Cover GVR PLUS USE St - Grivas Publications · PDF fileGrammar [Present Tenses] ... FCE Exam...

Introduction to the ECCE & FCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2

CONTENTSUN

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Lesson AGrammar [Present Tenses] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Further Grammar Practice, Vocabulary Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Vocabulary Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Lesson B ECCE Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

ECCE Exam Practice 1 Grammar and Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Lesson CGrammar [Past Tenses] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Language Practice, Additional Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Lesson D FCE Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

FCE Exam Practice 1 Use of English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

UN

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Lesson AGrammar [Future Tenses, Imperative] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Further Grammar Practice, Vocabulary Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Vocabulary Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38



Lesson CGrammar [Articles] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Language Practice, Additional Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50


FCE Exam Practice 2 Use of English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

UN

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Lesson AGrammar [The Infinitive] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Further Grammar Practice, Vocabulary Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Vocabulary Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66



Lesson CGrammar [The Gerund, Infinitive or Gerund?] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Language Practice, Additional Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78


FCE Exam Practice 3 Use of English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

UN

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Lesson AGrammar [Participles, Subjunctive] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Further Grammar Practice, Vocabulary Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Vocabulary Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94


ECCE Exam Practice 4 Grammar and Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Lesson CGrammar [Modals] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Language Practice, Additional Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Lesson D FCE Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

FCE Exam Practice 4 Use of English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

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Lesson A

Grammar [So do I - Neither / Nor do I, Both - All - Whole - Each - Every, Either - Neither - None - Not one,One - Ones - Other - Others - Another - Else - One another / Each other] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Further Grammar Practice, Vocabulary Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Vocabulary Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Lesson B ECCE Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126


Lesson CGrammar [Nouns (Plurals, Uncountable Nouns, Nouns followed by a singular or plural verb, Collective ¡ouns)] . . . . 134Language Practice, Additional Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136



MPE

. .

E . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LE Vocabulary . .

PLEe or Gerund?] . . . . . . . .

Prac . . .

PL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MPLse of Englis

EEELELEPLPLPLMP

AMParticiples, Subjunctivmmar Practice, Vo

actice . . . . . . .

AMReading . . . .

SAxam Practice

SSAammar [MLanguage PrSSCE ReaSSSSS

MPAMAASASASSSSSSSS

PAGESSSES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

GE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

GE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PAG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SEGEGEGGAGPAPAPAPA

. . . . .

. . . . .PA

APPENDICESFurther Grammar Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302Word Confusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319Common Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320Phrasal Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325Prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330Prepositional Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

Further Practice in Key Word Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337Example Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349Derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358Differences between British and American English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371Irregular Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

3

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Lesson AGrammar [Some - Any - No, Expressing Quantity, The Possessive] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148Further Grammar Practice, Vocabulary Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152Vocabulary Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154



Lesson CGrammar [Singular or Plural Verb? Questions (Question Words / Question Tags / Indirect Questions)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164Language Practice, Additional Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168


FCE Exam Practice 6 Use of English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

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Lesson AGrammar [Comparison, Very - Too - Enough, Like - As] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180Further Grammar Practice, Vocabulary Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182Vocabulary Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184



Lesson CGrammar [Adjectives, Adverbs] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194Language Practice, Additional Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Lesson D FCE Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

FCE Exam Practice 7 Use of English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

UN

IT8

Lesson AGrammar [Unreal Past, Would rather - Had better] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208Further Grammar Practice, Vocabulary Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210Vocabulary Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212


ECCE Exam Practice 8 Grammar and Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Lesson CGrammar [Conditionals, Conjunctions] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222Language Practice, Additional Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224



UN

IT9

Lesson AGrammar [The Passive, The “causative” use of have / get] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236Further Grammar Practice, Vocabulary Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240Vocabulary Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242


ECCE Exam Practice 9 Grammar and Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Lesson CGrammar [Exclamatory Structures, Emphatic Structures, Inversion, Two Objects] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252Language Practice, Additional Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256



UN

IT10

Lesson AGrammar [Reported Speech, Relative Clauses] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268Further Grammar Practice, Vocabulary Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272Vocabulary Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274


ECCE Exam Practice 10 Grammar and Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Lesson C

Grammar [Clauses of: Time-Reason-Purpose-Result-Contrast / Concession-Manner, Structures with ‘it’,Structures with ‘there’] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284Language Practice, Additional Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288


FCE Exam Practice 10 Use of English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

SAMPLEEE . . . .

LE . . . . . . . . . . . . . .EEEELELEPLEausative” use of hav

Vocabulary Develop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MPL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MPe 9 Gramma

AMPxclamatory Structureractice, Additional

AMRead . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SAMxam Practice 9 U

LEPLMPMPMPMPMP

AMAMAMSASSAGrammar [Re

Further GramVocabularSECCE RSSSSASSS

AGSS. . .

ES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

GES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

GE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

GE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SSSESESGEGEGEGEG

PAG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. . . . .

. . .

AGPAPAPAPP

4

Introduction to the ECCE

GRAMMAR, VOCABULARY, READING (GVR)

Time 90 minutes

Description GRAMMAR (multiple choice)

An incomplete sentence is followed by a choice of words orphrases to complete it. Only one choice is grammatically correct.

Number of Items 35

Description VOCABULARY (multiple choice)

An incomplete sentence is followed by a choice of words to complete it. Only one word has the correct meaning in that context.

Number of Items 35

Description READING (multiple choice)

Two short reading passages, each on a different topic. Each pas-sage is followed by five multiple-choice questions.

Two sets of four short texts (each set of four texts is related bytopic). Each set is followed by ten multiple-choice questions.

Number of Items 30

SAMPLPLEPLLELELE four short tex

et is followe

0

P

S

PAGESSSEShoice of words to

ct meaning in tha

AGPA)

s, eae-ch

Introduction to the FCE

TIME DESCRIPTION NUMBER OF ITEMS MARKS

READING

1 hour PART 1 (multiple choice)A text followed by four-option multiple-choicequestions

PART 2 (gapped text)A text from which sentences have beenremoved and placed in jumbled order afterthe text. Candidates must decide from wherein the text the sentences have been removed.

PART 3 (multiple matching)A text or several short texts preceded bymultiple-matching questions. Candidatesmust match prompts to elements in the text.

8

7

15

2 marks for eachcorrect answer

2 marks for eachcorrect answer

1 mark for each correct

answer

TIME DESCRIPTION NUMBER OF ITEMS MARKS

USE OF ENGLISH

45 minutes PART 1 (multiple-choice cloze)A modified cloze test containing 12 gaps andfollowed by 12 four-option multiple-choiceitems.

PART 2 (open cloze)A modified cloze test containing 12 gaps.

PART 3 (word formation)A text containing 10 gaps. Each gap corresponds to a word. The stems of themissing words are given beside the text andmust be changed to form the missing word.

PART 4 (key word transformation)8 separate items, each with a lead in sentence and a gapped second sentence tobe completed in two to five words, one ofwhich is a given ‘key word’.

12

12

10

8

1 mark for eachcorrect answer



Up to 2 marks for each answer

5

SAMPLE EE

SSSAMPLE

g 12 gaps andption multiple-cho

oze)oze test con

(word formation)containing 1

rresponds to a wssing words ast be chang

PART 4 (se

sentSAMPLE

SAMPLPAGESAGES

15

AGESES2 corr

GES

PNP

6ECCE

Unit 1 Lesson A

Simple Present

Present Progressive

1 sports commentaries Taylor shoots and ... it’s a goal!

2 narratives So he gets out of the car and starts running.

3 reviews of books / movies Julia Roberts stars in this romantic comedy.

4 newspaper headlines PLANE CRASHES IN SOUTH AFRICA

5 exclamatory structures with “here” and Here comes your brother!“there” (and the verbs “come” and “go”) There she goes!

6 instructions / directions You beat the eggs well and then add them to the mixture.

1 temporary repetition We’re taking the train this week as our car has broken down.

2 changing / developing situations The baby is getting bigger every day.

3 sth happening very / too often, usually to show annoyance (with always, Why are you constantly borrowing my things?constantly, continually, forever) I’m always bumping into Steve at the supermarket. Isn’t it funny?

Simple Present Perfect

1 past action (time not mentioned or implied) I’ve bought a new computer.

2 period of time not yet over I’ve had two cups of coffee this morning. (= it is still morning)BUT: I had two cups of coffee this morning. (= it’s later on in the day)

3 after: this / it is the first / second / only, etc. time ... This is the first time I’ve used this shampoo.

4 after: this / it / he, etc. is + superlative He is the most boring teacher we’ve ever had.

NOTE:

1 Stative verbs (eg. like, love, hate, prefer, want, see,hear, smell, taste, think, believe, know, understand,forget, remember, have, belong, etc.) do not normallyhave progressive forms.

I don’t understand what you’re saying.That car belongs to our neighbors.

BUT: See the difference in meaning in the followingexamples.

● Look at this photo and tell me what you see.I see what you mean. (= understand)I’m seeing Debbie tonight. (= meeting)

● This soup tastes great.I’m tasting the sauce to see if it needs

anything. (= checking the taste of)● The roses smell fantastic.

He’s smelling the cheese to see if it has gone bad. (= checking the smell of)

● I think he’s very nice.They’re thinking of moving to the suburbs.

(= considering)● He has a lot of friends.

Are you having fun, children?ALSO: He’s silly. (= it is his character)

He’s being silly at the moment. (= he’s behavingin a silly way)

2 Can / Could + see / hear / smell / taste / remember /understand for something happening at the momentof speaking.

I can hear somebody shouting.We could smell something burning.

3 Either tense can be used with the verbs hurt, acheand feel without any difference in meaning.

My back hurts / is hurting.

NOTE:1 How long has it been (OR: is it) since you have

heard (OR: heard) from him?It has been (OR: it is) years since she has eaten

(OR: ate) meat.[NOT: ... since she hasn’t eaten / didn’t eat meat.]

2 have been to – have gone to – have been inRon has been to Cairo. (= has visited it)Ron has gone to Cairo. (= is there now)Ron has been in Cairo for two weeks. (= is still

in Cairo and has spent two weeks there)

GRAMMAR

Present Tenses

SAMPLE

SSSt Perfect

e no

d,normallyorm

g.s.

ng in the followingin the following

d tell me what you d tell me what you an. an (= understand)(= under

bie tonight. tonight. (= meeti(= tes great.eat.

the sauce to see ifhe sauce to see hing. (= checking thechecking t

roses ses smellsm fantastifantae s smellingmelling the chethe chegone bad. gone bad. (= che(

PAGESES

PAGEo the mixture.he mixture.

our car has broken ur car has broken

y day.y.

orrowingwing my things?my thino Steve at the supeo Steve at the supe

● I t

1 How long have you been having / hadyour new car?

2 The TV is on; who has been watching / watches a DVD?3 I am thinking / think of calling him tomorrow.4 In that movie, Jennifer Lopez is playing / plays the role of a

waitress.5 My brother has been to / has been in Russia for two years.6 This week, I am not eating / don’t eat breakfast, as I have to

leave early for work.7 We live / have been living in Boston since 2005.8 The cake smells / is smelling very nice!9 It is the second time I have done / am doing a bungee jump.

10 Here is coming / comes the bus!

1 Choose the correct answer.

Present Perfect Progressive

1 sth which started in the past and is still continuing He’s been looking for a job for months / since April.2 finished action with a visible result in the present It’s been snowing all night so everything outside is white.3 irritation / annoyance / surprise, etc. about a Who has been using my cellphone? I’ve got no credit left.

recent past action

NOTE:1 Only the simple present perfect is used with

stative verbs.I’ve known her for ages.

[NOT: I’ve been knowing ...]You’ve had this cold for days.I’ve never liked horror movies.

2 Some verbs such as live, work, study, teach, etc. can beused in either the simple present perfect or the presentperfect progressive.

He’s taught / He’s been teaching at our school since 1993.

7ECCE

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

1 It rains ........................................................It is raining .................................................It has been raining .....................................

2 She writes ..................................................She is writing .............................................She has been writing .................................

3 He has .......................................................He is having ...............................................He has had ................................................

1 Why are you being so difficult?

2 Have you ever gone abroad?

3 She already spoke to them about it.

4 Janet isn’t here; she has been to the

supermarket.

5 He has called me three times this

morning.

6 My back is aching a lot.

7 Are you thinking she is making a mistake?

8 Your English improves every week.

9 I work until nine o’clock every night this

week.

10 This is the best essay Alice has written so

far.

1 A: Why are your boots dirty?B: I ............................. (work) in the garden.

2 A: Mom, have you seen my glasses anywhere?B: For goodness’ sake, Mary! You ........ always ..................

(lose) them!3 A: Did you know that Ted is in the hospital?

B: Well, actually, I ............................. (know) about his illness for quite some time.

4 A: How’s Alex?B: I don’t know; it’s been weeks since I ................ (see) him.

5 A: Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the bank?B: You .............. (turn) left onto Hill Street; it’s at number 51.

6 A: What are you doing?B: I .......................... (taste) the sauce to see how salty it is.

7 A: What does the headline read?B: “Miami ............................. (beat) Chicago.”

8 A: Hello, I have an appointment with the dentist.B: I’m sorry, he ............. (see) someone else at the moment.

Would you like to take a seat while you’re waiting.

2 Fill in the simple present, present progressive, simple present perfect or present progressive.

3 Tick (✓) if the sentence is correct or correct themistake.

4 Complete the sentences using your own words.

both BRITISH and AMERICAN mainly AMERICANHe has just left. He just left.I’ve already sent it. I already sent it.Have you ever tried sushi? Did you ever try sushi?I’ve never liked this music. I never liked this music.

he role of ahe

a for two years.for two yeeakfast, as I have tst, as I have

n since 2005. since 2ery nice!ery nice!

done / am doingone / am do a ba bhe bus! e bus P

your boots dirty?boots dirty?......................................... (work

om, have you seen m, have you seer goodness’ sakegoodness’ sake

them!emknowknow

ent, present progrespresent progresfectect or o present progrsent prog

PAGES, , studystudy, te

esent perfectent perfect oro

been teachingbeen teaching at ouat ou

1 WhW

2

3 Tick (Tick (✓✓) if the) if mistake.mista

8ECCE

Choose the correct answer.

1 This is the second time you .......... your keys.a to lose b losec have lost d are losing

2 “Have you ever been to Mykonos?”“Of course. I .......... there every summer.”

a am going b goc have gone d have been

3 “I’d really like to learn Italian.”“You .......... that for years.”

a say b are sayingc said d have been saying

4 “How long have you and Tom been colleagues?”“I .......... him for five years.”

a have known b have been knowingc am knowing d know

5 “John might be able to help me.”“Why .......... him, then?”

a don’t you call b aren’t you callingc not to call d haven’t you been calling

6 My son’s always .......... for the latest computer games.a asks b been askedc ask d asking

7 “Do you like this dress?”“It’s the best one you .......... on so far.”

a tried b are tryingc have tried d have been trying

8 I .......... the house for ages. I really must do it thisweekend.

a didn’t clean b wasn’t cleaningc have to clean d haven’t cleaned

9 “How does this machine work?”“First you .......... the dial and then press this button.”

a are turning b turnedc were turning d turn

10 “There is life on Mars.”“Oh, .......... you’re wrong about that!”

a I’m believing b I believedc I have believed d I believe

11 “Where do your cousins live?”“Although they .......... in the city since they were born,they are now about to move to a small town.”

a had lived b have livedc are living d were living

12 “What’s Fred up to these days?”“Actually, .......... about getting married.”

a he will think b he’s thinkingc he thinks d he would think

FURTHER GRAMMAR PRACTICE

1 Fill in the correct verb and then cross out the word thatdoes not go with it.

conveniently, greatly, widely, vastly, easily

2 Fill in the correct adverb.

1 The money you sent us was ......................appreciated.

2 It was once ...................... believed that the earthwas flat.

3 The problem with Sandra and Mike is that theyhave ...................... different personalities.

4 Our hotel was ...................... located near the airport.

5 The farmhouse may be in the middle of nowhere,but it is still ...................... accessible by car.

VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT

miss, achieve, award, give

money

exams

1 a chance the bus..................

my way somebody

2 an operation a goal..................

results success

3 a prize a diploma..................

a grant justice

4 permission sb a lift..................

sb a call lessons

an opportunitySAMPLE

SASAS

12 W“A

hen cross out the wcross out the

MMM, achieve, award, givachieve, award, gi

AMSASASS

..ayy

onon

an an

PAGESnd then press tthen press tbb turnedturneddd turnurn

Mars.”Marsou’re wrong about tu’re wrong about t

believingev bb Ihave believedhave believe dd

Where do your cousido your cou“Although they “Although the ..they are now athey are now

aa had licc are

9ECCE

3 Fill in the correct word to complete the sentence.

1 NATIONALIZE – NATIONAL – NATION – NATIONALIST

● What is the country’s ........................ airline called?● For the last seventy years, it has been an independent ........................ .

2 BELIEVE – (UN)BELIEVABLE – (DIS)BELIEF – BELIEVER

● It is my strong ........................ that the government should do more to help the poor.● That was a(n) ........................ game – one of the best and most exciting I’ve ever seen.

3 STRENGTHEN – STRENGTH – STRONG

● Her injured leg will take time to ........................ .● I have never met anybody as ........................ as George – he can lift a small car by himself.

4 ARCHITECTURAL – ARCHITECT – ARCHITECTURE

● His ambition is to become an ........................ .● This building has some interesting ........................ features.

5 INHABIT – INHABITANT – HABITATION – (UN)INHABITABLE – HABITAT

● This building is not suitable for human ........................ ; it should be knocked down.● Should a nuclear explosion occur, the area will be ........................ for centuries.

6 SUPPORT – SUPPORTING – SUPPORTIVE – SUPPORTER

● Pete has always been very ........................ of his wife.● The whole family are loyal ........................ of the local team.

4 Match the idioms with their meanings.

1 The teacher is keeping an eagle eye on you! .......

2 On my first day at work, I felt like a fish out of water. .......

3 They criticized the ineffective police force as being a paper tiger. .......

4 That new cellphone I bought turned out to be a white elephant. .......

5 We had a whale of a time at the party. .......

a a thing that is useless and which probably cost a lot of money

b a person who feels awkward or uncomfortable in a new place

c a great time

d a very careful watch

e a person, group, country, etc. that seems powerful but is not really

5 Fill in the correct prepositions.

1 Hundreds of animals were ............... risk after fire broke out in the national park.

2 These creatures should be ............... the wild, not ............... captivity.

3 These birds are ............... threat and ............... danger of extinction.

4 The ban ............... hunting should be strictly enforced otherwise animals will continue to be killed.

5 Unfortunately for elephants, there is a great demand ............... ivory.

6 We should try to prevent a further decrease ............... the bird population.

SAMPLE of waterof water..

rce as beingeing a papea pape

d out to be out to a white ehite

e party.part

eless and which proeless and which pro

feels awkward or us awkward or u

me

careful watchcareful watch

person, group, counerson, group, c

PAGESwn.wn.s.

10ECCE

VOCABULARY PRACTICE

Choose the correct answer.

1 They let their daughter go to the party .......... the

understanding that she would be home by midnight.

a with b in

c under d on

2 To .......... a long story short, we couldn’t find her

anywhere.

a cut b make

c explain d tell

3 She hadn’t seen me for twenty years and .......... she

recognized me at once.

a yet b also

c however d despite

4 He very nearly drove into a tree; it really was a close

.......... .

a stroke b crash

c shave d hit

5 They owe so much money; they must be over $5000

.......... debt.

a at b on

c in d under

6 I wish I lived in such beautiful .......... .

a areas b place

c region d surroundings

7 There’s a much quicker way to get there; I know a

short .......... .

a track b route

c cut d passage

8 The fire department didn’t leave until the fire had

burned itself .......... .

a down b up

c out d away

9 Of course she loves him! She wouldn’t stay with him

unless .......... .

a she did b she would

c she didn’t d she does

10 We anchored at a .......... island to get food supplies.

a close b next

c nearby d near

11 It was by sheer .......... that they found out the truth.

a chance b probability

c opportunity d possibility

12 He .......... her up and down and said, “You look

terrific!”

a looked b looked on

c looked at d looked for

13 I listened .......... the sound of footsteps but I couldn’t

hear anything.

a out b to

c at d for

14 She smoked ten cigarettes a day, .......... average.

a as b on

c by d in

15 I think she said what she did .......... intention of

hurting me.

a by an b with the

c on an d on the

16 I’ll only come to dinner with you if you let me pay

.......... .

a my money b my food

c my meal d my way

17 She spilled boiling water on her arm and ..........herself badly.

a singed b cremated

c scorched d scalded

18 You could tell by the smile .......... her face that she

was pleased.

a on b to

c in d at

SAMPLE

roundings

way to get there; I

rout

d pass

epartment didn

elf .

h

PAGESsaid, “Y

looked on

d oked

the sound of foots

b t

She smoked ten

a as

by

11ECCE

19 A lot of people are coming .......... the flu these days.

a up with b across with

c down with d out with

20 At the award ceremony, the actress wore a

provocative .......... blouse.

a opaque b transparent

c translucent d seeing through

21 Would you say he has any hope .......... ?

a to succeed

b of succeeding

c of his succeeding

d that he would succeed

22 She loved her new dress, and was very .......... to

wear it to the party.

a fond b anxious

c enthusiastic d desiring

23 Don’t you think .......... will be enough?

a a dozen of eggs

b a dozen eggs

c dozens of eggs

d one dozen of eggs

24 We will not serve alcohol to anybody who is under

.......... .

a age b arrest

c control d pressure

25 I’m afraid the milk seems to have gone .......... .

a off b down

c out d over

26 They’re operating .......... tomorrow afternoon.

a him b to him

c at him d on him

27 Bob Geldof will always be highly .......... for his work in

Africa.

a respected b respectable

c respective d respectful

28 There are six women .......... the committee.

a at b in

c of d on

29 Africa is .......... the south of Europe.

a to b in

c at d on

30 Please .......... the contract carefully before you sign it.

a glare at b glimpse

c study d notice

31 The .......... of the tree go deep under the ground.

a leaves b roots

c stems d branches

32 He removed the .......... from the oranges.

a cover b skin

c shell d peel

33 She held her .......... and jumped into the swimming

pool.

a air b breath

c breathing d wind

34 My doctor has advised me to take things .......... for a

while.

a relaxed b calm

c easy d peaceful

35 He enjoys his job and gets on well with his .......... .

a colleagues b accomplices

c allies d comrades

SAMPLE

ybody who is und

b rest

d pressu

k seems to ha

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PAGESurope.

i

d n

the contract carefu

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The .......... of the tr

leaves

c

12ECCE

Unit 1 Lesson B

Lead-in1

Reading Skills2

■ Where do you think they come from?■ What are the main threats they face?

■ Do you think they will be saved?■ What should be done to help save these animals?

........................................

........................................

........................................

........................................

Look at the pictures of these endangered animals and answer the questions.

From:

Threats:

........................................

........................................

........................................

........................................

........................................

........................................

........................................

........................................

........................................

........................................

........................................

........................................

Tiger Caretta-caretta turtle ElephantWhale

Reading Preparation (Task Type 1)

ECCE READING

1 1782 : ..........................................................................................................................................................2 300,000 : ..........................................................................................................................................................3 10,000 : ..........................................................................................................................................................4 1960s : ..........................................................................................................................................................5 35,000 : ..........................................................................................................................................................

Understanding information is an important skill. The numbers below all come from the following text about the bald eagle. Skimthrough the text, find them, and write what they refer to. The first one has been done for you.

The year in which the bald eagle became the U.S.A.’s national emblem.

The bald eagle, with its large wingspan and steady gaze, has been the national emblem of the U.S.A. since 1782.It was officially approved by Congress even though one of the founding fathers, Benjamin Franklin, believed it tobe a bird of bad character. Basically, he would have preferred the turkey. Fortunately, it was the bald eagle and notthe turkey that was chosen as a suitable symbol of freedom, spirit, strength and excellence. Since then, this magnificent bird has featured considerably in the nation’s architecture, art, folk tales and music.

The bald eagle can be found in every American state except Hawaii. It lives near large bodies of water wherefish are readily available, and nests in tall trees to keep its young safe from other predators. Its natural territoriesare between Alaska and California, and from Maine to Florida. Bald eagles which reside in the northern U.S. andCanada migrate south during the winter, where food, particularly fish, is found more easily. Similarly, bald eagleswhich reside in the southern states may also migrate north during the hot summer.

The bald eagle once numbered between 300,000 and 500,000 birds in the 1700s, but by the 1950s this figurehad fallen to less than 10,000 nesting pairs. The number dropped alarmingly to less than 500 nesting pairs in the1960s. Fortunately, strict environmental and endangered species laws, as well as federal, state and private efforts,have led to a remarkable recovery in population levels. Now there are over 5,000 nesting pairs and 20,000 birdsin the lower states and a further 35,000 birds in Alaska. Despite this encouraging return, America’s national birdstill suffers from hunting, pollution and habitat destruction. Awareness of the problem, strict laws and support for environmental programs are still needed to secure the future of this inspiring creature that stands for the spiritof the nation.

Read the text and answer the questions that follow.This passage is about the bald eagle. PLE

MPLPLPL....

.................

....................................

...............................................

........................................

s n....

SAMts large wingsppproved by Congharacter. Basic

y that was chent bird has fea

d eagle canily avai

Muestions that agle.

PAGES..................

..................................................

......................................................................................

ESESESEEEESE...............

.

all come from the foall come from tne has been done fne has been done

l emblem.l emb..............

13ECCE

2 Look at the birds below.

1 In the Reading section, there is often a question like number 3 above. See if you can find the meanings of the words in bold,which are from the passage.

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

Hawk: bird of prey,

good eyesight,

strong / able hunter

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

1 2 3

● Do you know what species they are? Choose from owl, magpie and hawk.● Are they all birds of prey?● What do you know about these birds?

Follow-up3

1 How was the bald eagle chosen as the nationalemblem of the U.S.A.?

a Ben Franklin preferred it.b An election forced Congress to approve it.c It was believed to have the appropriate

qualities.d The founding fathers had taken it to America.

2 Where would a bald eagle prefer to live?a in green fields with large bodies of waterb near the ocean, rivers or lakesc in wooded areas near rivers and lakesd in urban areas with tall trees

3 In paragraph 2, what does reside mean?a huntb livec reproduced travel

4 What do we learn about the bald eagle’s population?a It was above 500,000 until the last century.b It fell below 300,000 in the 1940s.c It fell dramatically between the 1950s and

1960s.d It neither rose nor fell in 1960.

5 What would the author most likely say about the baldeagle?

a Its future depends on continuing conservation and public awareness.

b It is of historic importance and should beintroduced to other countries.

c It will never regain its status or population levels.d It is no longer in danger.

1 ... lives near large bodies of water ... (para. 2)

.......................................................................................................................2 Similarly, bald eagles which reside in the southern states may also migrate north ... (para. 2)

.......................................................................................................................3 Despite this encouraging return, ... (para. 3)

.......................................................................................................................

SAMPLE

ow.

mber 3

SAw what species theyhat species theall birds of prey?all birds of prey?

do you know aboutdo you know ab

22) )

..........................................n the southern statethe southern state

.....................................................nn, ... (, ... para. 3ara ))333

...........................................

PAGES

e. See if e. SeePA

us or popuus or por.

14ECCE

1 .......................... 2 .......................... 3 .......................... 4 ..........................

2 Which of the activities would you prefer to do and why?

hiking rock climbing horseback riding mountain biking

1 Do you know what these activities are? Match them to the photographs.

Lead-in1

Reading Skills2

Reading Preparation (Task Type 2)

ECCE READING

Look at the words in color and then circle the odd word out.

accommodations: hotel cabin tent hospital

geographical feature: landscape mountain valley waterfall

size: large tall old high

wildlife: eagle zoo wolf bear

Questions 1-2 refer to section A on page 15.

1 What could be seen elsewhere in the U.S.A.?a a larger lake b a larger volcano systemc a taller geyser d an older national park

2 What is the purpose of section A?a to provide information about camping vacationsb to encourage closer family relationshipsc to list achievementsd to attract visitors

Questions 3-4 refer to section B on page 15.

3 What should campers do before going to sleep in aYellowstone campground?

a place their food containers in front of their tentsb light an open fire to keep bears awayc dispose of their garbaged hang their camping permits outside their tents

4 What are all campers asked to do?a only approach animals they know to be safeb use only the designated camping zonesc treat the park with respectd carry a weapon for protection against wild ani-

mals

Questions 5-6 refer to section C on page 15.

5 How does Adamson generally feel about tourists?a He thinks they are adventurous.b He respects them.c He feels they see little of the park.d He is indifferent toward them.

6 In the last sentence of paragraph 2, what does theword namesakes refer to?

a bearsb meadowsc salmond wolves

Questions 7-8 refer to section D on page 15.

7 When did the group leave their camp?a while it was still lightb at dawnc at sunsetd just after nightfall

8 How did the writer feel about the experience?a enchantedb indifferentc afraidd amused

Questions 9-10 refer to sections A, B, C and D.

9 Which sections refer to the wild animals of the park?a sections A, B and Cb sections A, B and Dc sections B, C and Dd all sections

10 What are we told about Grizzly Adamson?a “Grizzly” is not his real name.b He is not an official guide.c He is dishonest.d He breaks all the park rules.

SAMPLE ste

al pa

mping vacationselationship

n page 15.

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PAGES

PAPAPAhospitalhospital

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a

15ECCE

Follow-up3

The moon was high in the night

sky, surrounded by a thousand

stars, and the snow was lit up

almost as if it were daytime.

We were there to see the wolves,

with an unregistered guide (the best

way to see Yellowstone, in my opin-

ion). It was cold, but not too cold, and we

had set off from base camp two hours before

sundown to get into position at the top of the

valley. Our guide had not guaranteed we would

see any wolves (in fact, he had specifically said

he couldn’t guarantee it) but we could hear

them howling – and that alone was worth it.

Then we saw them, gliding across the snow

as silent as ghosts; four, no five, no eight

wolves. They crossed the expanse of

snow down below us without a glance

in our direction, and were gone.

Yellowstone National ParkThe oldest and most beautiful national park in thenation, Yellowstone is a place you won’t be able to visitwithout using superlatives. You could, for example,see:

●● one of the largest high-altitude lakes in the U.S.A.

●● one of the largest petrified forests in the world.

●● the biggest volcano system in North America.

●● the tallest geyser in the world.

Or just come to enjoy the open spaces, the unspoiledforests, the rushing rivers and thundering waterfalls.Go camping with your children as your parents did withyou; show them what the real countryside looks like.Go hiking in the mountains. Or just sit and gaze aroundyou in wonder.

But whatever you do: visit Yellowstone at least once inyour lifetime!

See the real Yellowstone – not just the part that most

tourists wander blindly around, ignorantly believing it’s

the real thing.

Unlike the official tour guides, I’ll take you on a real

adventure down one of the wildest rivers in the world, fol-

lowed by a trek through an area I like to call Wolf Valley.

We’ll hear the wolves howling from where we camp at

night, and might even get to see one of the packs that fre-

quent the area. We’ll also visit Bear Meadows to watch

my namesakes, the grizzlies, catch salmon from the river.

With Grizzly Adamson you get an adventure, not just a

vacation.

Rules for Campers●● Camping permits are free, but you must have

one to camp outside of the designated campingzones.

●● You are strongly advised to use the designatedcampgrounds unless you are an experiencedcamper. Yellowstone Park is home to wild ani-mals, and some areas of the park can be dan-gerous.

●● All food must be kept in closed containers andhung away from your tent, at a height of over tenfeet, to avoid attracting bears.

●● Making animal sounds in an attempt to attractwildlife is strictly prohibited, as are any devicesthat produce such sounds.

●● An open fire can spread rapidly, destroyingplants and trees. For this reason, please lightfires only in the designated fire pits.

●● Do not feed animals or leave food out to attractthem. Use only the sealed trash containers pro-vided to dispose of your trash.

What would you find most interesting about Yellowstone National Park?

AC

DB

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16ECCE

ECCE GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

EXAM PRACTICE 1

1 He, ...... his brother, is a really successful lawyer.a unlike ofb unlikec unlike tod dislike

2 My parents ...... Paris many times.a have been tob have gone toc go ind have been in

3 Would you prefer a vacation in the city or in the countryside? ...... is fine by me.

a Whatever choosingb Either you choosec Whether you choosed Whichever you choose

4 “I’ll pick you up at six.”“OK. I ...... everything by then.”

a finishb am finishingc will have finishedd will be finishing

5 You should have ...... them the truth.a toldb told toc saidd said to

6 “I didn’t like his latest book.”“Neither ...... .”

a I didb did Ic I didn’td didn’t I

7 My father ...... to be an athlete.a got usedb was usedc is usedd used

8 Let’s hurry. Mrs. Smith recommended ...... on time.a us to beb we will bec we bed that we will be

9 The majority of the workers are in favor ...... the strike.a fromb byc ford of

10 “How much money do you have with you?”“...... .”

a Nothingb No onec Noned No much

11 “Do you like Susan?”“Yes, I find her very ...... .”

a attractingb attractivelyc attractived attracted

12 Would it bother you if I ...... ?a would smokeb will smokec had smokedd smoked

13 “I can’t believe you ...... haven’t mailed the invitations.”“I’ll mail them today, I promise.”

a stillb yetc neverd already

14 ...... people enjoy camping while others prefer stayingin hotels.

a Someb Otherc Othersd Some others

15 Quiet! The movie ...... .a it startsb is about to startc is about startingd starting

16 “Why didn’t you like the lead actor?”“Well, apart from his ...... , the role he played was silly.”

a poorly performanceb poor performancec poor performingd performance poorly

17 It was Paul that Mary ...... on his birthday.a gave a book tob gave a bookc gave him a bookd gave a book to him

18 You have to be home by eleven ...... you like it or not.a either ifb whetherc or elsed either

Choose the correct word or phrase that best completes the sentence or conversation.

GRAMMAR

SAMPLE

.... to be an athletet used

as used

1

PAGESer you if I ... ?sm

will smokehad smokedmoked

3 “I can’t believ“I’ll mail them

ab

19 If you need ...... about the trip, you can ask Mr. Harris.a an informationb informationsc informationd many information

20 “Why are your clothes dirty?”“I ...... some roses in the garden.”

a plantb am plantingc have been plantingd had been planting

21 I wear ...... old jeans when I do the housework.a anb thisc thatd these

22 My parents weren’t ...... with my grades this semester.a satisfyingb satisfiedc satisfactoryd satisfaction

23 Her brother was arrested ...... armed robbery.a ofb onc ford with

24 It’s the first time I ...... part in a contest.a have takenb takec am takingd have been taking

25 I don’t think Tom’s coming. Waiting any longer for himwould be ...... of time.

a wasteb a wastec the wasted wasted

26 Well, ...... that way, it would be better to buy a housethis year instead of next year.

a to look atb looking at itc lookingd look at it

27 “Was Amy upset when they didn’t show up for dinner?”“Yes, she was very annoyed ...... .”

a about themb for themc with themd with it

28 “Why are you doing business with them?”“Because they’re a ...... firm.”

a respectingb respectablec respectfullyd respect

29 They were counting on us ...... the project before thedeadline.

a for finishingb to be finishedc to finishd being finished

30 Before TV, radio had the role of informing people ......in the world.

a about what happenedb what happenedc what it happenedd about happening

31 I met John in Chicago, ...... I attended college.a in whichb whichc in whered where

32 Jill won’t have finished the book ...... this evening.a untilb aboutc afterd as soon as

33 It’s important to ...... of your friends.a supportb be supportivec be supportingd give support

34 We ...... going now; it’s getting late.a would be betterb had betterc had better bed would rather

35 “Did you hear about Tom breaking the store window?”“Oh, he’s always ...... stupid things like that!”

a to dob doesc doingd do

17ECCE

SAMPLE

Waiting any

that way, it winstead of nextook a

g at it

PAGESe role of informing

ppenedppenedhappenedappenin

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b hichin whe

d

l wo

18ECCE

36 I haven’t decided who to ...... for in the election.a selectb ballotc choosed vote

37 It’s my parents’ thirtieth wedding ...... on Sunday.a dayb partyc anniversaryd festival

38 Derek isn’t here. He’s been away on sick ...... for threedays.

a holidayb restc breakd leave

39 After hours of questioning, he ...... to murdering hiswife.

a acceptedb deniedc refusedd confessed

40 We always ...... extra staff in the summer.a take onb bring onc get ind turn in

41 Put the turkey in an oven dish and ...... it for six hours.a fryb roastc baked boil

42 Many different species are in danger of becoming ...... .a extinctb extinguishedc deadd death

43 I’m going away on a business ...... next week.a journeyb tripc traveld voyage

44 Preparations for the event are well ...... .a underwayb in the wayc on the wayd out of the way

45 Did he ...... in passing his driving test?a achieveb accomplishc managed succeed

46 I’d left my wallet at home so I ...... some money fromJane.

a owedb lentc borrowedd asked

47 He was ...... a diploma on completion of the course.a graduatedb rewardedc prizedd awarded

48 John was ...... from the team for threatening the coach.a exitedb exiledc expelledd evicted

49 We’ve been ...... for the school play since last week.a rehearsingb actingc trainingd pretending

50 She is a(n) ...... of the United States.a residentb occupierc renterd tenant

51 Your contribution is ...... appreciated.a greatlyb widelyc vastlyd largely

52 Clare will be ... her final exams next week.a achievingb takingc performingd giving

53 He ...... me that he would do his best.a ensuredb insuredc assuredd pressured

Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence.

VOCABULARY

SAMPLE

and ...... it for six h

cies are in danct

tinguishedad

PAGESa on completiod

ed

awa

hn was ..... fromexited

b exiledcd

54 The CD player was faulty, so I demanded a ...... .a depositb refundc rewardd fare

55 I like chicken soup, especially if it has a ...... of pepperin it.

a quantityb pinchc speckd spoon

56 Her unexpected arrival threw us into ...... .a ignoranceb misunderstandingc confusiond failure

57 You have to ...... any broken objects.a missb searchc misplaced replace

58 They were not sure whether they should ...... with theproject.

a planb proceedc accompanyd join

59 In spite of the traffic, we ...... to get to the theater intime for the first act.

a managedb performedc assistedd prepared

60 The ...... between the students’ essays made theteacher suspicious.

a resemblanceb coincidencec circumstanced liking

61 Ellen ...... the report quickly before handing it toRobert.

a staredb glancedc blinkedd scanned

62 Being a high school teacher, he is ...... to dealing withteenagers.

a adjustedb acceptedc accustomedd familiar

63 He ...... the unknown word in the dictionary.a looked upb looked afterc looked throughd looked to

64 We can arrange an appointment for whatever time ......you.

a fitsb suitsc doesd likes

65 Jan became upset when Bob ...... to help her.a deniedb rejectedc refusedd resisted

66 The train station is ...... located near my office.a comfortablyb easilyc convenientlyd considerately

67 We sell good quality cars at ...... prices.a logicalb reasonablec liberald rational

68 The victims were ...... for minor injuries at the scene ofthe accident.

a recoveredb recuperatedc conservedd treated

69 ...... , every classroom will have computers.a Eventuallyb Currentlyc Exceptionallyd Entirely

70 I never ...... for Dan to find out about the letter.a waitedb aimedc intendedd proposed

19ECCE

SAMPLE

et to the theater in

he studentsuspicio

semblancencide

stance

PAGESntment for whate

came upset whenenied

b rejecterefused

d

tr

FCE20

NOTE:The simple past can be used instead of the simple past perfect after: before, until, after and as soon as.

They didn’t stop fighting until the police (had) arrived.As soon as he (had) put the phone down, it started ringing again.

Unit 1 Lesson C

Simple Past

1 action done by somebody no longer alive Peter Sellers starred in a lot of comedies.2 past actions that happened one after the other She did the dishes, took a bath and went to bed.3 past habits or repeated actions She worked as a model when she was younger.

He played tennis every weekend back then.

Simple Past Perfect

1 past action that happened before another By the time the party ended the sun had already risen.action or stated time in the past We had cleaned the whole house by midday.

2 after: that / it was the first /second / only, That was the second time he had asked me out to dinner.etc. time ...

3 after: that / it / he, etc. was + superlative She was the most beautiful woman he had ever seen.

Past Perfect Progressive

1 past action of certain duration before We had been waiting for half an hour before the bus came.another action or stated time in the past By six o’clock, he had been working on the computer for five hours.

2 past action with certain duration that had He had been walking in the rain; that’s why his clothes were soaked.a visible result in the past

Past Progressive

1 action in progress at a specific past time She was waiting at the bus stop when I saw her.He found some old coins while he was digging in his garden.Janet was cooking while her husband was cutting the grass.

2 temporary past action or state That summer, he was working in a restaurant in Leeds.3 sth was happening very / too often, Grandpa was always smoking in front of the children.

usually to show annoyance (with always, My brother was continually losing his keys.constantly, continually, forever)

NOTE:1 How long ago was it that he left school?

How long ago is it (OR: has it been)since you (last) ate out?

It is (OR: has been) four months since he had(OR: has had)the accident.

2 Used to and would are also used for habitual pastactions.

Mum used to read / would read me a bedtimestory every night.

BUT: We used to live in the same block of flats. [NOT: ... we would live ... – would is not usedfor states]

Did you use to like his songs?We didn’t use to exercise / never used to

exercise much.

GRAMMAR

Past Tenses

COMPARE:

When they came, I made dinner. (= first they came, then I made dinner)When they came, I was making dinner. (= I was in the middle of making dinner when they came)When they came, I had made dinner. (= first I made dinner, then they came)

COMPARE:

She’s been crying; that’s why her eyes are red. She had been crying; that’s why her eyes were red.

SAMPLE

past can be used incan be used indidn’t stop fighting udidn’t stop fighting

soon asoon he he (had) pu(had)AMPLEanotheranother By the tBy the tWee hh

econd / onlyond / only,, Th

waswas + + superlativesuperlative

LEmmer, h

ndpandpa was alwayMy brothery brother was contw

SSSI

PAGESAat the bus stop wheat the bus stop

old coins while heold coins while hgg while her huwhile

s works wo

me blockme bloe ... – .. wouldwould isis

ike his songs?ke his songs?e too exercise exercise / neverne

much.much

Theatres in Shakespeare’s time were very different

from today. The stage [1] was sticking / stuck out into

the audience, and people [2] stood / were standing

around it or even [3] sat / were sitting on the edge.

Sometimes while the actors [4] would play / were

playing, the audience [5] would throw / were throwing

rotten tomatoes and eggs at them to show they

[6] wouldn’t like / didn’t like the performance.

However, if they liked someone, they [7] would cheer /

were cheering him enthusiastically. The stage

[8] didn’t have / wouldn’t have curtains, but the back

was two storeys high. The upper storey was the

balcony where, for example, Juliet used to stand

when she was talking to Romeo. As there [9] weren’t /

weren’t being any curtains, there wasn’t much

furniture on the stage. Also, anyone who [10] ‘died /

would die’ had to be carried off. As in ancient Greece,

only male actors [11] would perform / were performing.

Boys with high voices [12] were taking / used to take

the female roles.

1 The twins were helping their mother prepare for the

party.

2 My grandfather would have brown hair before it

went grey.

3 Clare was visiting her grandmother regularly when

she was young.

4 Alex studied for three hours last night.

5 What were you doing when he arrived?

6 It was the second time I was seeing the film.

7 Brad Pitt starred in many good films.

8 When we got to the station, the train was leaving.

9 They went out after they had finished their

homework.

10 She had gone to the cinema last night.

1 When I was a baby, I cried / was crying a lot.

2 How much cake did she eat / had she eaten by the time she left?

3 She had a much better sense of humourbefore she met / had met her husband.

4 I wasn’t working / hadn’t been working longwhen my wife came home.

5 What had you done / were you doing themoment the earthquake shook the city?

6 It was the first time I was eating / had eatenmoussaka.

7 My parents were living / lived in London when Iwas born.

8 He had been drinking / was drinking that night,which is why he had an accident.

9 Shakespeare has written / wrote many popularplays.

10 She had been working / has been working allday, so she was very tired.

1 They ................................. (not walk) for more thanan hour when black clouds appeared in the sky.

2 He .......................... (wake) up early, ......................(have) a coffee and ........................ (start) studying.

3 Dad ............................. (lie) on the sofa while I was preparing lunch.

4 How long ago was it that you .................................(buy) the car?

5 I was late because I ................................. (try) tofind a taxi for half an hour.

6 He didn’t feel hungry because he ...........................(have) a sandwich earlier.

7 When I arrived, the meeting .......... already

....................... (finish).

8 It is four years since he ................................. (stop)playing football.

9 It was the best book I ................................. (read) –until I discovered Harry Potter, that is.

10 He .......... continually ....................... (interrupt) me during the lesson; it was unbelievably annoying.

3 Fill in the simple past, past progressive, simple past perfect or past perfect progressive.

4 Tick (✓) if the sentence is correct or correct the mistake.

FCE21


GRAMMAR PRACTICE


SAMPLE

at / m

h better ser ssense ofmet / had mett / had t her hu

working / hadn’t b/ hadn’t bbeemy wife came hommy wife came

at had you done / whad you done / nt the earthqt the earth

first i t

PAGES....................................hour.hour.

ngry because he gry because he .wich earlier.h earlier.

ived, the meeting ived, the meeting

............. (finish)finish)..

four years since heears since hplaying football.aying football.

99 It was the best It was the best until I discoveuntil I dis

1010 He He .....duringd

FCE22

LANGUAGE PRACTICE

1 It’s raining in London.

It’s always raining in London.

It rains a lot in London.

2 She always answers the phone for him.

She’s always answering the phone for him.

3 I travelled abroad a lot.

I was travelling a lot last summer.

4 You are rude.

You are being rude.

5 He used to play outdoors.

He was used to playing outdoors.

6 Did you see Susan yesterday?

Didn’t you see Susan yesterday?

Fill in the correct word.

1 My weekly ................ will increase now that I’ve beenpromoted.

2 I always run out of money before I receive my................ at the end of the month.

wage, salary

1 Despite her age, she still had a ................ innocence.

2 Stop being so ................ and give the doll back toyour little sister!

1 I liked the pie so much that I asked Mum for a second ................ .

2 Ten pounds for a ................ of fish and chips isridiculous!

1 My babysitter would never leave a child alone; she is a very ................ person.

2 You have to be careful what you say to Jenny - she’s very ................ and gets upset easily.

1 sensible, sensitive3

childish, childlike2 portion, helping4

A WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?

B WORD CONFUSION

dangerous improved paid admired missed competitive

greatly

highly

Tick (✓) the correct boxes.

unlikely skilled

1 You can’t work so many hours only with a cup of coffee.2 The little boy sat opposite from the window.3 Don’t approach the cliff. It’s dangerous.4 I’m sure this man is speaking the truth.5 When she turned on the light, it happened the same thing.6 What colour has your new skirt?7 The time is eight o’clock.8 The strong air blew his hat away.9 That’s a very cheap price.

10 Who speak English?

booked wrong different unexpected recovered aware

fully

entirely

committed mistaken

C COLLOCATIONS

D RIGHT OR WRONG?SAMPLE to

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FCE23

Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.

1 As a child, I got ill very often.USED

As a child, I ................................................ ill veryoften.

2 I haven’t had an answer to my question yet.STILL

I am .............................. an answer to my question.

3 There’s the bus at last.COMES

Here ................................... at last!

4 Jenny began to learn Spanish eight months ago.LEARNING

Jenny ................................................ eight months.

5 I’ve never met such kind people.FIRST

It’s the .......................................... such kind people.

6 The last time he went to a circus was a year ago.BEEN

He .......................................... a circus for a year.

7 I’m sick of you laughing at my ideas all the time.FOREVER

Why .............................................. at my ideas?

8 They came to England six years ago.IN

They .......................................... six years.

9 We met each other two years ago.KNOWN

We ................................................ two years.

10 My sister doesn’t want to get a job right now.LOOKING

My sister ............................................ a job at themoment.

11 We haven’t been to a museum for a long time.SINCE

It’s .................................................. we visited amuseum.

12 I don’t usually walk long distances, so I get tiredeasily.USED

I am ........................................ long distances, so Iget tired easily.

13 He drove around for a long time; then he found thehotel.DRIVING

He .......................................... around for a longtime before he found the hotel.

14 I injured my ankle during the football match.I

While ....................................... , I injured my ankle.

15 I haven’t seen Adam since he moved house.LAST

The ............................. Adam was before he movedhouse.

16 The boat left before we arrived.TIME

The boat .......................................... we arrived.

[See Example Transformations at back of book.]

1 amaze

●● We stood ................. as Rupert dived off thebridge into the icy water.

●● He looked at her in ................. .

2 amuse

●● She looked at him in ................... .

●● I know Jimmy can be annoying, but I find himquite ................. at times.

3 announce

●● The radio ........................ had a strong Britishaccent.

●● We were told to expect an ........................about the results on Thursday.

2 Use the correct form of the word in colour to complete thesentences.

1 Fill in the correct form of the word in capitals to completethe sentence.

1 They had a violent ..................... the last timethey met. AGREE

2 Some preparation is ..................... before you go on such a long trip. ADVICE

3 Please offer my ..................... to your father forthe delay. APOLOGISE

4 Making ........................ about his guilt could leadto a terrible mistake being made. ASSUME

5 Despite their frequent ........................ they loveeach other very much. ARGUE

6 I left work early because I had a dental

...................... . APPOINT

E KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS

F WORD FORMATION

SAMPLE

years

1

of the word in capita

olent ..............

e preparation isgo on such a lo

ffer my

PAGESes, so

.......... long distan

or a long time; the

.................efore he found the

my ankle dI

While ...........

I haven’t seeAST

FCE24

➊ Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.

1 How long has he been here?GET When ...................................................................... here?

2 Look! Your teacher is coming.COMES Look! ...................................................................... your teacher.

3 I haven’t been out for a meal for months.WENT The ...................................................................... out for a meal was months ago.

4 When I lived in Newcastle I cycled to work every day.WOULD When I lived in Newcastle ...................................................................... to work every day.

5 We plan to go and live in East Africa for a couple of years.THINKING We ...................................................................... to live in East Africa for a couple of years.

6 I haven’t been to a concert for years.SINCE It’s ........................................................................................................... to a concert.

7 When we were young, we went to bed early every night.USED When we were young, we ......................................................... to bed early every night.

8 Tina relaxed once her son came home.UNTIL Tina ...................................................................... her son came home.

9 When did the post arrive?AGO How ...................................................................... the post arrive?

10 I didn’t go out until I had finished writing the letter.SOON I ...................................................................... I had finished writing the letter.

11 When was the first time you met Charles?MEET When ...................................................................... Charles for the first time?

12 When did you last speak to your mother?SINCE How long is ...................................................................... to your mother?

13 They would constantly fight when they were young.FIGHTING They ...................................................................... when they were young.

14 He didn’t usually eat late at night.HABIT He wasn’t ...................................................................... late at night.

15 You are behaving very stupidly about this.BEING You ...................................................................... about this.

16 When was the last time you ate Chinese food?DID When ...................................................................... Chinese food?

17 I haven’t had my car serviced for months.SINCE It’s ........................................................................................................... my car serviced.

18 They’re thinking of producing an album together later this year.PLAN They ...................................................................... an album together later this year.

19 She didn’t begin talking until all the students had sat down.BEFORE She waited until all the students had sat down .................................................. talking.

20 He would always take us to the park on Sundays.USED He ...................................................................... us to the park on Sundays.

21 I have never seen a better performance than this.BEST This is the ...................................................................... seen.

22 I began to wash up after the children had gone to bed.UNTIL I didn’t begin ...................................................................... the children had gone to bed.

23 I started painting four hours ago and now I’m exhausted.BEEN I ...................................................................... four hours and now I’m exhausted.

24 She had been an employee here for only a week when she was fired.WORKING She ...................................................................... only a week when she was fired.

25 It was nearly six months since they had last seen each other.NOT They ...................................................................... each other for nearly six months.

26 The last time he came to visit us was a year ago.NOT He ...................................................................... us for a year.

27 I bought this camera in 2005.HAVE I ...................................................................... 2005.

ADDITIONAL PRACTICE

SAMPLE ....

....................

..........................Chinese fo

.......................... for month

...............ng an album

.........................ng until all the

e waited until all tys take us to t

H ....

never seen a bThis is the

wash u

PAGESoncert.

early every night.

home

ve

shed writing the

.... Charles fo

......

he

28 How long ago was their house burgled?SINCE How long ...................................................................... their house was burgled?

29 We had never talked about it before.FIRST That was the ...................................................................... about it.

30 We had never seen a worse film.WORST That was the ...................................................................... seen.

31 It is a week since I last went to work.NOT I have ...................................................................... a week.

32 We came to Rome a month ago.HAVE We ...................................................................... a month now.

33 I started cleaning up after they had left.UNTIL I waited ...................................................................... I started cleaning up.

34 We are still doing our homework, Mum.YET We haven’t ...................................................................... , Mum.

35 Jill is the kindest woman I’ve ever met.NEVER I ...................................................................... woman than Jill.

36 The last time I saw you was ages ago.SEEN I ...................................................................... ages.

FCE25

➋ Fill in the correct form of the word in capitals to complete the sentence.

1 Is there anywhere in this house I can work ............................... ? DISTURB

2 After his father’s death, the ............................... of the company became his responsibility. MANAGE

3 The doctor has assured me that the treatment is quite ............................... . PAIN

4 Are you sure the ............................... of the living room is two metres? WIDE

5 Thieves have stolen a ............................... painting from the National Gallery. PRICE

6 In a moment of ............................... he asked her to marry him. MAD

7 After the wife was cleared of her husband’s murder, ............................... fell on the son. SUSPECT

8 Phil’s ............................... is really awful; sometimes he can’t even read it himself. WRITE

9 Suzie couldn’t wait to leave home and become totally ............................... . DEPEND

10 It is commonly known that junk food is of little ............................... value. NUTRIENT

11 Going back into the burning house to get the dog was very ............................... of you. HERO

12 The ............................... into the robbery has not been completed. INVESTIGATE

13 I don’t have any other means of ............................... on me apart from my credit cards. IDENTIFY

14 It was ............................... that she didn’t have an accident. FORTUNE

15 The ............................... of her mother upset her tremendously. DIE

16 Her father gave her ............................... to stay out late. PERMIT

17 You can’t talk to anyone about this; it’s ............................... . CONFIDE

18 She had no ............................... of inviting him to her party. INTEND

19 I looked at her in ............................... ; I was sure she was lying. BELIEVE

20 ..............................., I think it’s a great idea. PERSONAL

21 ‘I think you owe me an ............................... ,’ she said. EXPLAIN

22 What a change! You’re practically ............................... , Martin. RECOGNISE

23 He waited ............................... for them to finish. PATIENT

24 He worked hard in ............................... for the exam. PREPARE

25 That was ............................... the best performance I’ve seen lately. EASE

26 He gave a very ............................... account of his journey. DESCRIBE

27 Flu is a(n) ............................... illness. INFECT

28 I like Tom but I don’t find him ................................ ATTRACT

SAMPLE .. o

ent is quihe living room i

. ainting fromhe asked her to

er husband’s murdreally awful; som

ve home ant junk food is

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PAGESup.

.

entence.

. ?y

FCE26

Unit 1 Lesson D

Read the following passage quickly (no more thantwo minutes) to decide if the following statementsare true or false. Explain why.

1 When Philippe first went to the circus, he only enjoyed the tightrope act.

2 His mother disliked his activity because it wasn’t an Olympic sport.

3 He disliked safety nets because they often didn’t work.

4 He had fallen many times in his career.

5 He made fun of critics because they were too imaginative.

6 For him, tightrope walking was just a job.

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

You are going to read part of a story about a tightrope walker. Forquestions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fitsbest according to the text.

When Philippe first went to the circus, as a boy ofsix, he was fascinated by the spectacle; the hugecrowd, the lights, the different acts. The clownsallowed everyone to relax between the moments ofdanger. Without them, people wouldn’t have beenable to stand the tension of the trapeze artists flyingthrough the air, or the acrobats performing theirincredible tricks on horseback.

Most of all, it was the final act – the tightrope walker – that had held Philippe’s interest. Up high,above them all, taking his lonely walk in the air, eventhe slightest mistake would have cost him his lifebecause, in those days, a safety net wasn’t used.

Philippe could think of nothing else. He evendreamed about it – a long rope leading across impossibly wide chasms and he, unafraid, walkingslowly and steadily across it. On his way home fromschool, where other children avoided the cracks,Philippe walked along them, or on the tops of walls orthe edge of the pavement.

When he was twelve, he tied a rope across the garden, from one big tree to the back gate. His motherwas at a loss what to do about it. ‘Football I can understand,’ she said. ‘Ice-skating, motorbikes, evenwater polo. But this? This? It isn’t even an Olympicsport!’

He ignored her, but she had a point. By the time hewas eighteen, and felt good enough to perform inpublic, things had changed. There were far fewer circuses now, and they were bigger and more organised,and their insurance companies insisted on the use ofa safety net. Philippe saw this as cheating, for where was the thrill for the crowd ifa fall meant nothing?And where was thethrill for himself?

So he took hisshow to thestreets. He foundplaces around Pariswhere people likedto gather, and wherethere were two treesspaced widely apart.There he would tie hisrope, jump up and beginhis walk.

Toeing the Line

Have you ever seen any of these performers?Where / When?

Label the pictures: trapeze artist / strongman / acrobat / tightrope walker / juggler / clown

A ......................... B .........................

C ......................... D .........................

E ......................... F .........................

Lead-in1

Reading Skills2

Reading Preparation for Part 1 FCE READING Part 1

SAMPLELEsage quickly (no morsage quickly (no mo

ide if the following stf the following Explain why.Explain why.

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50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

Theatres and cinemas were good, as the people queuing for tickets proved generous with theirmoney. Bars, however, could be dangerous – once adrunk had tried to get up onto a rope with him andthey had both fallen. The drunk was badly hurt – theytook him off in an ambulance – but Philippe not sobadly; he had fallen so many times that he had learntthat falling was also an art, just like walking.

He certainly considered what he did as an art, aswell as entertainment, as well as magic. He once tolda friend, ‘You are watched by many, yet you are aloneup there. If you were on television, but could see thepeople watching, that would be a bit like tightropewalking.’

He made fun of critics who said that in theory therewas no difference between walking along a pavementand walking along a rope. ‘In theory, yes,’ he said. ‘Intheory, they could fly in rockets, swim with dolphins.In theory, they could have film stars inviting them outto dinner.’

For Philippe it was something miraculous. ‘Atightrope walker never looks at the rope, never looksdown. For me, it is like I am walking on air, and thehigher I am, the more it feels that way. If I could tie arope between two mountain tops, I would do it.’

People got to hear of Philippe and, slowly, he collected a group of people around him: Henri, whohad swallowed pebbles as a baby, stones as a childand now swallowed swords and fire; Brigitte, a juggler; Ernst, a strongman who bent bicycles withhis bare hands. Soon they were touring the countryand, in Philippe’s words, ‘bringing the old-style circus of skill, art and magic into people’s hearts andminds.’

He never forgot the role of the clown, however, andhis closest friend was Claude, a tiny man who camerunning on between acts to make the audience roarwith laughter. Relieving the tension of the previousact, he prepared them to be astonished by the next.

1 Philippe liked the tightrope walker becauseA the other acts were quite dull.B it was the most fascinating act.C it was the last act.D he refused to use a safety net.

2 The word ‘them’ in line 19 refers to A journeys home from school.B children.C the tops of walls.D cracks.

3 His mother disapproved of his hobby becauseA she couldn’t see the point of it.B it wasn’t an Olympic sport.C she was worried about his safety.D she preferred team sports.

4 He didn’t join a circus becauseA he couldn’t find a position.B there were so few around.C he could make better money in the streets.D he disapproved of their new methods.

5 He wasn’t hurt by the fall mentioned in paragraphseven becauseA he wasn’t drunk.B he had learnt how to fall.C he had a safety net.D he landed on top of the drunk.

6 He criticised the critics forA revealing his secrets to the public.B living such luxurious lifestyles.C talking about things they had never done.D attacking the circus and its performers.

7 The group Philippe toured the country withA performed traditional circus acts.B included a child who swallowed pebbles.C performed new-style magic tricks.D tricked their audiences.

8 The clown’s function was toA give people’s nerves a chance to settle.B stop the performance being taken so seriously.C distract the audience from errors in the

performance.D provide the audience with what they expected.

FCE27

1 Why do people go to the circus?

2 What reasons are given for Philippe’s love of tightrope walking?

3 What do you think of his mother’s attitude?

Follow-up3

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FCE28

●● What is the link between the three jobs?●● What would you need to be able to do jobs like these? Think in terms of skills / qualifications / knowledge.●● Would you like to do any of these jobs? Why?

A ................................ B ................................ C ................................

Match the words with the pictures: interior design, industrial design, graphic design

Many words have more than one meaning. Find the words in the following text and choose the correct meanings according to the context.

You are going to read a magazine article about design. Seven sentences have been removed from the article. Choosefrom the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

1 vital (para. 1)

2 space (para. 2)

3 original (para. 3)

4 look (para. 4)

5 point (para. 7)

a full of life

a open area

a first

a way of looking at sb

a sharp end

b very important

b everything outside earth and its atmosphere

b new

b appearance

b purpose

THE INVISIBLE HAND

Here’s a riddle. What is everywhere but can’t

be touched, part of every manufactured item but

impossible to separate from it, a vital element in

everything from a jumbo jet to a café menu?

The answer is design. Designers are

at work everywhere. Among the most famous

are the architects, who give our homes and

workplaces their shape; the interior designers

colour and furnish the space within.

These, however, are only a small proportion of

the huge number of professional designers.

2

1

FCE READING Part 2

Lead-in1

Reading Skills2

Reading Preparation for Part 2

MPLE

MPgazine article aboue one which fits e

y of looking at sby of looking at sb

sharp endsharp end

b

b

T

ere’s a riddle. W

hed, part

PAGESESskills / qualificationsills / qualifications

C C ..........................

owing text and cowing text and c

ry

ESES

A riddle is a question that sounds like nonsense but actually has a logical and clever answer. See if you can figure out theanswers to the following:

1 What gets wetter the more it dries? ................................2 What gets bigger the more you take away from it? ................................3 What gets shorter the longer it lives? ................................

Follow-up3

FCE29

car you bought in 2005 already looks a bit out of

date, and soon you’ll have to think about getting

a new one.

The other main design area is graphics,

which can involve the menus mentioned earlier,

as well as book covers, shop signs and

magazine layout – anything in fact that requires

the use of colour and print. The very page you

are reading has been designed by a graphic

artist, the spacing, colour and print carefully

thought out to create the right harmony.

The particular design of an alphabet is called a

‘font’; the one you are reading is called

Helvetica.

Wherever you go, wherever you look, the

invisible hand of the designer has been at work,

constructing something they hope will be

pleasing to your eye so you will do something

pleasing for their employers; put your hand in

your pocket. For that, in the end, is the whole

point of modern-day design: to sell.

7

The most numerous are the industrial designers.

The original purpose of industrial design

was deeply connected with function: the shape of

a pencil is defined by its use; that of writing; a

plane will only fly if it looks like, well, a plane.

With many products, the design became

related to the covering of the working parts – in

other words, its look – and here industrial design

was truly born. The car, in terms of its working

parts, has changed very little since the days of

the Model T Ford. A streamlined shape

makes sense with cars, planes and trains, but this

elegant appearance has also entered the area of

static objects. This is one of the chief

contributions that industrial design has made to

products: the addition of style.

Industrial design has also contributed to the

creation of seasons. The big car companies,

electronic equipment manufacturers and even toy

firms have followed the clothing industry in

producing new designs every year. The6

5

4

3

A This is done not because new developments have been made, but primarily to create a climateof ‘the newest is the best’.

B Then, of course, there are the fashion designers who tell us what to wear all year round.

C Even the shapes of the letters themselves have a design.

D Nowadays, household appliances, from toasters to stereos, are given this thin, smooth shape,despite the fact that they are not required to move.

E Some might disagree, but in my opinion this is one of the most varied and under-recognisedjobs in the world.

F Theirs is a relatively new profession, born in the early days of factories.

G Such advanced technology is in little need of a makeover.

H In terms of its look, however, the modern car is a completely different thing.SAMPLE

SAMPLE

SAMPLE

SAMPLE

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e fashion designers

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appliances, from at they are n

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FCE30

RUSSIA

3

2

4

1

6

5

POLAND

ESTONIA

LATVIA

UKRAINE

TURKEY

BLACK SEABULGARIAITALY

GREECE

MEDITERRANEAN SEA

AUSTRIA SLOVAKIA

BALTIC SEA

its varied geography?

its benefits to the body?

a geographical feature said

to be the largest of its kind?

value for money?

seaside holidays? 87

6

54

32

1 handmade souvenirs?

a type of food?

its dense woodlands?

traditional celebrations?

an activity holiday? 15

14

13

1211

109

Which place is recommended for

You are going to read an article about travel in Eastern Europe. For questions 1-15, choose from the countries (A-F).The countries may be chosen more than once.

Work with a partner. Can you match the cities and countries A-Fwith the places (1-6) on the map? If you need any help, have aquick look at the text on the next page for some clues.

A Belarus

B Lithuania

C Czech Republic

D Hungary

E Croatia

F Romania

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

..........

The following have all been taken from the questions for the reading task below. Can you think of three more examples foreach one?

1 type of food

2 geographical feature

3 activity holiday

4 handmade souvenir

..............................

..............................

..............................

..............................

..............................

..............................

..............................

..............................

..............................

..............................

..............................

..............................

..............................

..............................

..............................

..............................

salad

lake

windsurfing

pottery

FCE READING Part 3

Lead-in1

Reading Skills2

Reading Preparation for Part 3

AMPLE

SAMAMAMs recomme

g to read an article aes may be chose

r the reading tar the

..................................

................

...............

..

...

......... ..

................ ..............

...................... ................

surfingurfing

potterypottery

AAAMPart 3

AM

PAGES

WHY NOT TRY ... EASTERN EUROPE?

FCE31

Since the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, travel in the former Eastern bloc has become far easier and at a price that makesit doubly attractive. We thought we would look at some of the lesser and better known destinations in Eastern Europe.

Although this north-eastern country has noaccess to the Baltic Sea, unlike many of its neighbours, it is still full of water; rivers, lakesand the famous Pripet Marshes, the largest areaof marsh in Europe. Full of wildlife, especiallybirds, they are popular with nature lovers andbirdwatchers. The wet climate also encouragesthe growth of a wide variety of mushrooms, whichcan be eaten in dozens of mouth-watering dishes. Picking mushrooms is so popular it hasbeen described as the Belorussian national sport.

Just north of Belarus, Lithuania is very much afarming country, despite its Baltic Sea coastline.A lively folk tradition means annual festivals arecolourful, well-attended and an important part ofLithuanian life. The country’s shores are rich inamber. In fact, they produce ninety per cent ofthe world’s supply of this semi-precious stone,which locals work with silver into unique pieces of jewellery.

You do not need to go further than Prague, oneof the most beautiful capitals in Europe, to understand the appeal of the Czech Republic.Bustling with tourists all year round, this ‘city of ahundred (church) spires’ is the place to go toenjoy the many music festivals and to sample theworld-famous Czech beers. However, there ismore to be seen in the country, which is dottedwith centres offering baths in hot mineral springsand other healing waters. These make the placean attractive winter destination.

This beautiful country contains the largest lake in centralEurope, the 231 square mile (598 sq. km.) Lake Balaton,which lies some fifty miles south-west of Budapest. Warmand sunny in summer, it is ideal for fishing and boating holidays,as well as canoeing and windsurfing. Some very good winesare produced on the land to the south of the lake, while theproperties of the water make it popular with old people; as itis said to be an almost magical cure for arthritis and rheumatism.Alternatively, visit historic Budapest itself on the mightyDanube River and sample the country’s spicy cuisine, including dishes like the legendary goulash.

Since the wars following the break-up of Yugoslavia, Croatiahas been struggling to return to its former glory, whentourists flocked to its coasts. Damaged by bombing, the historic city of Dubrovnik – in particular the city walls andport, which date back to 1292 – has been slowly rebuilt. TheDalmation Coast is full of harbours, bays and islands, andhas a Mediterranean climate to rival that of its neighbour,Italy. Tourism is on the increase again, and now is the timeto take advantage of the bargains which are designed tobring visitors back.

Land of the bloodthirsty vampire, Count Dracula, Romania’sgeography ranges from the wild Transylvanian mountains(where the Count’s castle was said to be located), throughthe rolling hills to the plains and the huge Danube Delta onits Black Sea coast, where you can find good beaches. Thisbeautiful countryside, with its thick, ancient forests coveringa quarter of the country, is full of rare animals such as thewild pig, the bear and the wolf. A definite must for the outdoor type. Tiny villages and farms can be found in thehighlands, where (many) locals still practise traditional craftssuch as carving, carpet weaving and pottery.

1 Have you ever visited any of these places? If so, what was it like? If not, which would you like to visit? Why?

2 Are any of the attractions mentioned above the kind of thing you would look for when planning a holiday?

Follow-up3

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EXAM PRACTICE 1

TO ALL CANDIDATES

Phrasal verbs are often tested in

Part 1, as in Q4 here.

1 A moving B motion C movement D mobility

2 A created B formed C made D born

3 A image B illustration C picture D shape

4 A apart B up C out D away

5 A coast B edge C shore D end

6 A individually B independently C separately D alone

7 A series B areas C ranges D groups

8 A hitting B smashing C crashing D colliding

9 A way B kind C form D type

10 A by B at C for D in

11 A purpose B condition C end D average

12 A grows B grows up C lengthens D increases

Part 1FCE USE OF ENGLISH

For questions 1-12, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.


When told by richer industrial nations about the importance (1) .................. protectingthe planet, many developing countries replied: ‘You are (2) .................. being fair. Youused up your natural resources and polluted your environment. The forests you had werealmost completely cut (3) .................. to make the ships (4) .................. sailed the earth’soceans to conquer us. The water in many of your lakes and rivers (5) ................. becomepolluted; the air is (6) ................. of smog and chemicals. You did all this to become therich nations you are today. Now you say we must protect our land. But how can we (7) ................ so when our people are still very poor? Don’t we (8) ................... a duty tothem as well as to the planet?’

The difference of opinion (9) ................ rich and poor nations regarding the environment caused many of the problems at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in1992. Proposals to reduce the amount of pollutants produced globally were unacceptable (10) .................. developing nations. They insisted that they would do so only(11) ................. the developed nations gave them money (12) ................... exchange.Who can blame them for this, when the biggest polluter of all, America itself, refused toreduce its own pollutants?

TO ALL CANDIDATESAlways read the text first. Having ageneral impression about what it isabout will help you make the rightchoice of words.

Though the ground we stand on seems to be firm, it is actually in constant (1) ........, and has been since it (2) ........about four billion years ago. The first land was one huge mass, which began to separate about 200 million years agoto form the continents we have today. This process has not stopped, and in another 150 million years a very different(3) ........ will emerge. Scientists believe that Africa will break in two, the larger upper area becoming part of Europe, therest breaking (4) ........ to become a huge island off the (5) ........ of India. Australia and the Antarctic will join together.The earth is divided into huge plates which move (6) ........ of one another. It is their movement that created great mountain (7) ........ like the Himalayas, which were the result of the Indian and Eurasian plates (8) ........ . They are alsoresponsible for earthquakes and volcanic activity. Where two plates move in opposite directions, you will often have volcanoes and wide deep valleys. When two plates slide sideways past one another, they sometimes get stuck. Whenthey jerk apart, we can feel their power in the (9) ........ of earthquakes.All this happens, of course, (10) ....... an extremely slow rate. On (11) ......., the movement is about 2.5 cm per year, aboutthe same speed that a fingernail (12) ........ .

For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

ON SOLID GROUND?

COMING CLEAN ABOUT THE COST

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TO ALL CANDIDATES

There is nearly always at least one negative in Part

3. This is why it is important to understand the

meaning of the whole passage. Also, be careful

with how the negative is formed. Is it with a prefix

(in-, un-, im-, ir-, il-, dis-, mis-, etc.) or a

suffix (useless)?

THE PRICE OF HONESTY

For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at theend of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.

When I was (1) .................. the Pimms Physics Prize, I found the acceptance speech

rather difficult to write. The problem was that I no longer (2) ..................... in many of

the ideas I was getting the prize for. I had experienced a (3) ................... awakening

and didn’t think the laws of physics were very (4) ........................ to humanity after

all. I finally decided that (5) ................................ was the best policy and wrote my

(6) ..................... feelings down to present the next day.

Most of the other (7) ........................ in the room were shocked by my confession.

There was a long (8) ...................... at the end of my speech, then someone shouted

(9) ................... , ‘He ought to be thrown out!’ I soon found myself outside on the

street. It was a very (10) ..................... reaction.

AWARD

BELIEF

SPIRIT

USE

HONEST

DEEP

SCIENCE

SILENT

ANGRY

FORTUNE

For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

1 You are not looking carefully enough to see it.MORE

You’ll see it ................................... carefully.

2 I haven’t seen Tony for two weeks.I

The last time ................................... two weeks ago.

3 Crying won’t change anything, so don’t bother.POINT

There’s ................................... since it won’t changeanything.

4 The escaped prisoners headed for France.BROKEN

The men ................................... of prison headed forFrance.

5 ‘I’m sorry I hurt your feelings, Anne,’ said Mark.APOLOGISED

Mark ................................................... Anne’s feelings.

6 Would you like to borrow the money for the bike fromme?LEND

Would you like .............................. the money for thebike?

7 Do you want to go away this weekend?FEEL

Do you .............................. away this weekend?

8 She reminded me to turn off the lights.FORGET

‘Do ............................... off the lights,’ she said to me.

TO ALL CANDIDATESRemember that the key word must beused in your answer and it must notbe changed in any way. Make surethat the answer makes the secondsentence mean, as far as possible,the same as the lead-in sentence.



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ISBN 13: 978-960-409-735-7

Grammar, Vocabulary & Reading Skills for the ECCE plus Use of English& Reading Skills for the FCE has been designed to thoroughly prepare students for both the GVR section of the ECCE and Papers 1 and 3 of theFCE examination.

Grammar, Vocabulary & Reading Skills for the ECCE plus Use of English& Reading Skills for the FCE includes:

ñ comprehensive coverage of all the grammatical phenomenaencountered at this level.

ñ ample practice in the grammar presented in each unit.ñ ECCE exam-style grammar exercises and Cambridge FCE key

word transformation exercises testing each grammatical phenomenon.

ñ 10 FCE Use of English Practice Tests.ñ 10 FCE Reading Practice Tests.ñ 10 ECCE Grammar and Vocabulary Practice Tests.ñ 10 ECCE Reading Practice Tests.ñ further ECCE Grammar and Vocabulary Practice.ñ additional practice in common errors.ñ alphabetical presentation of phrasal verbs, verbs / adjectives /

nouns with prepositions in exercise form as well as practice inprepositional phrases.

ñ additional practice in key word transformations, covering specialpoints.

ñ example key word transformations, which provide a reference toenable students to cope with the demands of this task.

Grammar, Vocabulary & Reading Skills for the ECCE plus Use of English& Reading Skills for the FCE will provide students with extensive practicein both the Michigan ECCE and Cambridge FCE formats, developing theirgrammatical and lexical skills to the level required for success in BOTHexaminations.

Components: Student’s Book ● Teacher’s Book ● Companion

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