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6

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7

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8

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]j` èo_elheja kb lkhe_a k$_ano0

Sda l]lan lnk_aaò ]o bkhhkso0 Ij pda jatp oa_pekj sa cera ] ^]_gcnkqj` kb

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kb lkkn lanbkni]j_a0 Ra_pekj 9 ejpanlnapo pda ailene_]h naoqhpo ]j` èo_qooao

lkpajpe]h ia_d]jeoio0 Ra_pekj ; _kj_hqào0

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Kaju])o lklqh]pekj eo i]à ql kb ikna pd]j bknpu apdje_ cnkqlo0 Sdaoa apdje_

cnkqlo lna`]pa Bnepeod _khkje]h nqha ^qp ^kqj`]neao âpsaaj pdai sana kbpaj

#qe` *P]nokjo. 4234+0/ Cajpn]heva` lkhepe_]h opnq_pqnao ^]oa` kj apdje_ hejao sana

h]ncahu ]ôajp0 Aqpdknepu s]o pule_]hhu lanokj]h ]j` ]p pda rehh]ca harah. kbpaj ]

bqj_pekj kb heja]ca. ]ca. ]j` sa]hpd ]j` jkp apdje_ ]hhace]j_a *M]i`]je. 3<<8>

Hanôp. 4222> Luj_d. 4233+0

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araj lajapn]pekj kb apdje_ dkiah]jò0 Ij pda Cajpn]h Pnkrej_a. pda dkiah]j` kb

pda Kegquq. pda _khkje]h a_kjkie_ lajapn]pekj àopnkua` lna/_khkje]h lnk`q_pekj

ikào ]j` naoqhpa` ej ] lnkhap]ne]jev]pekj kj ] _kjoeàn]^ha o_]ha. sde_d ha` pk

(Iìt\in \nnph`_ i`r òcid^ d_ìodod`n ocmjpbc hdbm\odji- om\_`- ìng\q`hìo- dio`mh\m.md\b`- \i_ \_jkodji/ @`nd_`n- òcid^ d_ìodot h\t ]` \ kjgdod^\g ^jinompô . oc` YI\gìedi&òcid^ bmjpk- ajm `s\hkg`- ajmh`_ di oc` 31oc ^ìopmt di jm_`m oj hjm` `!`ôdq`gt jkkjnÌdfptp _jhdi\odji *Jti^c- 3122+/ Gi ocdn k\k`m- r` pn` oc` òcid^dot oc\o kjgd^`hì m`kjmo`_\o m`^mpdohìo \bbm`b\odib oc`h dioj oc` ^\o`bjmd`n oc\o "o oc` ^jio`so ja òcid^ _dqdndjin diIìt\/

9

pda _na]pekj kb ] h]jà` ]j` lnklanpea` _h]oo ]j` _kj_ajpn]pekj kb sa]hpd *Cksaj

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û oapphan _]lep]heoi. ha]rejc lna/_khkje]h ikào kb lnk`q_pekj ejp]_p0 Ckjbnkjpa`

sepd iejei]h ]cne_qhpqn]h lkpajpe]h. h]_g kb ejbn]opnq_pqna. ]j` i]ngapo bkn s]ca

ckkò. pda Lqk naolkjà` pk pda _khkje]h a_kjkiu ]o oqllheano kb h]^kn. lnei]n/

ehu ]o n]ehs]u skngano ]j` arajpq]hhu ]o `k_g skngano ej Mki^]o] *Afqhq. 4224>

Oikhk. 4224+0 Sdqo. Kaju])o oapphan a_kjkiu _na]pa` op]ng a_kjkie_ è!anaj_ao

âpsaaj apdje_ cnkqlo. sde_d bkqj` pdaen na#a_pekj ej pda h]pan Abne_]j lkhepe_]h

knc]jev]pekjo0 Ij ]`èpekj. _khkje]h h]j` lkhe_eao b]rknejc Eqnkla]j oapphano ]j`

Abne_]j lklqh]pekj cnkspd _na]pa` ] h]pajp _kj#e_p kran h]j`0

Vdeha Abne_]jo ]ppailpa` pk bkni l]j/apdje_ lkhepe_]h knc]jev]pekjo *a0c0. pda

E]op Abne_]j Aook_e]pekj *EAA+ ej 3<3< ]j` pda Kaju]j Abne_]j Tjekj *KAT+

ej 3<68+. pdaoa sana odknp/hera` ]j` ^]jja` sepdej ] _kqlha kb ua]no kb pdaen

ej_alpekj *Afqhq. 4224+0 Sda _khkje]h ckranjiajp)o Zèreà/]j`/nqha' lkhe_u èo/

_kqn]ca` pda bkni]pekj kb j]pekj/seà Abne_]j lkhepe_]h ]_perepu. ]j` ejopa]` aj/

_kqn]ca` apdje_/ ]j` pn]à/ola_e"_ ]ook_e]pekjo. sde_d kran peia naoqhpa` ej ]

lnkheban]pekj kb oq_d knc]jev]pekjo ]j` _kjpne^qpa` pk pda è!anajpe]pekj kb apd/

je_epeao sepd èopej_p lkhepe_]h ejpanaopo *Oikhk. 4224+0 Bu 3<79 pda bkhhksejc

lkhepe_]hhu nahar]jp apdje_ èreoekjo d]` aianca`= pda Kegquq *3<09(+. sde_d

pkcapdan sepd pda Manq *705(+ ]j` Ei^q *304(+ h]pan bknia` pda apdje_ _k]he/

pekj _]hha` Gai]> pda K]hajfej *320;(+. sde_d pkcapdan sepd pda M]]o]e *30<(+.

Sqng]j] *404(+. ]j` R]i^qnq *207<(+ bkni pda apdje_ _k]hepekj h]âha` K]i]/

pqo]> pda Lqk *350;(+> pda Lqdu] *3503(+> ]j` pda K]i^] *3304(+ *Mknc]j.

4222> Pkojan. 4226+0

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qh]nhu nahar]jp0 Abpan pda àba]p kb pda *Kegquq/ha`+ M]q M]q qlneoejc ej 3<78.

;

naopne_pekjo kj lkhepe_]h ]_perepu sana nah]ta`0 Pkhepe_]h l]npeao sana ]hhksa` ]p

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_kqj_eh pkkg lh]_a0 A_gjksha`cejc pda ZVej` kb Cd]jca'. pda Bnepeod ckranj/

iajp s]o sehhejc pk cn]jp ejàlajàj_a0 Sda ua]no 3<82/83 sana _d]n]_paneoa`

û pda aha_pkn]h nqj/ql pk pda "nop klaj. j]pekj/seà. iqhpe/l]npu aha_pekj pd]p

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q]nu 3<820 Ij M]u 3<82 pda Kaju] Abne_]j N]pekj]h Tjekj *KANT+ s]o bknia`

bnki ateopejc knc]jev]pekjo. oq_d ]o pda Kaju] Faàn]pekj kb L]^kn ]j` pda Kaju]

Ijàlajàj_a Mkraiajp0 KANT da]à` û Jkik Kaju]pp] *] Kegquq+ â_]ia

]j ejpajoahu ]jpe/_khkje]h ]j` j]pekj]heop l]npu ^qp `nas ikop kb epo ha]ànodel.

iaiânodel. ]j` oqllknp bnki pda Gai] _k]hepekj ]j` pda Lqk0 Fa]nejc pdeo

Kegquq ]j` Lqk `kiej]j_a. iejknepu apdje_ cnkqlo *pda K]i]pqo] ]j` _k]op]h

lklqh]pekjo+ naolkjà` bkniejc pda Kaju] Abne_]j Daik_n]pe_ Tjekj *KADT+

*Nàcs]. 3<<9. 827+0 La` û Qkj]h` Nc]h] *] Mefegaj`] bnki Kaju])o _k]op]h

lnkrej_a+. KADT ]`rk_]pa` Zi]fei^keoi'. ] mq]oe/baàn]heop _kjopepqpekj pd]p

skqh` cera oecje"_]jp lksano kj eooqao oq_d ]o h]j`. a`q_]pekj. ejbn]opnq_pqna

ejraopiajpo. ]j` pda _kilkoepekj kb pda Cereh Ranre_a pk pda nacekjo *ej okia kb

sde_d pdkoa apdje_ cnkqlo dah` ] i]fknepu+ *Afqhq. 4224> Ajànokj. 4227+0 Epd/

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Ao M]jjano *3<84+ _kiiajpa` pdana s]o Zheppha na]okj pk âheara pda jatp rkpa

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53 ej pda hksan dkqoa ]j` 3< oa]po ]c]ejop KADT)o 38 ej pda Raj]pa *Bajjapp.

3<83+0 Kaju]pp] â_]ia lneia iejeopan ]j` h]pan lnaoeàjp0 Bu 3<86. KADT

]j` KANT d]` ianca` *Nàcs]. 3<<9. 828+0 Ao ] naoqhp kb pdeo iancan. Nc]h]

s]o i]à Mejeopan kb Ckklan]perao ]j` Rk_e]h Ranre_ao ]j` D]jeah An]l Mke *]

K]hajfej+. ] re_a/lnaoeàjp ej KADT ]p pda peia. â_]ia Hkia Mejeopan ]j`

èna_phu naolkjoe^ha bkn pda lkhe_a00

Sda iancan kb KANT ]j` KADT odebpa` pda ^]h]j_a kb lksan sepdej pda

nqhejc l]npu ej b]rkn kb pda _kjoanr]pera ahaiajpo. sde_d ha` pk pda àba_pekj kb

pda habp/ha]jejc Lqk/ha` sejc. pda Kaju] Paklha)o Tjekj *KPT+ ej 3<870 Sdau

kllkoa` pda lan_aera` cnksejc _kjoanr]peoi ]j` lnk/saopanj kneajp]pekj kb Kaju/

]pp] ]j` pda KANT ha]ànodel. sde_d û pdaj s]o _kilkoa` at_hqoerahu kb iai/

âno kb pda Gai] ]j` K]i]pqo] ]hhe]j_a *Afqhq. 4224. 482+0 Ij pda oqôamqajphu

dah` ZLeppha Gajan]h Eha_pekj'. KANT atl]jà` epo i]fknepu ej ^kpd dkqoao kb

l]nhe]iajp0 Sda _kjopepqpekj s]o ]iajà` _]j_ahejc i]fei^keoi0 Fkhhksejc pda

]jpe/_kiiqjeop hkce_ kb pda Ckh` V]n. ep ^]jja` pda KPT ej 3<8< kj j]pekj]h

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apdje_ cnkqlo pk lksan0 Sdaoa ]na pda lkhepe_]h odk_go sde_d kqn l]lan atlhkepo

pk aopei]pa pda eil]_p kj lkhe_a lanbkni]j_a0

)Rc` km`nd_ìo \i_ oc` Fjh` Kdidno`m r`m` oc` orj kjndodjin hjno m`g`q\io ajm oc` kjgd^`/Fì^`- amjh 2;75 jir\m_n- ^jiomjg ja oc` kjgd^` r\n di oc` c\i_n ja oc` E`h\.I\h\opn\\ggd\i^` oc\o _jhdi\o`_ I?LS/ Qodgg- di gdi` rdoc oc` "i_dibn ja Dm\i%̂jdn- P\di`m \i_ Rm`]]d*3126+- joc`m hdidno`md\g kjmoajgdjn r`m` hjm` ]mj\_gt nc\m`_ \hjib òcid^ bmjpkn/

32

Fecqna 4= Seiaheja kb Erajpo ]nkqj` Kaju])o Ijàlajàj_a

%#% 9LIGAC 8NE?KGU?PGLK ?KB 0CRCILMJCKP

Sda <LU_H AVSPJL eo Kaju])o i]ej h]s ajbkn_ejc ^kù0 Ip d]o ]hok ]hs]uo âaj

]j ejopnqiajp kb naceia lnkpa_pekj0 Dqnejc _khkje]h peiao. pda lkhe_a ]josana`

kjhu pk pda Gkranjkn0 Ap ejàlajàj_a pdeo qj_da_ga` _kj_ajpn]pekj kb lksan

l]ooa` pk pda Pnaoeàjp *Aqan^]_d. 4225+0 Sda lkhe_a eo pdanabkna rqhjan]^ha pk

lkhepe_]h ej#qaj_a. sde_d i]u qhpei]pahu ]!a_p pda lanbkni]j_a kb epo lanokjjah0

Oqn opqù _krano pda h]op ua]no kb _khkje]h nqha 3<79/3<85 ]j` pda "nop ua]no kb

ejàlajàj_a 3<85/3<920 Ip at_hqào pda M]q M]q qlneoejc 3<74/3<780

Sdana s]o ]hs]uo ]j apdje_ _kilkjajp ej pda _kilkoepekj kb pda Pkhe_a Fkn_a

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hku]hepu _kqh` â pnqopa` ]ikjc pda K]i^] ]j` K]hajfej *pda ok/_]hha` Zi]npe]h

n]_ao'+0 Ij _kjpn]op. ranu bas Kegquqo ajpana` pda Pkhe_a Fkn_a01 Ojhu ]bpan pda

*Gi 2;67- 33/7'- 32/7' \i_ 4/3' ja kjgd^` j$^`mn r`m` I\gìedi- I\h]\ \i_ Idfptpn-rc`m`\n oc` 2;73 Aìnpn kjkpg\odji kpo oc`dm nc\m` \o 21/9'- 21/6' \i_ 29/9' m`nk`ôdq`gt*Iìt\ Njgd^` ?iip\g P`kjmon= Aìnpn 2;73+/

33

aj` kb M]q M]q ]j` ej ]jpe_el]pekj kb Kaju])o ejàlajàj_a ]j` pda _kiejc kb

Abne_]j nqha ] àheân]pa ]ppailp s]o i]à pk ^nejc pda apdje_ _kilkoepekj ej heja

sepd pd]p kb pda lklqh]pekj *Ch]upkj. 3<;<+0 Ankqj` 3<82 Pkhe_a Ckiieooekjan

Qe_d]n` C]phejc ejepe]pa` ] lnk_aoo kb Abne_]jev]pekj ej pda decdan n]jgo *Sdnkql.

3<<4+0 H]opehu pn]eja`. jashu/lnkikpa` Abne_]j k$_ano cn]`q]hhu nalh]_a` Aoe]j

]j` Eqnkla]j oajekn k$_ano0

Abpan Jkik Kaju]pp] pkkg _kjpnkh ej 3<85 _d]jcao ej pda lkhe_a bkhhksa` pda

o]ia l]ppanj ]o ej pda ikop eilknp]jp iejeopneao *Hknjoû. 4234+0 Kaju]pp]

nahea` kj apdje_ hku]hpeao ]j` ]hhe]j_ao0 Ha ]llkejpa` Banj]n` Hejc]. ]j apdje_

Kegquq. ]o Pkhe_a Ckiieooekjan ej 3<86 ]j` û 3<89 ]hh ^n]j_dao ]j` àl]np/

iajpo sana ha` û ]j apdje_ Kegquq *at_alp pda Cneiej]h Ijraopec]pekj Dal]np/

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7LULXHS DLX\PJL FUPZ *GRT+0 Sda GRT eo ] l]n]iehep]nu ^n]j_d kb pda lkhe_a.

sahh/amqella` ]j` sahh/pn]eja`. ]j` decdhu lkhepe_]h0 Ip s]o ailhkua` ]c]ejop

ejpanj]h lkhepe_]h pdna]ò. ]j` ola_e"_]hhu bknia` ] _kqjpansaecdp pk pda ]niu0

Kaju]pp] odebpa` pda GRT)o k$_an _knlo ]j` apdje_ _kilkoepekj ej b]rkn kb pda

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hepe_]hhu ikper]pa`0 Kaju]pp] qoa` deo lnaoeàjpe]h lksano pk ûl]oo pda Pkhe_a

Ranre_a Ckiieooekj Bk]n`. ecjknejc bkn at]ilha oajeknepu ]o _nepanekj bkn lnkik/

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Sda cakcn]lde_]h knc]jev]pekj bkhhksa` ] bkqnbkh` dean]n_du sepd pda da]`/

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_kqh` â ]o oi]hh ]o ] nk]` ^hk_g0*) Sda Kaju] Pkhe_a s]o jkp arajhu kn amq]hhu

èopne^qpa`0 Qa#a_pejc hkjcop]jèjc _khkje]h ejpanaopo. pda lkhe_a s]o da]rehu

+Iìt\)n n`^ji_ km`nd_ìo- B\id`g ?m\k Kjd- \i òcid^ I\gìedi- \ô`_ ndhdg\mgt \i_ hjq`_I\gìedi dioj dhkjmo\io kjndodjin *Fjmin]t- 3123+/

#"Njgd^dib \m`\n _d_ ijo i`^`nn\mdgt jq`mg\k rdoc \_hdidnom\odq` _dqdndjin/

34

_kj_ajpn]pa` ej pda qn^]j _kiian_e]h ]j` Eqnkla]j naoeàjpe]h ]na]o0 Sdau ]hok

oanra` pda \Vdepa Hecdh]jò) sdana Eqnkla]jo ksja` b]nio0 Ij 3<79 ]o ] hac]_u

kb M]q M]q. pda lkhe_a s]o ]hok sahh lnaoajpa` ej Kegquq ]j` pda ^knànejc

K]hajfej ]na]o *Sdnkql. 3<<4+0 Vepd pda aj` kb rekhaj_a. dksaran. pda jqiân

kb lkhe_a lkopo sana na`q_a` ej pdkoa ]na]o0 Sda i]fknepu kb Abne_]j nqn]h ]n/

a]o ej _kjpn]op sana qjàn/oanra`0** Abpan ejàlajàj_a pda lkhe_ejc japskng

atl]jà`. l]npe_qh]nhu pk Abne_]j ]na]o0 Oqn `]p] ejè_]pao pd]p Kegquq ]j`

K]hajfej ]na]o. sde_d sana ]hok pda ikop lkhepe_]hhu rkh]peha nacekjo. opehh na_aera`

] èolnklknpekj]pa od]na kb lkhe_ejc0

A nah]pa` eooqa pk sdana lkhe_a èreoekjo sana hk_]pa` eo sdk s]o op]pekja`

pdana0 Sda _khkje]h naceia ba]na` bn]panjev]pekj ]j` ]^qoao. eb lkhe_a k$_ano sana

lkhe_ejc pdaen ksj apdje_ gej kn dkiah]j`0 Pkhe_a nacqh]pekjo ej 3<79 lanieppa`

ql pk 67( kb lanokjjah oanrejc ej pdaen ksj dkia ]na] *Ch]upkj. 3<;<+0*+ Baejc

op]pekja` _hkoa pk dkia s]o _anp]ejhu ikna ]ppn]_pera pk lkhe_a k$_ano0

& 0?P? ?KB 6C?OQNCJCKPO

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Oqn lnei]nu `]p] okqn_a ]na pda <LU_H AVSPJL DLX\PJL CLNPYZLXY0 Sdaoa oan/

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k$_an kran pda bqhh hajcpd kb deo _]naan0*, Ij l]npe_qh]n. pda oanre_a naceopano

##?amd^\i m`n`mq`n r`m` jmdbdi\ggt kjgd^`_ ]t oc` YRmd]\g Njgd^`& *do ]`^\h` oc` Y?_hdidnom\.odji Njgd^`& di 2;69+- rcd^c _`\go rdoc j!ìn`n \b\dino _dnomdô ^jpi^dg ]t.g\rn \i_ ^pnojh\mtg\r/ Rc` Iìt\ Njgd^` _`\go rdoc j!ìn`n \b\dino oc` Nì\g Aj_` \i_ bì`m\g g`bdng\odji *RL?AM2148052+/

#$Nm`qdjpn mpg`n r`m` nomdô`m \ggjrdib kjgd^`hì di oc`dm cjh` \m`\ jigt \ao`m nds t`\mn jan`mqd^` rcì oc`t c\_ _`hjinom\o`_ oc`dm gjt\gdot/

#%Rc` Q`mqd^` P`bdno`mn r`m` diomj_p^`_ di oc` g\o` 2;41n/ @t oc` `\mgt 2;51n \gg \ôdq`kjgd^`hì r`m` ^jq`m`_/

35

na_knà` lanokj]h àp]eho ]p na_nqepiajp *j]ia. apdje_epu. daecdp. i]nep]h op]pqo.

lh]_a kb ênpd ]j` naoeàj_a+. ]ju pn]ejejc âukj` pda k^hec]pknu oet ikjpdo.

j]iao kb èreoekjo ]p sde_d pda lkhe_a k$_an oanra` sepd `]pao kb pn]jobano. ]ju

ieo_kj`q_po1_kiiaj`]pekjo ]j` _knnaolkjèjc lqjeodiajpo1nas]nò. lnkik/

pekjo1àikpekjo ]j` l]npe_qh]no kb èo_d]nca *`]pa. na]okj. kran]hh _kj`q_p+0

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bkn àopnq_pekj ej 422<0 As]epejc ]lln]eo]h û pda Kaju] N]pekj]h An_derao pda

"hao sana `qila` ej ] àlkp ]p pda kqpogenpo kb N]enkê0*- Sda "hao è` jkp bkhhks

]ju k^rekqo knàn ]j` ha]go ej pda nkkb àopnkua` ] ckk` od]na kb pda na_knò0

Oqn o]ilhejc opn]pacu s]o pk _khha_p ]hh na]`]^ha naceopano. sepd pda at_alpekj kb

lkhe_a k$_ano kb K]i^] apdje_ knecej na_nqepa` âbkna 3<72. sdk sa àheân]pahu

qjàno]ilha` ]o pdau sana jqiankqo ej pda Pkhe_a Fkn_a âbkna 3<720*. Vdeha kqn

o]ilhejc lnk_a`qna `kao jkp n]eoa ]ju k^rekqo _kj_anjo pd]p kqn o]ilha i]u â

jkj/n]j`ki *]l]np bnki pda qjàno]ilhejc kb K]i^] lkhe_a k$_ano lna/3<72+.

sa _da_ga` sdapdan pda apdje_ _kilkoepekj ej kqn o]ilha bkhhkso pda op]peope_o

k$_e]hhu nalknpa` ej pda <LU_H AVSPJL 1UU[HS CLWVXZY0*/ Vepd pda at_alpekj kb

pda K]i^] âbkna 3<72. pdana eo ] ranu opnkjc ]cnaaiajp âpsaaj pda psk okqn_ao0

Va ]na pdanabkna _kj"àjp pd]p kqn o]ilha eo h]ncahu nalnaoajp]pera kb pda Kaju]

Pkhe_a Fkn_a. aola_e]hhu bkn pda peia lanek` sa bk_qo kj. op]npejc ej 3<790

Sdeo pula kb ejère`q]h harah `]p] kj lkhe_a k$_ano eo ]ôkhqpahu qjemqa0 Fkn

kqn lqnlkoao. sa ^nejc pda `]p] ejpk ] lkhe_a k$_an / oanre_a ua]n l]jah opnq_pqna0

Oqn l]jah d]o 8.9;6 lkhe_aiaj `kejc pdaen oanre_a âpsaaj 3<79 ]j` 3<920*0 Va

#&T` oc\if Iìt\ Njgd^` FO ajm bm\iodib pn \^^`nn oj oc` m`^jm_n- \i_ Iìt\ L\odji\g?m^cdq`n ajm npkkjmo di mòmd`qdib oc`h/

#'Go r\n `\nt oj d_ìodat oc` t`\m ja m`^mpdohìo \n oc` ^jgjpm ja oc` n`mqd^` m`bdno`mn opmi`_amjh ]gp` oj m`_ di oc` 2;61n/

#(Ddbpm` ?/2 di oc` \kkì_ds ncjrn oc` ^jhk\mdnji/ Rc` I\h]\ pi_`mn\hkgdib dn qdnd]g`-rcdg` _d!`mìo m`kjmodib ja &joc`mn& dn kmj]\]gt _p` oj _d!`mì^`n di ^\o`bjmdu\odji ja nh\gg`mbmjpkn/ Rc` \_hdidnom\odq` _\o\ ji oc` nc\m` ja òcid^ bmjpkn ì_n di 2;73/

#)Njgd^`hì ìo`m jpm n\hkg` \ao`m oc` otkd^\g om\didib k`mdj_ ja nds hjiocn- jm oc`dm Ykmj.

36

_dkkoa 3<79 ]o pda op]npejc lkejp kb kqn _kj`q_p o]ilha. ]o ep eo pda "nop ua]n

]bpan pda aj` kb pda M]q M]q qlneoejc0 Sdeo o]ilha opehh ej_hqào bkqn ua]no kb

`]p] âbkna pda 3<83 aha_pekjo pd]p i]à pda KANT l]npu Kaju])o `kiej]jp

lkhepe_]h bkn_a0

&#% 6C?OQNCJCKP

Fkn a]_d lkhe_a k$_an. sa gjks pda `]pao kb ajpnu ]j` atep. b]iehu ^]_gcnkqj`.

apdje_ cnkql. a`q_]pekj. lh]_a kb ênpd. ] bqhh lnkikpekj na_kn`. ]ooecjiajp deo/

pknu. o]h]nu. ]_po kb ieo_kj`q_p. lqjeodiajp bkn ieo_kj`q_p. ckk` âd]rekn. pn]ej/

ejc qjànp]gaj. nas]nò bkn ckk` lanbkni]j_a. ]j` pda _d]n]_pan ]ooaooiajp kj

èo_d]nca0 Aikjc pdaoa r]ne]^hao. pda ne_daop ejbkni]pekj eo _kjp]eja` ej pda

_kj`q_p ]j` lqjeodiajp r]ne]^hao0 *1 Sdaoa _kran ]j atpnaiahu seà n]jca kb

ieoâd]rekn û lkhe_aiaj. ]j` ]na na_knà` ]p nah]perahu decd bnamqaj_u0 Va

kôanra 33.628 k!ajoao ej kqn o]ilha kb 66.8;< k$_an/ua]no0 Sda knecej]h lan/

okjjah na_knò ào_neâ pdaoa k!ajoao ej cna]p àp]eh0 Fkn at]ilha. kja k$_an eo

nalknpa` pk d]ra opkhaj ] Zhakl]n`)o ogej'0 Va ]ooecj pdaoa ]_po kb ieo_kj`q_p pk

] heiepa` jqiân kb _]packneao0 Sda ikop _kiikj k!ajoao ]na b]ehqna pk ]ppaj`

`qpu ]j` ]ôaj_a sepdkqp ha]ra *6.347 _]oao kqp kb 33.628+. `nqjgajjaoo *3.389

hjodji& amjh m`^mpdo oj ^jino\]g` v rcd^c`q`m j^^pmm`_ `\mgd`m/#*Ppg`n \i_ kmj^`_pm`n \m` g\d_ _jri di Mm_di\i^` Lj/ 8; ja 2;59 Y?i Mm_di\i^` oj Nmjqd_`

ajm oc` Mmb\idu\odji- Bdn^dkgdi`- Njr`mn \i_ Bpod`n ja oc` Njgd^` Djm^`& *np]n`lpìo \hì_.hìon _d_ ijo h\f` np]no\iod\g ^c\ib`n di kmdi^dkg` \i_ di \it ^\n` rjpg_ ijo _dn^mdhdi\o`\b\dino òcid^dod`n+/ Mq`mndbco ja _dn^dkgdi` r\n nomdôgt cd`m\m^cd^\g/ YQpk`mdjm j$^`mn& *m\ifn\]jq` \nndno\io npk`mdioì_ìo+ diq`nodb\o`_ ^\n`n ja hdn^ji_pô \i_ da oc`t ajpi_ j$^`mnbpdgot dhkjn`_ kpidnchìon/ Rj \i jq`mrc`ghdib _`bm`` oc` Njgd^` Djm^` *\i_ jpm n\hkg`+^jindno`_ ja Ynp]jm_di\o` j$^`mn& np^c \n Ajino\]g`n- Ajmkjm\gn \i_ Q`mb`\ion/ ?mod^g` 52gdnon 55 ^\o`bjmd`n ja j!ìn`n= ?mod^g` 54 gdnon oc` kpidnchìon m\ibdib amjh m`kmdh\i_n- "i`n-rdoc_m\r\g ja `$^dì^t \ggjr\i^`n- `som\ _mdggn- ^ji"i`hìo oj ]\mm\^fn oj _`hjodji/ F\mnc`mnìoì^`n di^gp_dib _dnhdnn\gn ^jpg_ ]` dhkjn`_ ]t oc` Njgd^` Ajhhdnndji`m/ M$^`mn c\_ oc`mdbco oj \kk`\g/ T` _jo c\q` diajmh\odji \]jpo rcj kmjqd_`_ oc` `qd_ì^` jm \^^pn\odji/K\it j!ìn`n np^c \n \]nìo``dnh- \ggjrdib kmdnji`mn oj `n^\k` \i_ _dnj]`_dì^`- cjr`q`m-\m` dio`mi\g \i_ rjpg_ gò pn \nnph` oc\o `qd_ì^` r\n kpo ajmr\m_ ]t cdbc`m m\if`_ j$^`mnrdocdi oc` kjgd^`/

37

_]oao+. âejc ènpu *;94 _]oao+. èokâèaj_a *<6; _]oao+. b]hhejc ]ohaal kj `qpu

*6;6 _]oao+. ]j` ]hhksejc lneokjano pk ao_]la *574 _]oao+0 82( kb lkhe_aiaj _ki/

iep ]p ha]op kja k!ajoa0 Ij pda i]ej ola_e"_]pekjo. sa nahu kj ] êj]nu k!ajoa

r]ne]^ha. ejè_]pejc sdapdan ]j ejère`q]h d]o _kiieppa` ]ju k!ajoao ej ] ceraj

ua]n0 Sdeo ]jjq]h k!ajoa lnk^]êhepu eo ]nkqj` 42(0

S]^ha 3 lnaoajpo oqii]nu op]peope_o bkn gau r]ne]^hao0 A^kqp 38( kb k$_ano

oanra ej nacekjo sdana pdaen ksj apdje_epu eo pda h]ncaop cnkql *e0a0. pdaen apdje_

dkiah]jò+. ]j` ] oeieh]n lan_ajp]ca oanrao ej lkhe_a èreoekjo ej sde_d pdaen

ksj apdje_ cnkql eo `kiej]jp aepdan ]p h]nca kn ej pda oajekn n]jgo0 A^kqp

55( kb lkhe_aiaj oecja` pdaen ^kkghap. sdeha pda nai]ejejc k$_ano lnkreà` fqop

] pdqi^lnejp0 Fkni]h a`q_]pekj eo heiepa`. sepd kjhu ]^kqp 52( d]rejc ]ju

bkni]h a`q_]pekj0 Sda n]jg kb aranu lkhe_ai]j eo oqii]neva` kj ] 2 pk 5 o_]ha.

sdana 2 _knnaolkjò pk _kjop]^hao ]j` na_nqepo> 3 pk Cknlkn]ho> 4 pk Ranca]jpo>

]j` 5 pk Ijola_pkno ]j` decdan n]jgo0 Sda ]ran]ca n]jg eo _hkoa pk 20 Sda lkhe_a

^kkghapo ]hok lnkreà ] _d]n]_pan ]ooaooiajp ]p èo_d]nca. n]jcejc bnki 'B]`'

pk 'Etailh]nu'. sde_d sa _kà kj ] o_]ha âpsaaj 2 ]j` 6. sdana pda o]ilha

ia]j eo ]nkqj` 40

A_po kb ieo_kj`q_p _]j â "ja`. ]j` _kjèpekj]h kj _kiieppejc ]j k!ajoa

pda ]ran]ca "ja ej kqn o]ilha eo ]^kqp 38 Kaju]j Rdehhejc0 Fejao ]na û b]n pda

ikop _kiikj bkni kb lqjeodiajp. ]j` eilkoa` ej 98( kb k!ajoao0 Ij ]jkpdan

32( kb _]oao pda k!ajoa eo lqjeoda` ej ]jkpdan s]u. bkn at]ilha sepd `nehho.

d]n` h]^kqn. oqolajoekj. kn ej atpnaia _]oao àpajpekj0 Nkp ej_hqà` ej pdeo

lqjeodiajp `qiiu ]na iana Znalnei]jò'0

38

S]^ha 3= Rqii]nu Rp]peope_o

K`\i Qo\i_\m_ _`qd\odji M]n`mq\odjin

M!ìn` *1.2+ 1/2;3 1/4;5 55-79;?]nìo *1.2+ 1/191 1/383 55-79;Bmpif *1.2+ 1/135 1/25; 55-79;Bdmot jm piod_t *1.2+ 1/129 1/244 55-79;Bdnj]`_dìo *1.2+ 1/131 1/246 55-79;Q`mdjpn j!ìn` *1.2+ 1/132 1/255 55-79;Ajhhì_\]g` ]`c\qdjpm *1.2+ 1/115 1/177 55-79;Lph]`m ja j!ìn`n 1/366 1/715 55-79;E`h\ 1/319 1/517 55-79;I\h\opn\ 1/3;3 1/565 55-79;Jpj 1/189 1/379 55-79;I?LS 1/51; 1/5;3 55-79;Idfptp 1/243 1/449 55-79;I\gìedi 1/333 1/526 55-79;Ac\m\ô`m \o _dn^c\mb` *1.5+ 3/448 1/;; 4 48-;7;Rìpm` 8/429 6/6;8 55-79;P\if di_`s *1.4+ 1/333 1/649 46-213Qo\odji`_ di òcid^ cjh`g\i_ 1/281 1/487 52-55;Qo\odji`_ di _dnomdô ja ]dmoc 1/1;3 1/39; 4;-764Qc\m` ja òcid^dot di _dqdndji 1/324 1/245 52-55;Qc\m` ja òcid^dot di cdbc`m m\ifn 1/257 1/261 52-526Cocid^ _dq`mndot *CJD+ di _dqdndji 1/969 1/147 52-55;Jdo`m\^t *ndbi`_ ]jjfgò+ 1/438 1/57; 49-;28?it `_p^\odji 1/418 1/572 55-79;Nmjhjodji 1/125 1/22; 55-79;Bdnhdnn\g 1/354 1/53; 55-79;P`ndbi\odji 1/214 1/415 55-79;Ddi` *Inc+ 27/45 32/;2 9-672?it Ddi` *_phht+ 1/878 32/;2 9-672?it Npidnchìo *Bphht+ 1/982 1/445 9-672

Ljo`n< M]n`mq\odjin \o oc` di_dqd_p\g.t`\m g`q`g ajm 7-895 j$^`mn rcj n`mq`_ ]òr`ì 2;68\i_ 2;81/ Q`mdjpn j!ìn` di^gp_`n "bcodib- \nn\pgon- ocào- _dn^c\mbdib \ md#`- \ggjrdib \kmdnji`m oj `n^\k`- ^jmmpkodji- ^m`\odib \ _dnopm]\i^`- \i_ m\m`m otk`n ja n`mdjpn hdn]`c\q.djm/ Rc` m\if di_`s dn 1 ajm \ ^jino\]g` \i_ 4 ajm \i Gink`ôjm jm \]jq`/ Fjh`g\i_ di_d^\o`nrcòc`m \ kjgd^`h\i n`mq`n di \ kjgd^` _dqdndji gj^\o`_ di cdn òcid^ cjh`g\i_/ Qc\m` ja \iòcid^dot di cdbc`m m\ifn h`\npm`n oc` kmjkjmodji ja nìdjm j$^`mn *^jmkjm\g jm \]jq`+ dioc` _dqdndji rcj ]`gjib oj oc` j$^`m)n òcid^ bmjpk/ Jdo`m\^t dn \kkmjsdh\o`_ ]t rcòc`moc` di_dqd_p\g c\n ndbi`_ cdn n`mqd^` m`bdno`m jm bdqì \ ocph]kmdio/ Ddi`n \m` ^ji_dodji\gji ^jhhdoodib \i j!ìn`- \i_ &\it kpidnchìo& dn ji` da oc`m` dn \ m`^jm_`_ kpidnchìoja \it otk` *joc`m oc\i \ m`kmdh\i_+/

39

' 1JMGNGA?I <PN?PCET

'#$ 3BCKPGDTGKE PFC 4-7> PNC?PJCKP C!CAP

Oqn l]lan opqèao dks pda âd]rekn kb lkhe_aiaj _d]jcao sdaj pdaen cnkql dkhò

lkhepe_]h lksan0 Sda ailene_]h opn]pacu atlhkep pdnaa odk_go pk lkhepe_]h lksan=

*3+ KANT sejjejc Kaju])o "nop iqhpe/l]npu aha_pekjo ej 3<83. ^nejcejc pda Lqk

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sa ]hok nalknp a]_d kb pda _knnaolkjèjc _ka$_eajpo oal]n]pahu0 Oqn ^]oa/heja

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3;

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iajp a!a_po ]j` oda` hecdp kj pda _d]jjaho hejgejc _d]jcejc k!ajoa n]pao pk pda

lkhepe_]h _hkqp kb apdje_ cnkqlo0 Sdaoa a!a_po ]na _]lpqna` û ] pnelha ejpan]_pekj

]`à` pk kqn i]ej ola_e"_]pekj ]^kra. ]j` sa ào_neâ pdaoa naoqhpo ej oa_pekj

803 âhks0

'#% ;CMLNPGKE ALKACNKO

Oqn nahe]j_a kj nalknpa` n]pdan pd]j ejàlajàjphu kôanra` k!ajoao cerao neoa

pk k^rekqo heiep]pekjo0 Ip eo _kj_aer]^ha pd]p pda na_knèjc kb k!ajoao bkn lk/

hepe_]hhu lksanbqh apdje_ cnkqlo _d]jcao araj eb pdaen ]_pq]h âd]rekn nai]ejo

qj]hpana`0 Vdeha sa _]jjkp nqha kqp oq_d ] nalknpejc a!a_p ] lnekne. ] jqiân

kb b]_pkno oqllknp kqn ejpanlnap]pekj kb pda na_knà` k!ajoao ]o ] na#a_pekj kb

$$Gi ?kkì_ds R\]g` ?/2 r` ncjr oc\o ]àjm` 2;72 I?LS j$^`mn _d!`m`_ ndbid"^\iogt amjhjoc`m òcid^ bmjpkn di ^`mo\di ^c\m\ô`mdnod^n/

42

]_pq]h âd]rekn0

30 Sda lkhe_a na_knò sana galp bkn ejpanj]h qoa kjhu. ok pda _kjoamqaj_ao kb

âejc ^kkga` ]o oq_d ]na ieh`0

40 Sda lkhe_a d]o ] _anp]ej èo_napekj ej dks pk lqjeod ] ceraj k!ajoa= "jao kb

r]nuejc ]ikqjpo. èoieoo]h. kn àh]ua` lnkikpekj0 Vdeha apdje_ b]rknepeoi

kn èo_neiej]pekj _kqh` cera neoa pk nalknpejc ê]o ej k!ajoao. lqjeodiajpo

k!an ] ikna a!a_pera ]j` lksanbqh ejopnqiajp bkn oq_d *lkoepera kn jac]pera+

apdje_ èo_neiej]pekj0 Hksaran. sa `k jkp "j` ] è!anajpe]h pna]piajp ej

lqjeodiajpo0

50 Oja skqh` pule_]hhu atla_p nalknpejc ê]o ej pda èna_pekj pd]p lkhepe_]hhu

lksanbqh cnkqlo d]ra SLYY na_knà` k!ajoao bkn pda o]ia ]_pq]h âd]rekn0

Oqn "jèjco ck ej pda kllkoepa èna_pekj= KANT lkhe_aiaj d]ra TVXL

na_knà` k!ajoao0

60 Sda ikop oajekn lkhe_a k$_ano *sdk sana kbpaj Eqnkla]j. araj ]bpan ej/

àlajàj_a+ d]` ^qehp ql pdaen _]naano `qnejc pda _khkje]h lanek`. sde_d

ajoqna` _kjoeopaj_u ej ]ìejeopn]pera na_knò ]j` nalknpejc ln]_pe_ao0

70 Ruopai]pe_ qjàn/ kn kran/nalknpejc kb k!ajoao bkn l]npe_qh]n apdje_ cnkqlo

d]o pk â eilhaiajpa` û oajekn k$_ano. ^qp sa "j` jk areàj_a pd]p pda

apdje_ _kilkoepekj kb pda oajekn k$_an _knlo i]ppano bkn pda ieoâd]rekn

sa `k_qiajp0

80 Va _]j èopejcqeod âpsaaj k!ajoa pulao. ]j` _kil]na naoqhpo bkn ikna

k^fa_pera k!ajoao *hega ]ôajpaaeoi ]j` `nqjgajjaoo+. ]j` ikna oq^fa_pera

k!ajoao *oq_d ]o èokâèaj_a+0 Oqn naoqhpo ]na opnkjcaop bkn k^fa_pera

43

k!ajoao0 Reieh]nhu. sa `k jkp "j` areàj_a kb è!anajpe]h '_kiiaj`]^ha

âd]rekn'. kb sde_d pda nalknpejc eo ikna ]p pda èo_napekj kb oajekn k$_ano0

Sda naoqhpo nabanna` pk ej pdeo heop ]na èo_qooa` ej àp]eh ej oqôamqajp oa_pekjo0

S]gaj pkcapdan. sa pdejg kqn "jèjco ]na jkp _kjoeopajp sepd pda dulkpdaoeo pd]p

ouopai]pe_ nalknpejc annkno cajan]pa è!anajpe]h ieo_kj`q_p bkn KANT lkhe_aiaj0

( 6?GK ;COQIPO

Fecqna 5 odkso pda ]jjq]h k!ajoa lnk^]êhepu kb KANT k$_ano. jkj/KANT kb/

"_ano. ]j` pda è!anaj_a pkcapdan sepd epo <7( _kj"àj_a ejpanr]h0 Ip je_ahu

ehhqopn]pao kqn i]ej naoqhp0 Sda pkl habp cn]ld odkso pda l]ppanj bkn pda Gai].

pda pkl necdp bkn pda K]i]pqo]. pda ^kppki habp bkn pda Lqk. ]j` pda ^kppki

necdp bkn ]hh KANT *e0a0. Gai]. K]i]pqo]. ]j` Lqk+ k$_ano0 Sda ranpe_]h hejao

ejè_]pa pda ua]n ej sde_d ]j apdje_ cnkql _kiao pk lksan pdnkqcd KANT *kn

ha]rao. ej pda _]oa kb pda Lqk ej 3<87+0+,

Bapsaaj 3<79 ]j` pda "nop aha_pekj ej 3<83 pda è!anaj_a ej k!ajoa lnk^]êhepu

eo ja]n ]j` op]peope_]hhu ejèopejcqeod]^ha bnki vank0 Abpan pda "nop aha_pekj pda

è!anaj_a ej k!ajoa n]pao ej pda Gai]. Lqk ]j` KANT cn]ldo ]na cna]pan pd]j

vank ]j` pda _kj"àj_a ejpanr]h ej_hqào vank kjhu ]p pda i]ncej0 Va oaa ]

oeieh]n l]ppanj bkn K]i]pqo] k$_ano= kj_a KANT ]ôknâ` KADT ej 3<85. pdaen

k!ajoa lnk^]êhepu ]hok ej_na]oao _kil]na` pk jkj/KANT k$_ano0 Sdeo è!anaj_a

lanoeopo pdnkqcdkqp kqn peia lanek`. sepd pda <7( _kj"àj_a ejpanr]h ej_hqèjc

vank kjhu ]p pda i]ncej0 Mknakran. sa ]hok oaa ] narano]h kb pda l]ppanj sdaj ]j

k$_an)o apdje_ cnkql ha]rao lksan= pda è!anaj_a ej k!ajoa lnk^]êhepu âpsaaj

$%Rc` ]\n`gdi` di^gp_`n \gg kjgd^`hì rcjn` òcid^dod`n \m` i`q`m k\mo ja I?LS di oc` ^\n` ja^jhk\mdnjin oj di_dqd_p\g òcid^ bmjpkn/ Go di^gp_`n \gg kjgd^`hì rcj \m` ijo k\mo ja I?LSdi \ bdqì t`\m ajm oc` I?LS bm\kc di oc` ]joojh mdbco k\i`g/

44

Fecqna 5= O!ajoa Pnk^]êhepu ]j` De!anaj_a kb KANT cnkqlo ]j` Opdan Epd/je_epeao

-.1

0.1

.2.3

Off

en

se P

roba

bili

ty

1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969

Gema Non-KANU

Difference 95% CI

-.1

0.1

.2.3

1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969

Kamatusa Non-KANU

Difference 95% CI

-.1

0.1

.2.3

Offe

nse P

rob

abili

ty

1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969Year

Luo Non-KANU

Difference 95% CI

-.1

0.1

.2.3

1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969Year

KANU Non-KANU

Difference 95% CI

Ljo`n< 2;72 h\mfn Iìt\)n "mno hpgodk\mot `g`ôdjin/ I?LS dn \ odh` q\mtdib q\md\]g`di^gp_dib j$^`mn ja \gg òcid^ bmjpkn \$gd\o`_ rdoc oc` Iìt\ ?amd^\i L\odji\g Sidji*I?LS+/ Rc\o dn oc` E`h\ \ggd\i^` ocmjpbcjpo- oc` Jpj piodg 2;76- \i_ oc` I\h\opn\ \ao`m2;75/

Lqk ]j` jkj/KANT k$_ano â_kiao jac]pera ]j` op]peope_]hhu ejèopejcqeod]^ha

bnki vank0

Sda è!anaj_a ej k!ajoa lnk^]êhepeao eo oqôp]jperahu ia]jejcbqh0 Vdeha pda

]ran]ca k!ajoa hegahedkk` kb ]hh lkhe_a k$_ano ej_na]oao ]bpan pda "nop aha_pekj. pda

ej_na]oa bkn KANT k$_ano eo _kjoeàn]^hu h]ncan0 Bapsaaj 3<83 ]j` 3<92 pda

lnk^]êhepu kb ] jkj/KANT k$_an _kiieppejc ]p ha]op kja k!ajoa ej ] ceraj ua]n

ej_na]oa` bnki 37( pk 43( lan ua]n *e0a0. 362( ej_na]oa+. sdana]o pda hegahedkk`

kb ] KANT k$_an _kiieppejc ]p ha]op kja k!ajoa ej ] ceraj ua]n neoao bnki 37(

pk 47( *e0a0. 389( ej_na]oa+ `qnejc pda o]ia peia lanek`. sde_d eo ] 49 lan_ajp]ca

45

lkejp è!anaj_a0

Ij p]^ha 4. sa ikra âukj` pda cn]lde_]h ]j]huoeo ]j` ailhku pda nacnaooekj

bn]iaskng ola_e"a` ej pda lnarekqo oa_pekj0 Ij a]_d _khqij sa ejpan]_p pda

cnkqlo sepd ] r]ne]^ha ejè_]pejc pdaen ej_hqoekj ej pda nqhejc _k]hepekj ]j` ]

lh]_a^k bkn pda psk ua]no eiiaè]pahu âbkna pd]p0 Ckhqijo 3 ]j` 4 lnaoajp pda

naoqhpo bkn pda oq^cnkqlo _kilkoejc KANT ]j` _khqijo 5 ]j` 6 lnaoajp pda

aopei]pao bkn pda KANT _k]hepekj ]o ] sdkha0

Ckhqijo 3 ]j` 4 _kj"nio pda l]ppanj odksj ej "cqna 50 Gai] k$_ano ]na

oecje"_]jphu ikna hegahu pk _kiiep k!ajoao pd]j jkj/KANT k$_ano ]bpan pda

"nop aha_pekj0 Oj ]ran]ca ] Gai] k$_an eo 509( ikna hegahu pk _kiiep ]j k!ajoa

]bpan 3<83 pdaj ] jkj/KANT k$_an0 Sda o]ia dkhò pnqa bkn K]i]pqo] k$_ano=

qlkj fkejejc pda KANT _k]hepekj ej 3<86. pdau ]na kj ]ran]ca 508( ikna hegahu pk

_kiiep ]j k!ajoa ej ] ceraj ua]n pd]j jkj/KANT k$_ano0 Fej]hhu. pda l]ppanj

bkn Lqk k$_ano eo ] êp ikna jq]j_a` `qa pk pdaen ajpn]j_a ]j` atep kb lksan

`qnejc pda peia lanek` qjàn ejraopec]pekj0 Vdeha jkp op]peope_]hhu oecje"_]jp.

] Lqk k$_an eo kj ]ran]ca 504( ikna hegahu _kiiep ]j k$_a pd]j jkj/KANT

k$_ano0 Bqp qlkj ha]rejc pda KANT _k]hepekj. pdaen lnk^]êhepu kb _kiieppejc

]j k!ajoa à_na]oao û 509( _kil]na` pk Gai] ]j` K]i]pqo] k$_ano. sde_d

eo op]peope_]hhu oecje"_]jp ]p pda 7(/harah0 Fej]hhu. jkpa pd]p ]hh lh]_a^k ejpan]_/

pekjo ]na lkoepera. ^qp nah]perahu oi]hh _kil]na` pk pda cnkqlo) i]ej a!a_po ]j`

op]peope_]hhu ejoecje"_]jp0

Ckhqijo 5 ]j` 6 lnaoajp pda naoqhpo bkn pda KANT _k]hepekj0 Sdau ]na mq]h/

ep]perahu eàjpe_]h pk pda _ka$_eajp aopei]pao lnaoajpa` ej Ckhqijo 3 ]j` 4= kj

]ran]ca ] KANT k$_an eo âpsaaj 507 ]j` 6( ikna hegahu pk _kiiep ]j k!ajoa

pd]j ] jkj/KANT k$_an ej ]ju cera ua]n ]bpan 3<830 Ac]ej. pda lh]_a^k ej/

pan]_pekj bkn pda psk ua]no lnekn pk cappejc pk lksan eo oi]hh ]j` op]peope_]hhu

46

S]^ha 4= De!anaj_a ej O!ajoa Pnk^]êhepeao âpsaaj KANT ]j` Nkj/KANTO$_ano

+!3<?3

*2+ *3+ *4+ *5+

!#< E`h\ 1/123

*1/128+

!$< E`h\ " Ng\^`]j 6;.71 1/114 1/113

*1/132+ *1/132+

!%< E`h\ " Njno 72 1/144, 1/143,

*1/129+ *1/129+

!&< I\h\opn\ 1/113

*1/119+

!'< I\h\opn\ " Ng\^`]j 73.74 1/117 1/117

*1/123+ *1/124+

!(< I\h\opn\ " Njno 75 1/145,,, 1/146,,,

*1/122+ *1/122+

!)< Jpj .1/113

*1/128+

!*< Jpj " Ng\^`]j 6;.71 1/128 1/128

*1/132+ *1/132+

!+< Jpj " 72.76 1/139 1/13;

*1/132+ *1/132+

!#"< Jpj " Njno 76 .1/122 .1/119

*1/133+ *1/133+

I?LS 1/115

*1/124+

I?LS " Ng\^`]j 6;.71 1/121 1/119

*1/127+ *1/126+

I?LS " Njno 72 1/147,,, 1/141,,

*1/125+ *1/125+

Cocid^ Emjpk Dds`_ C!`ôn Lj V`n Lj V`nM]n`mq\odjin 5579; 5579; 5579; 5579;Agpno`mn 7895 7895 7895 7895

!+ . !#"< 1/14;,, 1/147,*1/129+ *1/12;+

Ljo`n< ?gg m`bm`nndjin di^gp_` t`\m "s`_ `!`ôn- \i_ ^jiomjg ajm oc` gìboc ja oc`t`\m di oc` "mno \i_ "i\g t`\m ja n`mqd^`/ Cnodh\o`n ndbid"^\io \o oc` 1/16 *1/21-1/12+ g`q`g \m` h\mf`_ rdoc ,, *,- ,,,+/ Qo\i_\m_ `mmjmn \m` ^gpno`m`_ \o oc`di_dqd_p\g g`q`g/

47

ejèopejcqeod]^ha bnki vank0+-

Ij pda bkhhksejc psk oqôa_pekjo sa ejraopec]pa sdapdan pda ej_na]oa ej k!ajoa

lnk^]êhepu bkn KANT k$_ano eo `qa pk oaha_pekj kn `qa pk _d]jcao ej âd]rekn0

(#$ <CICAPGLK 1!CAPO

Epdje_ l]pnkj]ca ej lq^he_ oa_pkn fkô ]bpan pda 3<83 aha_pekjo eo ] lkpajpe]h

na]okj bkn pda kôanra` à_na]oa ej èo_elheja ]ikjc pda KANT k$_ano0 S]^ha 5

lnaoajpo pda naoqhpo kb kqn ejraopec]pekj kb oaha_pekj a!a_po0 Ckhqijo 3/4 lnaoajp

pda naoqhpo kj ajpnu oaha_pekj. ]j` Ckhqijo 5 ]j` 6 kj atep oaha_pekj0

S]^ha 5= Raha_pekj E!a_po

+!3<?3

Ciomt Q`g`ôdji Csdo Q`g`ôdji

2no V`\m 3i_ V`\m J\no V`\mAji_pô\o Csdo

*2+ *3+ *5+ *6+

I?LS 1/135 1/119 1/135 1/128

*1/139+ *1/149+ *1/152+ *1/1;9+

I?LS " Cigdno`_ Njno 72 .1/142 1/157

*1/137+ *1/147+

I?LS " Csdo Njno 72 .1/129 .1/175

*1/153+ *1/1;;+

M]n`mq\odjin 4823 4875 4746 4198

Ljo`n< ?gg m`bm`nndjin di^gp_` t`\m "s`_ `!`ôn- \i_ ^jiomjg ajm oc` gìboc jaoc` t`\m di oc` "mno \i_ "i\g t`\m ja n`mqd^`/ Cnodh\o`n ndbid"^\io \o oc` 1/16*1/21- 1/12+ g`q`g \m` h\mf`_ rdoc ,, *,- ,,,+/ Qo\i_\m_ `mmjmn \m` ^gpno`m`_\o oc` di_dqd_p\g g`q`g/

$&?kkì_ds o\]g` ?/3 km`nìon m`npgon amjh d_ìod^\g m`bm`nndjin \n di "mno orj ^jgphin jao\]g` 3- ]po gdhdodib oc` n\hkg` oj oc` "q` h\di òcid^ bmjpkn *d/`/- Idfptp- I\gìedi- Jpj-Jpct\- \i_ I\h]\+/ Mq`m\gg oc` k\oo`mi dn d_ìod^\g- \gocjpbc oc` ^j`$^dìon \m` `nodh\o`_njh`rc\o g`nn km`^dn`gt _p` oj oc` nh\gg`m n\hkg` ndu`< Idfptp- I\gìedi \i_ Jpj j$^`mn- rcìoc`dm òcid^ bmjpk dn k\mo ja oc` I?LS ^j\gdodji- \m` hjm` gdf`gt oj ^jhhdo \i j!ìn` oc\iJpct\ \i_ I\h]\ j$^`mn- rcjn` òcid^ bmjpkn r`m` i`q`m k\mo ja I?LS/ ?kkì_ds o\]g` ?/4m`.`nodh\o`n oc` h\di hj_`gn pndib oc` iph]`m ja j!ìn`n ^jhhdoo`_ di \ t`\m m\oc`m oc\i jpmkmà`mm`_ _d^cjojhjpn h`\npm`/ ?b\di- r` "i_ oc\o I?LS j$^`mn \m` hjm` gdf`gt oj ^jhhdoj!ìn`n \gocjpbc njh` ja oc` `!`ôn \m` ijo no\odnod^\ggt ndbid"^\io _p` oj oc` ijdnd`m jpo^jh`h`\npm`/

48

Ckhqij 3 odkso pda è!anaj_a ej pda lnk^]êhepu kb _kiieppejc ]j k!ajoa

âpsaaj KANT ]j` jkj/KANT na_nqepo âbkna ]j` ]bpan 3<83 bkn pdaen "nop

ua]n kb oanre_a0 Va "j` jk op]peope_]hhu oecje"_]jp è!anaj_a ej pda hegahedkk`

kb _kiieppejc ]j k!ajoa0 Ckhqij 4 lanbknio pda o]ia ]j]huoeo bkn k$_ano

ej pdaen oa_kj` ]j` pden` ua]n kb ajheopiajp0 Ac]ej. sa "j` jk op]peope_]hhu

oecje"_]jp è!anaj_a ej k!ajoa lnk^]êhepu âpsaaj pda KANT ]j` jkj/KANT

k$_ano âbkna kn ]bpan pda "nop aha_pekj0 Sdeo oqccaop pd]p pda è!anaj_a ej

lanbkni]j_a âpsaaj KANT ]j` jkj/KANT k$_ano _]jjkp â atlh]eja` û

hksan mq]hepu na_nqepo0 Ip ]hok ]``naooao pda _kj_anj pd]p ej_na]oa` na_nqepiajp

kb _anp]ej cnkqlo iecdp hksan pda mq]hepu ej pda lkkh kb ]llhe_]jpo bnki pd]p

l]npe_qh]n cnkql0+.

Ckhqij 5 _kjoeàno pda k!ajoa lnk^]êhepu kb lkhe_a k$_ano ej pdaen "j]h ua]n

kb oanre_a0 Ao ej _khqijo 3/4 sa "j` jk oecje"_]jp è!anaj_a ej k!ajoa lnk^]êh/

epu âpsaaj KANT ]j` jkj/KANT k$_ano âbkna kn ]bpan 3<830 Ckhqij 6 hkkgo

]p ] è!anajp kqp_kia= pda atepejc k$_an)o "j]h _d]n]_pan ]ooaooiajp. sde_d

i]u n]jca bnki ZB]`' *2+ pk ZEtailh]nu' *6+0 Ac]ej sa "j` pd]p KANT k$/

_ano ha]rejc pda bkn_a ]bpan pda "nop aha_pekj d]` ] ohecdphu sknoa kran]hh _kj`q_p

pd]j pdaen bahhks jkj/KANT atepejc k$_ano. ^qp pd]p è!anaj_a eo jkp op]peope/

_]hhu oecje"_]jp0 Oran]hh. pdaoa naoqhpo oqccaop pd]p pda kôanra` àpanekn]pejc

èo_elheja kb KANT k$_ano ]bpan 3<83 eo jkp `qa pk ]j atep kb èolnklknpekj]hhu

sahh/lanbkniejc KANT lkhe_aiaj0

$'Rc` kmjkjmodji ja ECK? j$^`mn *\i_ Idfptp di k\mod^pg\m+ di^m`\n`_ no`\_dgt jq`m jpmn\hkg` k`mdj_- rcdg` oc` kmjkjmodji ja I\h\opn\ \i_ Jpj j$^`mn r\n *ngdbcogt+ _`^gdidib/@po- oc` k`majmh\i^` `!`ôn \m` qdnd]g` ajm \gg ocm`` òcid^ bmjpkn- \i_ \ Ykjjg& `!`ô ^\iijo\^^jpio ajm oc` h\di m`npgon/ Rcdn dn ncjri di "bpm` ?/3/

49

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(#% .CF?RGLN?I /F?KEC

S]^ha 6 lnaoajpo pda naoqhpo kb ] oaneao kb ejère`q]h "ta`/a!a_po nacnaooekjo ]o/

oaooejc pda atpajp pk sde_d kqn i]ej "jèjc _]j â atlh]eja` û âd]rekn]h

_d]jcao0 Ckhqijo 3/5 _kil]na KANT pk jkj/KANT k$_ano ]j` _khqijo 6/9

hkkg ]p pda KANT apdje_ cnkqlo oal]n]pahu0 Sk ajoqna pd]p sa ]na _]lpqnejc

âd]rekn]h _d]jcao kb k$_ano oanrejc pdnkqcdkqp pda lanek` kb _d]jcejc apdje_

lksan op]pqo. sa _kjopnq_p ] oaneao kb pailkn]h. Z^]h]j_a`' l]jaho pd]p naopne_p

pda o]ilha pk k$_ano sdk oanra` pdnkqcdkqp pd]p peia. at_hqèjc ]hh iaj sdk

ajpana` kn atepa` `qnejc pda o]ia peia lanek`0

Ckhqij 3 lnaoajpo naoqhpo sepd ejère`q]h "ta` a!a_po bkn pda bqhh o]ilha0

Ckhqij 4 lnaoajpo pda naoqhpo bkn k$_ano pd]p oanra` bkn ]p ha]op paj ua]no *3<7;/

3<8;+ ]j` atlaneaj_a` ]hh pda lkhepe_]h odk_go sa ]na ejpanaopa` ej0 Ckhqij 5

odkso pda _ka$_eajp aopei]pao bkn ] ohecdphu haoo naopne_pera oap kb k$_ano> pdkoa

pd]p oanra` ]p ha]op `qnejc kja kb pda l]jaho ej _khqijo 6/90 Ij ]hh _]oao. pda

ejpan]_pekj pani oqccaopo pd]p pda ]ran]ca KANT k$_an s]o ]^kqp 5( ikna hegahu

pk _kiiep ]j k!ajoa lkop/3<83 pd]j ] jkj/KANT k$_an0 Nkpa pda oeieh]nepu

ej pda oeva kb pda a!a_p _kil]na` pk _khqij 6 ej p]^ha 40 Ckhqijo 5/8 odks

pd]p pdeo âd]rekn]h a!a_p dkhò bkn j]nnksan peia sej`kso ]j` a]_d kb pda i]ej

apdje_ cnkqlo sepdej pda KANT _k]hepekj. ]hpdkqcd pdaoa ejère`q]h a!a_po ]na

jkp ]hs]uo oecje"_]jp0 Mkop eilknp]jphu. pda naoqhpo ej _khqij 9 oqccaop pd]p

KANT lkhe_a k$_ano `k jkp fqop _d]jca pdaen âd]rekn sdaj pdaen cnkql â_kiao

l]np kb pda nqhejc l]npu. ^qp ]hok sdaj ep `nklo kqp= ] Lqk k$_an oanrejc âpsaaj

3<86 ]j` 3<8; na`q_ao deo lnk^]êhepu kb _kiieppejc ]j k!ajoa kj ]ran]ca û

33( ]bpan 3<87 _kil]na` pk ] jkj/KANT k$_an0 Oran]hh. pdaoa naoqhpo oqccaop

pd]p ] _kjoeopajp âd]rekn]h odebp ]__kqjpo bkn pda kôanra` apdje_ è!anajpe]ho ej

4<

èo_elheja lkop/3<830+/

Fecqna 6= E!a_p kb KANT pna]piajp kj è!anajp k!ajoa kqp_kiao

Commendable Behavior

Disobedient

Dirty

Serious Offense

Drunk

Absent

Any Offense

−0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05

Full Balanced

Ljo`n< Rc` "bpm` kgjon ^j`$^dìon ja jpm h\di nk`^d"^\odji rdoc di_dqd_p\g "s`_ `!`ôn dioc` ]\g\i^`_ k\i`g ja 2317 kjgd^`hì \i_ oc` apgg n\hkg` ja 7895 kjgd^`hì/ Rc`^jmm`nkji_dib o\]g` ^\i ]` ajpi_ di oc` jigdi` \kkì_ds *o\]g` ?/7+/

Fecqna 6 odkso a!a_po bkn è!anajp pulao kb k!ajoao oal]n]pahu. nahuejc kj pda

"ta` a!a_po ola_e"_]pekj0 Sda àpanekn]pekj ej âd]rekn ]lla]no pk â `neraj

û ]ôajpaaeoi ]j` `nqjgajjaoo0 Sda a!a_po ]na oi]hh bkn pda ikop oq^fa_pera

k!ajoa pulao. ènpejaoo ]j` èokâèaj_a ej l]npe_qh]n0 Ap pda ^kppki. sa odks

pda a!a_po kb pda KANT pna]piajp kj Z_kiiaj`]^ha âd]rekn'0 Qa_knà` ckk`

âd]rekn eo iq_d n]nan ej kqn o]ilha pd]j ^]` âd]rekqn *pdana ]na fqop 42;

oq_d _]oao. ]j` ep ej_hqào bkn at]ilha Zokhrejc _neiao' ]j` Z]nnaopejc _neie/

j]ho'+0 Sda _knnaolkjèjc _ka$_eajp eo ejoecje"_]jp. ok KANT k$_ano `k jkp

]lla]n pk na`q_a Z_kiiaj`]^ha âd]rekn'0 Oran]hh. pdaoa naoqhpo ]hhare]pa _kj/

_anjo kb ê]oa` nalknpejc û pda oajekn k$_ano sdk ajpan k!ajoao0 Sda ej_na]oa`

ieoâd]rekn eo opnkjcaop bkn ikna k^fa_pera ]_po kb ieo_kj`q_p0 Ij ]`èpekj. sa

$(R\]g` ?/5 ncjrn oc` h\di m`npgon rdoc \i_ rdocjpo "s`_ `!`ôn ajm j!ìn` ^jpion di MJQ\i_ Njdnnji/ R\]g` ?/6 km`nìon \ o`hkjm\g kg\^`]j o`no ajm oc` "s`_ `!`ôn nk`^d"^\odji- ]tncdaodib oc` I?LS om`\ohìo orj t`\mn ajmr\m_/

52

`k jkp oaa ] à_na]oa ej Z_kiiaj`]^ha âd]rekn'0 Ckiiaj`]^ha âd]rekn eo

]j kqp_kia kb sde_d pda nalknpejc *_kjèpekj]h kj âd]rekn+ odkqh` â ikna ]p

pda èo_napekj kb pda oajekn k$_ano pd]j pda nalknpejc kb ^]` âd]rekn0 Rk. pda

ejoecje"_]jp lkoepera a!a_p lnkreào ]`èpekj]h areàj_a ]c]ejop èo_neiej]pknu

nalknpejc0

) 2QNPFCN NCOQIPO

)#$ 0GRGOGLK ?KB GKBGRGBQ?I AF?N?APCNGOPGAO

Vdeha pda "ta` a!a_p ]j]huoeo kb p]^ha 6 ]__kqjpo bkn ] h]nca oap kb _kjbkqjèjc

b]_pkno. pda naoqhpo _kqh` opehh _]lpqna pda peia/r]nuejc eil]_p kb _d]n]_paneope_o

pd]p ]na _knnah]pa` sepd apdje_epu0 Ij ]`èpekj. pda ^]_gcnkqj` ]j` ]ooecjiajp

_d]n]_paneope_o kb lkhe_aiaj ]hok dahl pk qjànop]j` sdk eo ikop naolkjoera pk

pda KANT pna]piajp0 Rq_d dapankcajakqo a!a_po _kqh` dahl qo pk qj_kran pda

ia_d]jeoi pdnkqcd sde_d lkhepe_]h `kiej]j_a ]!a_po âd]rekn0 Sdeo oa_pekj

atlhknao pda nkha kb pdaoa èreoekj/harah ]j` ejère`q]h/harah _d]n]_paneope_o0

Ij lnej_elha. pda _d]jcejc âd]rekn kôanra` ej S]^ha 6 _kqh` â pda naoqhp

kb laan a!a_po ]j` pda ]ooecjiajp kb KANT k$_ano pk èreoekjo sepd lkknan

èo_elheja ]bpan 3<830 Sda lkhe_a na_knò pn]_g ]ooecjiajp pk 52 *cakcn]lde_]h+

lkhe_a èreoekjo. ^qp `kao jkp lnkreà ejbkni]pekj kj lkopejco pk oi]hhan qjepo0

S]^ha 7 ejpnk`q_ao èreoekj/ua]n "ta` a!a_po ej ]`èpekj pk ejère`q]h "ta` a!a_po.

sde_d ]hhks a]_d èreoekj pk atlaneaj_a odk_go pk âd]rekqn pd]p ]na _kiikj pk

]hh apdje_ cnkqlo0 Eraj ej pdeo ài]jèjc ola_e"_]pekj. qoejc kjhu sepdej/èreoekj

r]ne]pekj. sa "j` pd]p lkhe_aiaj âd]ra sknoa sdaj pdau c]ej lkhepe_]h lksan

pdnkqcd KANT0+0 Haj_a. èreoekj/harah laan a!a_po ]na qj]^ha pk atlh]ej pda lkkn

$)Bdqdndji.g`q`g h`\npm`n ja òcid^ _dq`mndot \i_ oc` Eì`m\g Q`mqd^` Sido *oc` hjno kjgdod^\g

53

Fecqna 7= Hapankcajakqo a!a_po

KANU x Post 61

KANU x Post 61x Homeland

−0.10 −0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

Stationed in EthnicHomeland

KANU x Post 61

KANU x Post 61x Home District

−0.10 −0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

Stationed in Home District

KANU x Post 61

KANU x Post 61x Division

Ethnic Share

−0.10 −0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

Ethnic Dominancein Division

KANU x Post 61

KANU x Post 61x Rank

−0.10 −0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

Ranks (0−3 scale)

KANU x Post 61

KANU x Post 61x Ethnic Share

Corporals

−0.10 −0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

Ethnic Dominancein Corporals

KANU x Post 61

KANU x Post 61x Ethnic Share

Sergants

−0.10 −0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

Ethnic Dominancein Sergants

KANU x Post 61

KANU x Post 61x Literate

−0.10 −0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

Literacy

KANU x Post 61

KANU x Post 61x Any Schooling

−0.10 −0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

Schooling

Full Balanced

Ljo`n< Rcdn "bpm` ncjrn oc` mjg` ja 7 ^jq\md\o`n/ T` `nodh\o` oc` h\di nk`^d"^\odji- rdocI?LS.òcid^dot.^jq\md\o` "s`_ `!`ôn- t`\m.^jq\md\o` "s`_ `!`ôn- \i_ oc` dio`m\ôdji ja jpmI?LS om`\ohìo q\md\]g` rdoc oc` ^jq\md\o`/ Rc` ^jmm`nkji_dib o\]g`n- rcd^c \gnj di^gp_`nk`^d"^\odjin ^jiomjggdib ajm `\^c ^jq\md\o`- ^\i ]` ajpi_ di oc` jigdi` \kkì_ds o\]g`n ?/8-?/9- ?/;- ?/21- ?/22- ?/23/

54

S]^ha 7= Dereoekj Feta` E!a_po

8!CKOC

*3+ *4+ *5+

KANT " Pkop 83 2024<,,, 20256,,, 20248,,

*2022<+ *20233+ *20234+

Ijère`q]h FE Xao Xao XaoDereoekj/ua]n FE Xao Xao XaoOôanr]pekjo 6366< 39;;4 35278

Chqopano 8368 3<88 33<3

R]ilha Fqhh R]ilha Ckiêja` B]h]j_a` P]jahY3<79.3<92[ Y3<7;.3<8;[ Y3<7;.3<8;[

Ljo`n< ?gg m`bm`nndjin di^gp_` di_dqd_p\g \i_ _dqdndji.t`\m "s`_ `!`ôn/ Rc`t \gnj ^jiomjgajm oc` gìboc ja oc` t`\m di oc` "mno \i_ "i\g t`\m ja n`mqd^`/ Rc` Y^jh]di`_& k\i`gn \m`_`n^md]`_ di oc` ijo`n ja o\]g` 5/ M]n`mq\odjin rdocjpo _dqdndji diajmh\odji \m` _mjkk`_amjh oc` n\hkg`/ Cnodh\o`n ndbid"^\io \o oc` 1/16 *1/21- 1/12+ g`q`g \m` h\mf`_ rdoc ,, *,-,,,+/ Qo\i_\m_ `mmjmn \m` ^gpno`m`_ \o oc` di_dqd_p\g g`q`g/

lanbkni]j_a kb KANT k$_ano0

Al]np bnki laan a!a_po ]p pda harah kb lkhe_a èreoekjo. pda cakcn]ldu kb pda

lkopejc _kqh` ]hok i]ppan0 Ij pda _khkje]h lanek`. pda atpajp pk sde_d apdje_

cnkqlo _kqh` lkhe_a pdaen ksj dkiah]jò s]o heiepa`0 Sdaknape_]hhu. pda a!a_p

kb oanrejc ej pda dkiah]jò eo jkp _ha]n/_qp0 Oj pda kja d]j`. âejc op]pekja`

ej dkiah]jò iecdp lnkreà ikna haeoqna kllknpqjepeao ]j` i]ga pdai ikna

hegahu pk odeng0 Oj pda kpdan d]j`. âejc op]pekja` _hkoa pk pdaen b]ieheao iecdp

i]ga lkhe_aiaj ikna gaaj pk gaal pdaen fkô. ]j` oanrejc b]n ]s]u bnki kja)o

dkia iecdp na`q_a skng o]peob]_pekj0 Fkn at]ilha. Bk. Fej]j ]j` Qkooe *4235+

aopei]pa pda _kilajo]pekj lq^he_ oanr]jpo namqena pk skng ej naikpa hk_]pekjo0+1

Fecqna 7 ejraopec]pao dapankcajaepu ej pda KANT lksan a!a_p. ]j` pda qllan habp

kjgd^` pido+ \m` ijo _mdqdib oc` m`npgon *o\]g`n ?/26 \i_ ?/24+- ijm _j oc`t nomìbocì ocÌ?LS kjr`m `!`ô/

$*@`dib no\odji`_ di cjh`g\i_n ^jpg_ \gnj dhkmjq` kjgd^` `!`ôdqì`nn ocmjpbc oc` dio`m\^.odjin rdoc oc` gj^\g kjkpg\odji< Jt\gg *3121+ "i_n ajm `s\hkg` oc\o ^j.òcid^ n`^pmdot k`mnjii`g\m` hjm` `!`ôdq` ^jpio`m.dinpmbìon/ Ma ^jpmn`- jpm h`\npm` ja kjgd^` k`majmh\i^` dn nomdôgtdio`mi\g- \i_ h\t ijo ^\kopm` np^c `!`ôn/

55

oq^/"cqna ejraopec]pao pda nkha kb âejc op]pekja` ej kja)o apdje_ dkiah]j`0 Sdana

eo jk areàj_a pd]p pda i]ej pna]piajp a!a_p eo opnkjcan bkn KANT k$_ano oanrejc

ej pdaen dkiah]j`0 Sda qllan necdp _ka$_eajp lhkp hkkgo ]p pda nkha kb âejc

op]pekja` ej kja)o èopne_p kb ênpd. ]j` oeieh]nhu "jò jk areàj_a kb è!anajpe]h

a!a_po0 Sda _knnaolkjèjc p]^hao ej pda kjheja ]llajèt *p]^hao A09 ]j` A0;+

ej_hqà è!anajp ia]oqnao kb âejc lkopa` ej kja)o dkia nacekj ]o _kjpnkho w pdaoa

ia]oqnao jkp atlh]ej pda _d]jcejc âd]rekn kb KANT lkhe_aiaj0

Sdnaa kb pda _ajpn]h lhkpo ej "cqna 7 paop sdapdan pda KANT a!a_p eo opnkjcan

bkn lkhe_aiaj sdkoa apdje_epu eo ikna lnkiejajp ej pdaen èreoekj0 Sda _d]jcejc

âd]rekn kb KANT k$_ano p]gao lh]_a ej ] _kjpatp kb ej_na]oa` lksan kb pdaen

apdje_ cnkqlo ]p pda j]pekj]h harah0 Hksaran. pda Zhk_]h `kiej]j_a' kb kja)o ksj

apdje_ cnkql. ]p pda harah kb lkhe_a èreoekjo. `kao jkp ]lla]n pk _kjpne^qpa pk

pda àpanekn]pekj kb èo_elheja0 Sdeo eo pda _]oa ^kpd bkn ] ia]oqna kb kran]hh

jqiane_]h opnajcpd. ]j` ia]oqnao bkn pda nalnaoajp]pekj kb kja)o apdje_ cnkql

]ikjc pda decdan lkhe_a n]jgo. sdk _kqh` ej lnej_elha d]ra âaj ikna hajeajp0+2

Va ]hok _]jjkp _kj"ni pda kllkoepa dulkpdaoeo= pd]p k$_ano ieoâd]ra ikna

sdaj pdau ]na i]p_da` pk oajekno bnki kpdan apdje_epeao. aepdan â_]qoa oq_d ]

ieoi]p_d eo _kj`q_era bkn ieoâd]rekn. kn â_]qoa oajekn k$_ano ]na ikna hegahu

pk nalknp pda k!ajoao kb jkj/_k/apdje_ fqjekno sdaj pda h]ppan)o apdje_ cnkqlo ]na

ej lksan0

A pden` oap kb lhkpo ej "cqna 7 at]iejao pda nkha kb ejère`q]h _d]n]_paneope_o0 A

lkhe_ai]j)o n]jg `kao jkp _ha]nhu ]!a_p pda KANT lksan a!a_p0 Ip eo ejpanaopejc

pk jkpe_a pd]p pda ej_na]oa` k!ajoao ]na jkp `neraj û hksan n]jgo *sde_d skqh`

$+Gi gdi` rdoc oc` d_`\ oc\o _jhdi\i^` h\oo`mn \o \ cdbc`m g`q`g oc\i oc` _dqdndji- r` "i_ \kjndodq` dio`m\ôdji ja jpm h\di om`\ohìo q\md\]g` rdoc \i di_d^\ojm ajm rcòc`m oc` YNmjqdi^d\gNjgd^` M$^`m& voc` j$^`m ^jhh\i_dib \ kjgd^` m`bdji *^jh]didib hpgodkg` \i_ cd`m\m^cd^\ggt\]jq` kjgd^` _dqdndjin+ dn amjh oc` n\h` òcid^ bmjpk/ Rcdn dio`m\ôdji dn g\mb` di h\bidop_`]po ijo ndbid"^\io *o\]g` ?/25+/

56

eilhu ] jac]pera pnelha ejpan]_pekj+0 Ij pda hecdp kb pdeo naoqhp. ep oaaio qjhegahu

bkn at]ilha pd]p KANT lkhe_aiaj ]na ^qhhea` ejpk ieoâd]rekn û decdan/harah

k$_ano0 Mkrejc pk pda ^kppki lhkpo. pda KANT lksan a!a_p eo _ha]nhu opnkjcan

bkn âppan a`q_]pa` lkhe_aiaj0 Va qoa psk ia]oqnao kb a`q_]pekj]h ^]_gcnkqj`0

Fenop. pda lanokjjah na_knò op]pa sdapdan pda na_nqep oecja` kn pdqi^/lnejpa` deo

oanre_a naceopan. sde_d _]j â ejpanlnapa` ]o ] lnktu bkn hepan]_u0,) Va ]hok d]ra

ejbkni]pekj ]^kqp sdapdan pda lkhe_ai]j d]o ]ju bkni]h o_dkkhejc. sde_d eo pda

_]oa bkn ]^kqp 52( kb kqn i]ej o]ilha0 Ip eo lkooe^ha pd]p hepan]pa lkhe_aiaj ]na

ikna naolkjoera pk pda KANT lksan pna]piajp â_]qoa pdau ]na ikna lkhepe_]hhu

]s]na0 Ahpanj]perahu. hepan]pa lkhe_aiaj _kqh` d]ra âppan kqpoeà klpekjo / ej

na]hepu kn ej *enn]pekj]h+ atla_p]pekj0 Sda lh]qoeêhepu kb kqpoeà klpekjo ]o ]

`neran kb odengejc âd]rekqn sehh â atlhkna` bqnpdan ej pda jatp oqôa_pekjo0

)#% 9NLJLPGLK ?KB MQKGOFJCKP

Oja s]u pk n]pekj]heva pda ej_na]oa` ieo_kj`q_p kb KANT k$_ano eo pdnkqcd pda

ejpanj]h _]naan lnkcnaooekj ej pda lkhe_a0 Sda s]u pda lkhe_a èo_elhejao epo n]jg/

]j`/"ha iecdp â oq_d pd]p lkhepe_]hhu lksanbqh apdje_ cnkqlo ]na lqjeoda` haoo bkn

ieo_kj`q_p0 Pqjeodiajpo _]j p]ga è!anajp bknio ej pdeo _kjpatp0 O!ajàno _]j

â àjea` lnkikpekj kllknpqjepeao. pdau _]j â "ja`. ]j` pdau _]j â èoieooa`0

Va sehh paop eb pdaoa naolkjoao pk k!ajoa deopkneao _d]jca sdaj apdje_ cnkqlo hkoa

kn c]ej lksan pdnkqcd KANT0

Ij p]^ha 8. sa paop dks pda ]ran]ca ]jjq]h jqiân kb k!ajoao ej ] lkhe_a/

i]j)o _]naan ]!a_p deo lnkikpekj lnkola_po0 Ij cajan]h. decdan l]op k!ajoa n]pao

i]ga lnkikpekjo haoo hegahu ]j` èoieoo]ho ikna hegahu0 Ijpanaopejchu. pdana eo jk

areàj_a pd]p KANT k$_ano ]na lnkikpa` kn èoieooa` è!anajphu. ^kpd sdaj

%"Qdbi\opm` gdo`m\^t dn rd_`gt pn`_ \hjib cdnojmd\in *P\^c\g- 2;98+/

57

S]^ha 8= C]naan Pnkcnaooekj Ckjèpekj]h kj Ckj`q_p

,>=;=@7=< '7?;7??/9 -3?75</@7=<*2+ *3+ *4+ *5+ *6+ *7+

I?LS " Njno 72 1/112 1/113 1/125 1/118 .1/125 .1/119*1/113+ *1/113+ *1/122+ *1/122+ *1/119+ *1/11;+

Aphpg\odq` j!ìn` m\o` .1/128,,, 1/427,,, 1/121*k`m t`\m+ *1/113+ *1/128+ *1/122+

I?LS " Njno 72 1/112 .1/116 1/112 1/144 .1/135 .1/166,," Aphpg\odq` j!ìn` m\o` *1/113+ *1/115+ *1/136+ *1/148+ *1/126+ *1/135+

M!ìn`.I?LS Cocid^ C!`ôn Lj V`n Lj V`n Lj V`nM!ìn`.V`\m C!`ôn Lj V`n Lj V`n Lj V`n

M]n`mq\odjin 5579; 5579; 5579; 5579; 5579; 5579;Agpno`mn 7895 7895 7895 7895 7895 7895

Ljo`n< P`bm`nndjin ajm oc` apgg n\hkg` k`mdj_ *2;68.2;81+/ ?gg m`bm`nndjin di^gp_` t`\m-oìpm`- \i_ òcid^ bmjpk "s`_ `!`ôn/ T` \gnj ^jiomjg ajm oc` gìboc ja oc` t`\m di oc`"mno \i_ "i\g t`\m ja n`mqd^`/ M!ìn`.I?LS òcid^ "s`_ `!`ôn dio`m\ô oc` ^phpg\odq`j!ìn` m\o` q\md\]g` rdoc \ _phht `lp\g oj ji` ajm \gg òcid^dod`n oc\o \m` k\mo ja I?LS\o njh` kjdio *E`h\- I\h\opn\- \i_ Jpj+/ Rc` jpo^jh` di ^jgphin *2+ \i_ *3+ dn \ m\ifdi_`s o\fdib q\gp`n ]òr`ì 1 \i_ 4/ Cnodh\o`n ndbid"^\io \o oc` 1/16 *1/21- 1/12+ g`q`g \m`h\mf`_ rdoc ,, *,- ,,,+/ Qo\i_\m_ `mmjmn \m` ^gpno`m`_ \o oc` di_dqd_p\g g`q`g/

S]^ha 9= Pqjeodiajp Ckjèpekj]h kj Ckiieppejc ]j O!ajoa

)=5"(7<3# $<C ,A<7?6;3<@

*2+ *3+ *4+ *5+

I?LS " Njno 72 1/116 1/224 1/118 .1/13;

*1/147+ *1/1;4+ *1/12;+ *1/155+

Cocid^ bmjpk Dds`_C!`ôn

V`n Lj V`n Lj

Gi_dqd_p\g Dds`_ C!`ôn Lj V`n Lj V`n

M]n`mq\odjin 7666 7666 9672 9672

Agpno`mn 4812 4812 5374 5374

Ljo`n< P`bm`nndjin ajm oc` apgg n\hkg` k`mdj_ *2;68.2;81+/ ?gg m`bm`nndjin \m` gdhdo`_ ojj$^`m.t`\m j]n`mq\odjin rdoc \o g`\no ji` j!ìn` *\i_ \ kjndodq` "i` \hjpio- ajm ^jgphin2 \i_ 3+/ Rc`t di^gp_` oìpm` "s`_ `!`ôn- t`\m "s`_ `!`ôn ]t j!ìn` otk` *\n di "bpm`6+- \i_ dio`m\ôdjin ja `\^c j!ìn` otk` rdoc \ _phht `lp\g oj ji` ajm \gg òcid^dod`n oc\o\m` k\mo ja I?LS \o njh` kjdio *E`h\- I\h\opn\- \i_ Jpj+/ Cnodh\o`n ndbid"^\io \o oc`1/16 *1/21- 1/12+ g`q`g \m` h\mf`_ rdoc ,, *,- ,,,+/ Qo\i_\m_ `mmjmn \m` ^gpno`m`_ \o oc`di_dqd_p\g g`q`g/

58

pdau `k ]j` sdaj pdau `k jkp d]ra ]j k!ajoa deopknu0 Oja s]u pk omq]na pdaoa

naoqhpo sepd pda ej_na]oa` k!ajoa lnk^]êhepeao kb KANT k$_ano eo pdnkqcd âp/

pan kqpoeà klpekjo0 Ib KANT lkhe_aiaj pdejg pdau _]j âja"p bnki lkhepe_]h

l]pnkj]ca kqpoeà kb pda lkhe_a. pdau _kqh` â sehhejc pk odeng ]j` _]nnu pda neog

kb èoieoo]h0 Hksaran. pda naoecj]pekj naoqhpo `k jkp ]lla]n pk _kj"ni pdeo ej/

panlnap]pekj0 KANT lkhe_aiaj ]na jkp ikna hegahu pk naoecj rkhqjp]nehu0 Fej]hhu.

p]^ha 9 ]j]huvao pda "jao ej ] o]ilha kb k$_an/ua]no sepd ]p ha]op kja k!ajoa0

Sda "nop psk _khqijo bk_qo kj "ja ]ikqjpo. sdeha pda h]ppan psk _khqijo bk_qo

kj sdapdan ]j k$_an eo lqjeoda` ]p ]hh0 Ij ^kpd _]oao. sa _kjpnkh ranu #ate^hu

bkn pda jqiân ]j` pulao kb k!ajoao _kiieppa`. ok pd]p sa _]lpqna sdapdan pda

KANT pna]piajp atlh]ejo pda l]np kb "jao kn lqjeodiajp qjatlh]eja` û pda

k!ajoa àp]eho ]j` kpdan k$_an _d]n]_paneope_o0 Fkn ^kpd "ja ]ikqjpo ]j` pda

lqjeodiajp ejè_]pkn. pdana eo jk areàj_a kb lnabanajpe]h pna]piajp0 Sda ]ôaj_a

kb b]rknepeoi ej pda eiiaè]pa lqjeodiajpo ]hok iepec]pao pda ^nk]àn _kj_anj kb

nalknpejc ê]o pk okia atpajp0 Ib oajekn k$_ano pnu pk i]ga heba d]nàn bkn KANT

cnkqlo. kja skqh` atla_p pdai pk ej_na]oa lqjeodiajpo _kjèpekj]h kj k!ajoao

]o sahh0 Sdana eo jk areàj_a kb oq_d èo_neiej]pknu odknp/nqj èo_elhejejc0

* 0GOAQOOGLK

Va _]j nqha kqp pd]p pda KANT a!a_p eo `neraj û cnkqlo ej lksan na_nqepejc

sknoa lkhe_aiaj0 Ijopa]`. ola_e"_]pekjo sepd k$_an "ta` a!a_po odksa` pd]p

ejère`q]ho _d]jca âd]rekn sdaj pdaen cnkql _kiao pk lksan0 Sda dapankcajakqo

a!a_po ej p]^ha 7 ]j` "cqna 7 ejè_]pa pd]p pdeo _]jjkp â ]ppne^qpa` pk pda lh]_a

kb lkopejc kn pk pda apdje_ _kilkoepekj ]p pda èreoekj harah0 Sda lkhe_a `kao

jkp oaai pk èo_neiej]pa KANT k$_ano lkoeperahu kn jac]perahu0 Ckjèpekj]h kj

59

k!ajèjc. KANT lkhe_aiaj ]na jkp lnkikpa`. èoieooa`. kn "ja` è!anajphu. ]o

odksj ej p]^hao 8 ]j` 90 Bqp pdaj. sdu skqh` lkhe_aiaj _d]jca âd]rekn sdaj

pdaen apdje_ cnkql eo ej lksan@

Ib pda ej_ajperao bkn ieoâd]rekn ]na jkp ejpanj]h pk pda lkhe_a. pdau _kqh` opehh

â atpanj]h. pdnkqcd eilnkra` kqpoeà klpekjo0 Vdeha sa d]ra jk `]p] kj pda

fk^ i]ngap lnkola_po kb lkhe_aiaj. sa `k kôanra rkhqjp]nu naoecj]pekjo bnki

pda bkn_a0 Ib KANT k$_ano b]na iq_d âppan ej pda cajan]h h]^kn i]ngap. sa

skqh` atla_p pdai pk ha]ra pda lkhe_a ikna kbpaj kj ] rkhqjp]nu ^]oeo0 S]^ha 8

oqccaopo pd]p pdeo `kao jkp d]llaj0 Sdeo eo ieh` *^qp _ha]nhu jkp _kj_hqoera+

areàj_a ]c]ejop kqpoeà _]naan klpekjo `nerejc kqn "jèjco0 Aj ]hpanj]pera at/

lh]j]pekj eo pd]p pda eilnkra` lnkola_po bkn KANT k$_ano ]na hejga` pk pdaen

nkha ej pda lkhe_a. bkn at]ilha eb pdau d]ra ikna kllknpqjepeao pk l]npe_el]pa ej

_knnqlp ]_perepeao0 Rq_d âd]rekn _kqh` ]__kqjp bkn pda ej_na]oa ej ]ôajpaaeoi.

eb lkhe_aiaj ]na sehhejc pk pn]à k! pdaoa a]njejc kllknpqjepeao ]c]ejop pda neog

kb ieooejc lnkikpekjo kn araj èoieoo]h0 Hksaran. ep eo d]nàn pk n]pekj]heva pda

ej_na]oa` `nqjgajjaoo ej pdeo atlh]j]pekj0 Oja ia_d]jeoi pd]p sa _]jjkp paop

èna_phu. ^qp eo _kjoeopajp sepd ]hh kqn "jèjco eo ] Zs]ni chks' a!a_p kb lkhep/

e_]h lksan0 Pkhepe_]h odk_go iecdp lneia apdje_ oqlaneknepu. ]j` ha]` pk sknoa

èo_elheja kb pda pna]pa` lkhe_aiaj. araj eb pda k^fa_pera ]j` i]pane]h ej_ajperao

bkn oq_d âd]rekn `k jkp _d]jca0 Sda hepan]pqna kj apdje_ èranoepu d]o eàjpe"a`

âd]rekn]h lneiejc a!a_po ej ranu è!anajp _kjpatpo0 Ij ] n]j`kieva` _kjpnkh

pne]h ej Ijè]. Hk! ]j` P]jàu *4234+ bkn at]ilha "j` pd]p hksan/_]opa o_dkkh

_deh`naj lanbkni sknoa sdaj pdaen _]opa eo iajpekja` âbkna p]gejc ] paop0 Ij

kqn _kjpatp. ep eo d]n` pk lnkra èna_phu pd]p sa ]na _]lpqnejc pda iana lnei/

ejc kb apdje_ `kiej]j_a w sa ]na j]pqn]hhu _kjopn]eja` û kqn deopkne_]h `]p]0

Rpehh. kqn naoqhpo odks pd]p oq`àj lkhepe_]h odk_go _]j _d]jca pda nah]pekjodel

5;

âpsaaj apdje_ eàjpepeao ]j` fk^ lanbkni]j_a pdnkqcd ejère`q]h âd]rekqn0 Ij

l]npe_qh]n. sa "j` pd]p ]j apdje_ cnkql)o ej_hqoekj ej pda nqhejc l]npu d]o eiia/

è]pa a!a_po kj pda `]u/pk/`]u bqj_pekjejc kb pdaen cnkql iaiâno ej kja kb pda

ikop eilknp]jp ^n]j_dao kb pda op]pa)o ]ìejeopn]pekj. pda lkhe_a0 Va kôanra

pdaoa _d]jcao ej âd]rekn araj pdkqcd pdana ]na jk _ha]n _]naan ej_ajperao0 Sdeo

ia]jo pd]p pda a!a_po kb lkhepe_]h `kiej]j_a _]j kjhu â atlh]eja` û oq^pha

ia_d]jeoio. oq_d ]o ] _kj"àj_a ^kkop pneccana` û lkhepe_]h odk_go0

+ /LKAIQOGLKO

Dqnejc Kaju])o lkhepe_]h pn]joepekj KANT aianca` ]o pda `kiej]jp lkhepe_]h

lksan. ]ôknêjc kn kqph]sejc epo _kilapepkno0 Vdeha b]rknepeoi ]j` lkhepe_]h

l]pnkj]ca d]ra âaj `k_qiajpa` ej lnarekqo naoa]n_d kj Kaju] *a0c0. Bqncaoo

ap ]h0. 4237> Kn]ikj ]j` Pkojan. 4238+. kqn l]lan haran]cao qjemqa `]p] kj pda

`]u/pk/`]u âd]rekn kb ejère`q]h lq^he_ oanr]jpo ej kja kb pda ikop eilknp]jp

lq^he_ ]ìejeopn]pekjo= pda lkhe_a0 Toejc ejère`q]h na_knò kb 8.9;6 Kaju]j

lkhe_aiaj âpsaaj 3<79 ]j` 3<92. sa "j` pd]p ]bpan pda "nop iqhpel]npu aha_pekj

ej 3<83 lkhe_a k$_ano bnki apdje_epeao ]ook_e]pa` sepd KANT op]np _kj`q_pejc

k!ajoao ]p ] oecje"_]jphu decdan n]pa pd]j jkj/KANT k$_ano0 Ijraopec]pejc pdeo

naoqhp bqnpdan. sa odks pd]p pdeo eo jkp `qa pk oaha_pejc sknoa na_nqepo kn atepejc

kb l]npe_qh]nhu ckk` lanbkniejc k$_ano. ^qp `qa pk ] _d]jca ej âd]rekn kb pda

o]ia ejère`q]ho ]bpan 3<830 Sdeo odebp ej âd]rekn `kao jkp oaai pk â `neraj kn

opnajcpdaja` û pda _d]n]_paneope_o kb pda èreoekjo ej sde_d pdaoa lkhe_aiaj sana

oanrejc. ^qp oaaio pk â ikna lnkiejajp ej hepan]pa ]j` ikna decdhu a`q_]pa`

k$_ano0 Fejèjc jk areàj_a kb è!anajpe]h lnkikpekj kn lqjeodiajp âpsaaj

KANT ]j` jkj/KANT. sa èoieoo ia_d]jeoio nahuejc kj kqpoeà klpekjo ^]oa`

5<

kj lkhepe_]h l]pnkj]ca ]llkejpiajpo0 Ijopa]` kqn "jèjco oaai pk â _kjoeopajp

sepd ] Zs]ni chks' kb lksan a!a_p0 Sda aiancaj_a kb apdje_ lkhepe_o ej pda

]bpani]pd kb pda "nop aha_pekj iecdp d]ra _na]pa` ] oajoa kb âejc ailksana`.

sde_d ej#qaj_a` pda âd]rekn kb pdkoa k$_ano apdje_]hhu ]ook_e]pa` sepd pda

nqhejc l]npu0

Sda ie_nk/areàj_a kb pdeo l]lan oqccaopo pd]p apdje_ lkhepe_o od]la lq^he_

oanre_a lnkreoekj. jkp fqop pdnkqcd pda èna_p ]hhk_]pekj kb lq^he_ ckkò. ^qp ]hok

pdnkqcd pda âd]rekn kb apdje_ cnkqlo sepdej pda op]pa)o ^qna]q_n]_u0 Qa/^qehèjc

]j` bkniejc pda lq^he_ oanre_a ej lnklknpekj pk lklqh]pekj od]nao kb apdje_epeao

kn nacekjo eo ] à_h]na` ck]h kb Kaju])o Pkhe_a ]j` Aniu *Ckjopepqpekj kb Kaju]

Anpe_ha 46816 ]j` 46316+. ]j` Fn]j&_keo. Q]ejan ]j` Sna^ê *4237+ `k_qiajp oq_d

lnklknpekj]hepu ]p decdan haraho kb ckranjiajp ikna cajan]hhu ej Abne_]0 Hksaran.

oq_d lkhe_eao i]u jkp _kqjpan pda a!a_po kb lkhepe_]h `kiej]j_a `k_qiajpa` ej

kqn l]lan0

62

;CDCNCKACO

Afqhq. Qkg0 42240 ZPkhepe_eoa` apdje_epu. _kilapepera lkhepe_o ]j` _kj#e_p ejKaju]= A deopkne_]h lanola_pera0' 1MXPJHU DZ[KPLY 83*4+=473w48;0

Aga_d. Ji Mec]e0 42270 ZPq^he_ L]s U]hqao ]j` pda Pkhepe_o kb Cneiej]h*Ij+Jqope_a= Cna]pejc A Daik_n]pe_ Fn]iaskng bkn Pkhe_ejc ej Kaju]0' @^%

MVXK FUP\LXYPZ_ 3VTTVU]LHSZO =H] ;V[XUHS 7*4+=447w4780

Ahaoej]. Ahânpk. Qav] B]men ]j` Vehhe]i E]opanhu0 3<<<0 ZPq^he_ ckkò ]jàpdje_ èreoekjo0' B[HXZLXS_ ;V[XUHS VM 5JVUVTPJY 336*6+=3465 34;60

Ajànokj. D]re` M0 42240 ZUeceh]jpao. Uekhaj_a ]j` pda Pkhepe_o kb Pq^he_ Onànej Kaju]0' 1MXPJHU 1!HPXY 323=753w7640

Ajànokj. D]re` M0 42270 ZXkqno ej Rpnqccha bkn M]fei^k0 N]pekj]heoi ]j` pdaP]npu Pkhepe_o kb Da_khkjev]pekj ej Kaju]. 3<77/860' ;V[XUHS VM 3VUZLTWVXHX_

8PYZVX_ 62*5+=769w7860

Aqan^]_d. Jkodq] N0 42250 ZPkhe_a A__kqjp]êhepu ej Kaju]0' 1MXPJHU 8[THU

CPNOZY =H] ;V[XUHS ll0 497w5350

B]janfaa. A^defep ]j` Eopdan Dq#k0 42280 ZA``naooejc Aôaj_a0' ;V[XUHS VM

5JVUVTPJ ALXYWLJZP\LY 42*3+=339w3540

B]janfaa. A^defep. Q]cd]âj`n] Cd]ppkl]`du]u. Eopdan Dq#k. D]jeah Kajeopkj]j` Nej] Rejcd0 42340 ZC]j Ijopepqpekjo â Qabknia` bnki Vepdej@ Ereàj_abnki ] Q]j`kieva` Etlaneiajp sepd pda Q]f]opd]j Pkhe_a0' >PTLV 0

Bajjapp. Gaknca0 3<830 ZKaju])o Fnqopn]pa` Eha_pekj0' EOL GVXSK EVKH_

39*8+=476w4830

Banpn]j`. M]ne]jja. Qkêj Bqncaoo. Anqjeod Cd]sh] ]j` Gqk Wq0 42370 ZSdaDapaniej]jpo ]j` Ckjoamqaj_ao kb Bqna]q_n]pe_ E!a_perajaoo= Ereàj_a bnkipda Ijè]j Aìejeopn]pera Ranre_a0' GVXRPUN WHWLX 0

Bk. Enjaopk D]h. Fnaàne_k Fej]j ]j` M]npej Qkooe0 42350 ZRpnajcpdajejc Rp]paC]l]êhepeao= Sda Qkha kb Fej]j_e]h Ij_ajperao ej pda C]hh pk Pq^he_ Ranre_a0'?25C GVXRPUN AHWLX ?V& (.(,- 0

Bqncaoo. Qkêj. Qaie Ja`s]^. E`s]n` Mecqah. Aiaap Mknf]ne] ]j` Gan]n`P]`nk/e Mecqah0 42370 ZSda U]hqa kb Daik_n]_u= Ereàj_a bnki Qk]` Bqehèjcej Kaju]0' 1TLXPJHU 5JVUVTPJ CL\PL] 327*8+=3;39w3;730

C]hhaj. Me_d]ah. R]]` Gqhv]n. Ahe H]o]j]ej. X]oen Kd]j ]j` Ani]j Qav]aa042370 ZPanokj]hepeao ]j` Pq^he_ Ra_pkn Panbkni]j_a= Ereàj_a bnki ] Ha]hpdEtlaneiajp ej P]geop]j0' ?25C GVXRPUN AHWLX ?V& )((.' 0

63

C]hhaj. Me_d]ah. R]]` Gqhv]n. Rua` Ahe H]o]j]ej ]j` X]oen0 42380 ZSda Pkhepe_]hE_kjkiu kb Pq^he_ Ra_pkn Aôaj_a= Etlaneiajp]h Ereàj_a bnki P]geop]j0'NBEQ Vkngejc P]lan Nk0 445620

Ch]upkj. Ajpdkju0 3<;<0 <LU_H0 Mkjkcn]ldo ej ejpanj]pekj]h opqèao0 ]bne_]oaneao > jk0 73 a`0 Apdajo. Odek= Odek Tjeranoepu Cajpan bkn Ijpanj]pekj]hRpqèao ll0 32<w3630

Cksaj. Me_d]ah ]j` K]ênq Keju]jfqe0 3<990 ZRkia lnk^haio kb _]lep]h ]j`_h]oo ej Kaju]0' 9UYZPZ[ZL MVX 4L\LSVWTLUZ DZ[KPLY 0

Cn]sbkn`. Qksaj] ]j` Qe_d]n` Deojau0 42360 ZQabkni kb lkhe_a lajoekjo ejEjch]j` ]j` V]hao0' ;V[XUHS VM A[ISPJ 5JVUVTPJY 338=84w940

Da Lq_]. Ge]_kik. Qkh]j` Hk`han. P]qh A0 Q]o_dgu ]j` Me_daha U]hoa__de0 42370ZEpdje_ F]rknepeoi= ]j Ateki kb Pkhepe_o0' 35D9MV GVXRPUN AHWLX *74<2+0

Daoiap. Kh]qo. Icj]_ek Onpqjk/Onpej ]j` Qki]ej V]_ve]nc0 42340 ZSda Pk/hepe_]h E_kjkiu kb Lejcqeope_ Cha]r]cao0' ;V[XUHS VM 4L\LSVWTLUZ 5JVUVTPJY

<9*4+=544w55;0

Dq#k. Eopdan. Qai] H]jj] ]j` Rpaldaj P0 Qu]j0 42340 ZIj_ajperao Vkng= Gap/pejc Sa]_dano pk Ckia pk R_dkkh0' 1TLXPJHU 5JVUVTPJ CL\PL] 324*6+=3463w9;0

E]opanhu. Vehhe]i ]j` Qkoo Lareja0 3<<90 ZAbne_])o cnkspd pn]caù= lkhe_eao ]jàpdje_ èreoekjo0' B[HXZLXS_ ;V[XUHS VM 5JVUVTPJY ll0 3425w34720

Fej]j. Fnaàne_k. Bajf]iej A0 Ohgaj ]j` Qkdeje P]jà0 42380 EOL ALXYVUULS

5JVUVTPJY VM ZOL DZHZL0 Ehoarean0

Fn]j&_keo. P]pne_g. Ihe] Q]ejan ]j` Fn]j_ao_k Sna^ê0 42370 ZHks Io Pksan Rd]naèj Abne_]@' 5JVUVTLZXPJH ;5*4+=687w7250

Fn]van. Jaj`]ue E0 3<<60 D[YZHPUPUN JP\PSPHU JVUZXVS0 HXTLK JV[UZLX]LPNOZY PU

XLNPTL YZHIPSPZ_ PU 1MXPJH0 Rp]jbkn` Tjeranoepu0

H]û]nei]j]. J]iao. M]_]np]j Hqildnauo. D]jeah N0 Pkojan ]j` Janaiu M0Vaejopaej0 42290 ZVdu `kao apdje_ èranoepu qjànieja lq^he_ ckk` lnkre/oekj@' 1TLXPJHU AVSPZPJHS DJPLUJL CL\PL] 323*6+=92<w9470

H]oo]j. M]e0 bknpd_kiejc0 ZSda Rpn]pace_ Rdq%a= Epdje_ Gakcn]ldu. pda Ijpan/j]h Ra_qnepu All]n]pqo. ]j` Eha_pekjo ej Kaju]0' 1TLXPJHU ;V[XUHS VM AVSPZPJHS

DJPLUJL 0

Hanôp. Ja!nau0 42220 DZHZLY HUK AV]LX PU 1MXPJH0 3VTWHXHZP\L =LYYVUY PU 1[%

ZOVXPZ_ HUK 3VUZXVS0 Pnej_apkj Tjeranoepu Pnaoo0

64

Hfknp. Jkj]o0 42360 ZEpdje_ èreoekjo ]j` lnk`q_pekj ej "nio0' B[HXZLXS_ ;V[XUHS

VM 5JVUVTPJY <6*5+=3;<<w3<680

Hk!. K]nh] ]j` Pneu]jg] P]jàu0 42340 ZM]gejc ql laklha w pda a!a_p kb eàj/pepu kj lnabanaj_ao ]j` lanbkni]j_a ej ] ikànjevejc ok_eapu0' GVXSK 2HUR

GVXRPUN AHWLX DLXPLY 84450

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EQS . I?LS Cocid^ C!`ôn Lj V`n V`n Lj V`n V`nEQS . V`\m C!`ôn Lj V`n V`n Lj V`n V`nM]n`mq\odjin 5255; 5255; 5255; 24167 24167 24167Agpno`mn 7257 7257 7257 22;2 22;2 22;2

Q\hkg` Dpgg Q\hkg`- ^jgphin *2+.*4+ @\g\i^`_ N\i`g X2;69-2;79Z

Ljo`n< ?gg m`bm`nndjin di^gp_` di_dqd_p\g \i_ t`\m "s`_ `!`ôn- \i_ ^jiomjg ajm oc` gìboc jaoc` t`\m di oc` "mno \i_ "i\g t`\m ja n`mqd^`/ EQS " I?LS.òcid^ `!`ôn dio`m\ô oc` EQS_phht rdoc \ _phht `lp\g oj ji` ajm \gg òcid^dod`n oc\o \m` k\mo ja I?LS \o njh` kjdio*E`h\- I\h\opn\- \i_ Jpj+/ Cnodh\o`n ndbid"^\io \o oc` 1/16 *1/21- 1/12+ g`q`g \m` h\mf`_rdoc ,, *,- ,,,+/ Qo\i_\m_ `mmjmn \m` ^gpno`m`_ \o oc` di_dqd_p\g g`q`g/

ter

CSAE Working Paper WPS/20!# · CSAE Working Paper WPS/20!#-"! 0=73895#+

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