THE RISE OF THE MARKET ECONOMY &

THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION

Crash Course: Market Revolution

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNftCCwAol0&noredirect=1

Quiz -You may use your chapter 12 hmwk

1. How did Southern leaders of the 1830s differ from the Jeffersonian response to slavery

2. What percentage of whites owned slaves in 1830? 1860?

3. What was one consequence and one benefit of being poor freemen (property-less whites) in the South?

Quiz -You may use your chapter 12 hmwk

1. Why did a domestic slave trade emerge as a major money making enterprise b/w 1800-1860?

2. What was the gang labor system?

3. What was one consequence and one benefit of being poor freemen (property-less whites) in the South?

Before Industrial Revolution 18th Century –old economy

Built around exporting a small number of staple goods○ Only the wealthy purchased fabric, paint, glass

& other manufactures from EnglandOther necessities produced in the home

(homespun cloth) or by local artisans○ Cobblers, blacksmiths, coopers

Rise of the Market Economy (1790 – 1840)

Development of the factory system Factories gradually replace home industries

Continental expansion Treaty of Paris, 1783 Louisiana Purchase, 1803 Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819

Expansion of commercial agriculture Crops produced for sale & export –cotton*

Effects Expansion of middle class Higher standard of living Exploitation of women, children & immigrants Greater accumulation of wealth Increasing urbanization

Attributes of the Market Revolution Prices set by competition, not the gov’t New technology in communication & transportation Organizational innovation

Factories (organize the factors of production)Standardization of time

Gov’t support (early on)Infrastructure (canals, roads, railroads) often w/

monopolistic charterJudicial branch protects

○ CompetitionCharles River Bridge vs. Warren Bridge, 1837Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824

○ Limited liabilityNational bank (modern banking system)

Factors that made the Industrial Revolution possible? Gov’t protection of patent rights Gov’t support of crucial infrastructure projects Transportation revolution; steam powered ships, trains Tariffs Development of corporations w/limited liability Improved educational system Cheap labor -immigrants or people moving from farm to city (young

women, esp.) Embargo of 1807 & War of 1812 stimulated need for domestic

manufactures Eli Whitney’s interchangeable parts (efficiency) Gov’t control of interstate commerce & gov’t protection of contracts Stable currency under the 2nd National Bank of the U.S. Improved communication –invention of the telegraph

Warm Up How does the diagram reflect the values

of the Second Great Awakening?

The Second Great Awakening 1790s – 1830s Protestant revival

movement Increased the number

of Baptists & Methodists

Believers thought a new age of humanity was beginning -millennialism

Revivals & camp meeting were popular in the west‘Burned over’ district of

western NYCane Ridge, KY TN, Southern OH,

Stimulated reform movementsThe nation must be free

from the evils of society before the Second Coming of Jesus Christ

Most reform movements were started by CongregationalistsExpressed the values of white,

Protestant, middle class, northeast urban culture

Benevolent Empire○ Worked to institutionalize charity &

battle social evils in a systematic way

Major Reform MovementsAbolitionTemperanceWomen’s Rights*Asylum(Hospital)PrisonsEducation

Cultural Conflicts Immigration

Between 1840 -1860 , millions settle permanently; majority are:○ Irish in the northeast, NY & Boston ○ Germans, Midwest states

Most were Catholic○ Growth of Catholic Churches○ Acceptance of alcohol○ Irish were typically illiterate; didn’t want to send children to

public schools○ Church (Pope) was more important than American political

leadersGives rise to Nativism

○ Mob violence of unemployed natives vs. Irish○ Publication of anti-Catholic stories○ Anti-immigration laws advocated

The Awful Disclosures by Maria Monk:

A Narrative of Her Sufferings in the Hotel Dieu Nunnery in Montreal

The Superior now informed me that having taken the black veil, it only remained that I should swear the three oaths customary on becoming a nun…I must be informed that one of my great duties was to obey the priests in all things; and this I soon learnt, to my utter astonishment and horror, was to live in the practice of criminal intercourse with them.

Complete with your teamDescription of

DocumentReform promotes democratic Ideals

-Explain how

Reform limits participation in

society –Explain How

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

AP PARTS

Abolition in the early republicBattle Hymn of the Republic http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpZ3jPMM5Ac&list=RD02GI2dXQ3Eckg

Slavery was a political issue during the Revolutionary War GB promised freedom to slave who fought for them However, slaves did fight in local colonial militias to raise their

status Some states began to pass manumission laws

VA 1782 Religious beliefs (Quaker & Methodist) & intellectual currents

advocated legal change 1784 MA Supreme Court abolished slavery Other Northern states legalized gradual emancipation

South of Delaware, slavery was considered a property rights issue & ‘a necessary evil’

Most southern states will only allow emancipation by permission of the legislature

Abolitionists Early Efforts

American Colonization Society (1816 – 1967)○ Henry Clay, Robert Finley

Founded Liberia on west coast of Africa, 1822 –few agreed to settle there (13,000 total)

3 pronged approach (1830 – 60’s) Appeal to religious believers & Testimonials Aid to fugitive slaves –Underground RR, Harriet Tubman Political campaign to Congress

William Lloyd Garrison 1831, The Liberator (newspaper) Immediate Abolition -Unpopular even in the North, mobbed in the streets of Boston Founded the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1833

David Walker -1829-Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World ‘radicalized’ slaves called for violent revolt if necessary

Frederick Douglass Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass The North Star (newspaper)

Sojourner Truth – ‘Ain’t I a Woman?’ Harriet Beecher Stowe –humanizing the slave in novel form

1852, Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Slave Uprisings

Gabriel Prosser Rebellion -Richmond, VA 1800 -Prosser & 30 slaves hung for planning rebellion Greater restrictions of free blacks prohibitions on gathering, education & travel on slaves

Denmark Vesey Rebellion -Charleston,SC 1822 AME Zion church shut down for 2 years, b/c it was seen as the

origin of the conspiracy to rebel Nat Turner’s Rebellion –killed 55 whites

South Hampton County, VA 1830 -Blamed on abolitionist David Walker’s “Appeal”

White ministers were required by law to be present at black religious services