, 2016.

Bubb, R.J. and Rose-Ackerman, S., "BIT's and Bargains: Stratecic Aspects of Bilateral and Multilateral Regulation of Foreign Investment", International review of law and economics, 27 (2007), No. 3, pp. 291-311.


Chinen, M.A., "The Standard of Compensation for Takings", Minnesota journal of international law: a journal dedicated to the study of international law and policy, 25 (2016), No. 2, pp. 335-380.

Chung, J.J., "Customary International Law as Explained by Status Instead of Contract", North Carolina journal of international law and commercial regulation, 37 (2012), No. 3, pp. 609-664.

Congyan, C., ‘International Investment Treaties and the Formation, Application and Transformation of Customary International Law Rules’, 7 Chinese Journal of International Law (2008) 659-679.

Dagbanja, D.N., "The Limitation on Sovereign Regulatory Autonomy and Internationalization of Investment protection by Treaty: An African Perpective", Journal of African law, 60 (2016), No. 1, pp. 56-82.

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