PracticalModern English Grammar

2

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SAMPLE P

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ESTheodTheo

GRIVAS PUBGRIVAS PUB

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G R A M M A R S T E P S∏ Ó¤· ·˘Ù‹ ÛÂÈÚ¿ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ ·ÁÁÏÈ΋˜ ÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ¤ÓÙ ‚È‚Ï›·:

1 BEGINNER (Class A)

2 ELEMENTARY (Class B)

3 PRE-INTERMEDIATE (Class C)

4 INTERMEDIATE (Class D)

5 UPPER INTERMEDIATE (Class E)

Δ· GRAMMAR STEPS ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÁÚ·ÊÙ› ÂȉÈο ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ŒÏÏËÓ· ÛÔ˘‰·ÛÙ‹ Î·È Í¯ˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ÁÈ· ÙËÓÚ·ÎÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÏfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙË ‰È‰·Ûηϛ· Î·È ÂÎÌ¿ıËÛË Ù˘ ·ÁÁÏÈ΋˜ ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜.

π¢π∞πΔ∂ƒ∞ Ã∞ƒ∞∫Δ∏ƒπ™Δπ∫∞

£∂øƒπ∞

■■ ∏ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛË ÙˆÓ ÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È Û˘ÓÙ·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ Ê·ÈÓÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Â›Ó·È ·Ï‹, ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÔχÏÔΘ ‹‰˘ÛÓfiËÙ˜ ·Ó·Ï‡ÛÂȘ.

■■ ∏ Û‡ÓÙÔÌË Î·È Û·Ê‹˜ ‰È·Ù‡ˆÛË Ù˘ ıˆڛ·˜ ‚ÔËı¿ ·ÎfiÌË Î·È ÙÔÓ ÈÔ ÌÈÎÚfi Ì·ıËÙ‹ Ó· ηٷϿ‚ÂÈÙËÓ ·ÁÁÏÈ΋ Û‡ÓÙ·ÍË.

■■ ™Ù· ÙÚ›· ‚È‚Ï›· 1. BEGINNER, 2. ELEMENTARY Î·È 3. PRE-INTERMEDIATE ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙ·‰È·Î¿fiÏË Ë ·ÁÁÏÈ΋ ÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈ΋. ™Â οı ¤Ó· ·fi ·˘Ù¿, ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÙˆÓ Ó¤ˆÓ ÁψÛÛÈÎÒÓÊ·ÈÓÔ̤ӈÓ, ÛÎԛ̈˜ ·ӷϷ̂¿ÓÔÓÙ·È ÔÏÏ¿ ·fi Ù· ‰È‰·¯ı¤ÓÙ·, ÒÛÙÂ Ô Ì·ıËÙ‹˜ Ó· Ù·ẨÒÛÂÈ Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚ·.

■■ ΔÔ 4Ô ‚È‚Ï›Ô, INTERMEDIATE, ·ÔÙÂÏ› Ì›· Ï‹ÚË ÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈ΋ fiÔ˘ ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛËÓ¤ˆÓ ÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Ê·ÈÓÔ̤ӈÓ, Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·Ó·ÎÂÊ·Ï·›ˆÛË Ù˘ ‡Ï˘ ÙˆÓ ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓˆÓ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ,ÒÛÙ ӷ ‰Ôı› Ë Â˘Î·ÈÚ›· Ì›·˜ ÁÂÓÈ΋˜ ·ӿÏ˄˘.

■■ ™ÙÔ 5Ô ‚È‚Ï›Ô, UPPER INTERMEDIATE, ÙÔÓ›˙ÔÓÙ·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÁψÛÛÈο Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓ· Ô˘ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ ÛÙÔÓ ŒÏÏËÓ· ÛÔ˘‰·ÛÙ‹.

∞™∫∏™∂π™

●● √È Ù‡ÔÈ ÙˆÓ ·Û΋ÛÂˆÓ ÛÙ· ÙÚ›· ÚÒÙ· ‚È‚Ï›· Â›Ó·È ·ÏÔ›, ÁÈ· ¢ÎÔÏfiÙÂÚË ÂÍ¿ÛÎËÛË Î·ÈηٷÓfiËÛË Ù˘ ıˆڛ·˜. √È Û‡ÓÙÔ̘ Î·È Ú·ÎÙÈΤ˜ ·Û΋ÛÂȘ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÙÔÓ È‰·ÓÈÎfi ÙÚfiÔ·ÊÔÌÔ›ˆÛ˘ Ù˘ ıˆڛ·˜.

●● ™ÙÔ 4Ô Î·È 5Ô ‚È‚Ï›Ô ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈο Î·È Ì ÛÙ·‰È·Î‹ ‰˘ÛÎÔÏ›· Ù‡ÔÈ ·Û΋ÛÂˆÓ Ô˘Û˘Ó·ÓÙÒÓÙ·È ÛÙȘ ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÂȘ Cambridge, Michigan, Edexcel Î·È KPG, ¤ÙÛÈ ÒÛÙ ÔÈ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Ó·ÂÍÔÈÎÂÈÒÓÔÓÙ·È ‚·ıÌˉfiÓ Ì ·˘Ù¤˜.

●● ΔÔ ÏÂÍÈÏfiÁÈÔ Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È ÛÙȘ ·Û΋ÛÂȘ Â›Ó·È ÂÏÂÁ¯fiÌÂÓÔ Î·È ÂÚÈÔÚÈṲ̂ÓÔ, ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙÔ›‰Ô, ÒÛÙÂ Ë ÚÔÛÔ¯‹ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ Ó· ÂÈÎÂÓÙÚÒÓÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ¿ÛÎËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ‹Û˘ÓÙ·ÎÙÈÎÔ‡ Ê·ÈÓÔ̤ÓÔ˘.

●● ™Ù· REVISION UNITS ·Ó·Î˘ÎÏÒÓÂÙ·È Û˘Ó¯Ҙ fiÏË Ë ‰È‰·¯ı›۷ ‡ÏË Î·È fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ Ë ‡ÏËÛ˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈÌ¤ÓˆÓ Ì·ıËÌ¿ÙˆÓ.

∏ ÛÂÈÚ¿ GRAMMAR STEPS Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· ·˘ÙfiÓÔÌË, Ï‹Ú˘ ·ÁÁÏÈ΋ ÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈ΋, Ù· ‚È‚Ï›· Ù˘ ÔÔ›·˜ ÌÔÚÔ‡ÓÓ· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ·ÓÂÍ¿ÚÙËÙ· Î·È Ó· Û˘Óԉ‡ÛÔ˘Ó ÔÔÈ·‰‹ÔÙ ÛÂÈÚ¿ COURSEBOOKS ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯˆÓÂȤ‰ˆÓ.

Ï› Ì›· Ï‹·È ·Ó·ÎÂÊ

ÓÈ΋˜ ·ӿÏË

MEDIATE, ÙÔÓ›Ô˘‰·ÛÙ‹

Û΋ÛÂˆÓ ÛÙ·ıˆڛ·˜. √

˘ Ù˘ ıˆ

È 5Ô ‚È‚Ï›Ô ÛÙȘ

SSÓˆÓ Â›Ó·È ·Ï‹

fiÌË Î·È ÙÔÓ

·È 3. PRE-IN¿, ÂÎÙfi˜ ·

¿ ·

4

SAMPLE P

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UNIT 1: The verb ‘to be’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

UNIT 2: The verb ‘have got’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

UNIT 3: Present Continuous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

UNIT 4: Simple Present (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

UNIT 5: Simple Present (II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Revision 1-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

UNIT 6: 1 Present Continuous - Simple Present 2 Articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

UNIT 7: Plurals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

UNIT 8: 1 Possessive Adjectives 2 Possessive Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

UNIT 9: Some, Any, No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Revision 6-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

UNIT 10: 1 Many, Much, A lot (of) 2 A few, A little . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

UNIT 11: Simple Past (I) (regular verbs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

UNIT 12: Simple Past (II) (irregular verbs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

UNIT 13: Simple Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Revision 10-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

UNIT 14: Comparison (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

UNIT 15: Comparison (II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

UNIT 16: 1 Imperative 2 Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

UNIT 17: Can, May, Must . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

Revision 14-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

UNIT 18: 1 Personal Pronouns 2 Possessive Adjectives – Possessive Pronouns . . . . . . . . . .65

UNIT 19: Simple Present Perfect (regular verbs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

UNIT 20: 1 Negative-interrogative Form 2 Interrogative Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

UNIT 21: Prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

Revision 18-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

Irregular Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

CONTENTS

SAMPLE A li

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verbs)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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13 . . .. . . . . . .

on (I)n (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

parison (II)arison (II) . . . . . . . .

1 Imperative 2 Imperative 2

Can, May, MCan, May

i

PAGES. .

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6

™‡ÓÙÔ̘ ··ÓÙ‹ÛÂȘ

●● Are you from Canada?▲▲ Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.

The verb ‘to be’ [ I am, You are, He is ... ][ TÔ Ú‹Ì· ‘›̷Ȓ ]

Exercises

●● Helen is my friend.[√Ãπ: Helen she is my friend.]

●● ‘Is he a doctor?’‘Yes, he is.’[√Ãπ: ‘Yes, he’s.’]

‘Where is Nick?’ ‘He is at school.’This is Jane. She is my sister.The dog isn’t here. It is in the garden.Here are Tom and John. They are friends.

he (= ·˘Ùfi˜): ÁÈ· ¿Ó‰Ú· ‹ ·ÁfiÚÈshe (= ·˘Ù‹): ÁÈ· Á˘Ó·›Î· ‹ ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈit (= ·˘Ùfi˜, -‹, -fi): ÁÈ· Ú¿ÁÌ·, ˙ÒÔ ‹ Ê˘Ùfithey (= ·˘ÙÔ›, -¤˜, -¿): ÁÈ· ÚfiÛˆ·,Ú¿ÁÌ·Ù·, ˙Ò· ‹ Ê˘Ù¿ [ÛÙÔÓ ÏËı˘ÓÙÈÎfi]

¶∞ƒ∞Δ∏ƒ∏™∂π™:

1 °Ú¿„Â he, she, it, we, you, they.

UNIT 1

Mary ➞ __________

1 John ➞ __________

2 Laura and you ➞ __________

3 the cat ➞ __________

4 my friend and I ➞ __________

5 the books ➞ __________

6 my mother ➞ __________

she

¶ƒ√™∂•Δ∂:

K·Ù¿Ê·ÛË

I am ( I’m ) You are ( You’re ) He is ( He’s ) She is ( She’s ) It is ( It’s ) We are ( We’re ) You are ( You’re ) They are ( They’re )

= ÂÁÒ Â›Ì·È= ÂÛ‡ ›۷È= ·˘Ùfi˜ ›ӷÈ= ·˘Ù‹ ›ӷÈ= ·˘Ùfi ›ӷÈ= ÂÌ›˜ ›̷ÛÙÂ= ÂÛ›˜ ›ÛÙÂ= ·˘ÙÔ›, -¤˜, -¿ ›ӷÈ

ÕÚÓËÛË

I am not ( I’m not )You are not ( You aren’t )He is not ( He isn’t )She is not ( She isn’t )It is not ( It isn’t )We are not ( We aren’t )You are not ( You aren’t )They are not ( They aren’t )

= ‰ÂÓ Â›Ì·È= ‰ÂÓ Â›Û·È= ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È= ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È= ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È= ‰ÂÓ Â›Ì·ÛÙÂ= ‰ÂÓ Â›ÛÙÂ= ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È

∂ÚÒÙËÛË

Am I? = ›̷È;Are you? = ›۷È;Is he? = ›ӷÈ;Is she? = ›ӷÈ;Is it? = ›ӷÈ;Are we? = ›̷ÛÙÂ;Are you? = ›ÛÙÂ;Are they? = ›ӷÈ;

is + not ➠ isn’tare + not ➠ aren’t

PLE

‘He is at sc. She is myt here It

and J

Ú›ÙÛÌ·, ˙ÒÔ ‹

È· ÚfiÛˆ·,ÛÙÔÓ ÏËı˘

EPAGES

·ÓÙ‹ÛÂȘ·ÓÙ‹ÛÂȘ

ou from Canadfrom Canads, I am. / No, I’s, I am. / No, I

ESn t

aren’t )

is + notis + not ➠

are + notare + not

7

3 μ¿ÏÂ am, is ‹ are.

Tom _____ tall.

1 Where _____ the boys?

2 I _____ in the kitchen.

3 The girls _____ at school.

4 _____ Sylvia here?

5 George and I _____ friends.

6 The dog _____ in the garden.

is

4 μ¿ÏÂ ’m not, isn’t ‹ aren’t.

at work: ÛÙË ‰Ô˘ÏÂÈ¿, teacher: ‰¿ÛηÏÔ˜, ‰·ÛοϷ, late: ·ÚÁÔÔÚË̤ÓÔ˜, sofa: ηӷ¤˜, tall: „ËÏfi˜,kitchen: ÎÔ˘˙›Ó·, classroom: ·›ıÔ˘Û·, ready: ¤ÙÔÈÌÔ˜, short: ÎÔÓÙfi˜, football player: Ô‰ÔÛÊ·ÈÚÈÛÙ‹˜,

angry: ı˘ÌˆÌ¤ÓÔ˜, old: ËÏÈÎȈ̤ÓÔ˜, canary: ηӷڛÓÈ

The teacher _______ in the classroom.

1 I _______ from England.

2 My books _______ on the table.

3 The cat _______ in the house.

4 My father and I _______ ready.

5 You _______ short.

6 John _______ a doctor.

isn’t

2 ™˘ÌÏ‹ÚˆÛ ÙȘ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÛÙËÓ ¿ÚÓËÛËÎ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÒÙËÛË.

5 ™˘ÌÏ‹ÚˆÛ ÙȘ Û‡ÓÙÔ̘ ··ÓÙ‹ÛÂȘ.

Your mother is at work.

________________ at work.

________________ at work?

1 Tom and Bob are in their room.

________________ in their room.

________________ in their room?

2 His father is a teacher.

________________ a teacher.

________________ a teacher?

3 I’m late.

________________ late.

________________ late?

4 We are friends.

________________ friends.

________________ friends?

5 The dog is on the sofa.

________________ on the sofa.

________________ on the sofa?

Is David from Italy?

No, __________ .

1 Are you and your brother football players?

No, __________ .

2 Is Liz angry?

No, __________ .

3 Are the children at school?

Yes, __________ .

4 Is Mr Black old?

No, __________ .

5 Are you a good teacher?

Yes, __________ .

6 Is your canary yellow?

Yes, __________ .

Your mother isn’t

he isn’t

Is your mother

SAMPLE

all.

_____ the boys____ the bo

the kitche kitc

ofa.a

e sofa?e sofa?

PAGESctorctor

Ï‹ÚˆÛ ÙȘ Ï‹ÚˆÛ ÙȘ ÛÛ

Is David froIs David fro

No, ___No, __

AA

h

8

6 ∞˘Ùfi Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÁÚ¿ÌÌ· ÙÔ˘ Nick ÛÙÔÓ Î·ÈÓÔ‡ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ Ê›ÏÔ ‰È’·ÏÏËÏÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜. μ¿Ï am, is, are, isn’t ‹ aren’t.

Hello,

My name ________ Nick and I (1) ________ from Greece.

My house (2) ________ in Athens. Athens (3) ________ a small city. It

(4) ________ the capital of Greece. My parents (5) ________ teachers,

but they (6) ________ at work today because it (7) ________ Saturday.

(8) ________ your parents teachers?

From,

Nick

7 ¢È¿ÏÂÍ ÙË ÛˆÛÙ‹ ·¿ÓÙËÛË.

1 David _____ in the house now.

a not is

b is not

c not

2 Mary _____ my sister.

a is

b she is

c are

3 Tom and I _____ brothers.

a am

b is

c are

4 Your hands _____ clean.

a aren’t

b not are

c isn’t

5 _____ nice?

a The food is

b Is the food

c The food isn’t

6 _____ your parents here?

a Are not

b Is

c Are

7 His car _____ red.

a is

b not is

c it is

8 ‘Is your sister tall?’ ‘Yes, _____.’

a is

b she is

c she’s

is

small: ÌÈÎÚfi˜, city: fiÏË, capital: ÚˆÙÂ‡Ô˘Û·, parents: ÁÔÓ›˜, because: ‰ÈfiÙÈ,hands: ¯¤ÚÈ·, clean: ηı·Úfi˜, food: Ê·ÁËÙfi

SAMPLE

brothers.others.

ree

6

PAGES_____ nice?___ nice?

a The fT

b IsIs

c

Grammar Steps is a five-book series specially designed for Greek learnersof English. It covers beginner, elementary, pre-intermediate, intermediateand upper intermediate levels. The overall aim of the series is to help students understand the basic structures of the English language rather thanlose themselves in a labyrinth of details.

Key features of Grammar Steps:

➡ Simplicity in the presentation of grammar structures,omitting complicated rules.

➡ Constant revision to help consolidate what studentshave been taught.

➡ Simple and practical exercises that do not impede students’ progress.

➡ Books 1, 2 and 3 cover all the basics of English grammar,while Book 4 starts afresh, presenting the grammaticalphenomena encountered in the first three books as wellas additional structures, giving students the opportunityto revise what has gone before as they continue toprogress.

➡ Book 5 provides more advanced theory in conjunctionwith a variety of exercises presented in the style of tasksencountered in Cambridge, Michigan, Edexcel and KPGexaminations.

Grammar Steps has been carefully graded, enabling students to gain a goodcommand of English grammar, which will help them express themselvesconfidently and accurately.

This practical modern English grammar series will complement any coursebookseries.

ISBN 13: 978-960-409-421-9

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