Costsof LeadExposure - michigan.gov · Sponsoring Organizations About the Sponsoring Organizations...

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13

Costs13 of Lead13 Exposure13 and Remediation13 in13 Michigan Update

October 2016 repor prepared by the13 Ecology13 Center13 and13 the13 Michigan Network for

Childrenrsquos13 Environmental13 Health

Costs of Lead Exposure13 and Remediation13 Update 1

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Acknowledgements

About the Author

Costs of Lead13 Exposure and13 Remediation Update was written by Tracy Swinburn MSc Ms Swinburn has a13 degree13 in Economic Development from the13 London School of Economics

Report Reviewers

Special thanks to our reviewers for their contributions to the13 report

Tracey Easthope MPH Ecology Center Sprout Consulting Rebecca Meuninck Ecology Center Michigan Network for Childrenrsquos Environmental Health Tina13 Reynolds Michigan Environmental Council Robert Scott PhD Michigan Department of Health and Human Services Prof Lyke13 Thompson PhD Wayne State University

Report Design13 Tracey Easthope

2Costs of Lead Exposure13 and Remediation13 Update

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Sponsoring Organizations

About the Sponsoring Organizations

Founded in 1970 the13 Ecology Center is organized for one13 purpose13 -shy‐-shy‐ to develop innovative solutions13 for healthy people and a healthy planet We believe that the central question of our time is how human13 beings are going to13 thrive in13 the world13 without destroying the earths ability to sustain us In the13 face13 of enormous environmental challenges virtually all sectors13 of our society are now scrambling to create solutions and the Ecology Center plays13 critical role13 in advancing the13 best models To do that we do the following

bull Educate consumers to13 help13 keep13 their13 families healthy and safe bull Push13 corporations to13 use clean13 energy make safe products and13 provide healthy food bull Provide innovative services that promote healthy people and a healthy planet bull Work with policymakers to establish laws that protect communities and the

environment

The Michigan Network for Childrenrsquos Environmental Health is a coalition of health professionals health-shy‐affected groups environmental organizations and others dedicated to a safe and less toxic world for13 Michigans children Through education outreach and advocacy the MNCEH works to change current13 policies and practices that result in exposure13 of children to environmental toxicants The13 MNCEH is led by the13 Ecology CenterFor more13 information about the13 Michigan Network for Childrenrsquos Environmental Health httpwwwmncehorg


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Table of Contents Executive13 Summary13 5

Ful Report 10

Summary13 Background AnalysisCosts13 of13 Lea Exposure SummaryCosts of Lead AbatementDiscussion

References 31


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Overview

As an13 update to13 our 2014 report13 ldquoEconomic Impacts of Lead Exposure in Michiganrdquo this assessment evaluates the economic impacts of lead poisoning13 among Michigan children by considering the costs of13 four13 well-shy‐documented13 impacts of lead exposure13 1) increased need13 for health13 care 2) increased13 crime 3) increased need for special education and 4) decline13 in lifetime13 earnings By applying methods and metrics from published13 research13 to13 Michigan13 children this report13 illustrates the costs ndash to the Michigan taxpayer and to the public more broadly ndash of lead13 exposure These impacts are13 estimated for one13 snapshot year 201413 compared to our previous report which considered the impacts in13 a 201 snapshot year

We note that this research began in 2013 before Flintrsquos water-shy‐related lead exposures13 and the scope of the work is state-shy‐wide13 The impacts here are calculated using state-shy‐wide elevated blood13 lead13 levels in13 2014 and associated costs13 of education crime health care

Executive Summary

and lifetime13 earnings in 2014 so these calculations reflect13 little of13 the costs associated with Flintrsquos water contamination Instead these figures indicate the baseline costs13 and economic impacts of lead exposure13 in Michigan largely associated with lead paint Based13 o the literature we assume13 lead paint contributes about 70 of childrenrsquos13 total lead levels The additional 30 we13 assume13 comes from other sources including water The significant costs to the residents of13 Flint13 and Michigan taxpayers as a13 result of water contamination in Flint would be additional to the13 annual costs estimated here


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We estimate the costs of lead exposure in Michigan in 2014 to total13 nearly $270 million ($112 million of that is estimated to be passed along to the taxpayer)13 with number of conservative13 assumptions

Compared13 to13 estimated13 costs13 of lead paint remediationabatement ($600 million) investment in lead remediationabatement13 pays for13 itself13 in just over 3 years and beyond that provides many years of positive returns These findings correspond with estimates in Gould (2009) that investments in13 lead13 paint hazard13 control have rates of return13 of $12-shy‐$15513 per every dollar invested This illustrative analysis suggests that lead abatement would be a worthwhile economic investment with considerable13 public health13 benefits as well

Background

This research builds on13 two important13 reports The Price of Pollution and13 Economic Impacts of13 Lead Exposure in Michigan13 The Price of Pollution was released by the Ecology Center13 and the Michigan Network for Childrenrsquos Environmental13 Health in 2010 and examined the annual economic cost13 of13 lead poisoning asthma cancer and developmental disabilities

The Economic Impacts of Lead13 Exposure in Michigan published in 201413 delved more deeply into the economic impacts13 of lead exposure and compared these costs to the cost13 of13 lead abatement in homes13

Costs of Lead Exposure and Remediation13 Update is an update of the 2014 report13 using the latest13 available13 full data13 set from the13 State13 of Michigan

We focus on childhood lead exposure13 because children13 are at the highest risk

for13 becoming lead poisoned and are also the most13 vulnerable to leadrsquos effects Childhood13 lead13 exposure is associated13 with a wide range of irreversible persistent and13 costly health13 effects including reduced cognitive13 function (leading to reduced academic achievement and lower IQ) behavioral problems and13 aggressive behaviors (including attention-shy‐deficithyperactivity disorder and13 delinquent criminal or antisocial behavior)

While elimination of leaded13 gasoline and13 lead paints have greatly reduced13 childrenrsquos13 exposure to lead in recent years13 there are ongoing exposures to historic sources of contamination most often lead-shy‐based13 paint in13 older homes

Costs of Lead Exposure

Using established methods and metrics this assessment13 applies four13 well-shy‐documented13 costs of childrenrsquos lead13 exposure13 in Michigan increased health care increased crime increased special education and decline13 in lifetime13 earnings These13 costs are13 discussed below

Healthcare

The costs of both the immediate treatment13 of13 children with BLLs above 10 μgdL as well as treatment for lead-shy‐associated ADHD were13 estimated Immediate treatment (including diagnostic testing nurse visits environmental assessment of the13 home13 and oral or intravenous chelation) cost an estimated $271000 annually Lead-shy‐associated ADHD treatment including medication and counseling totaled over $1 million annually We believe these estimates are13 conservative13 because13 they focus13 on just two metrics13 (immediate treatment starting at 1013 μgdL and


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ADHD treatment) while ignoring other health13 and13 developmental impacts of cognitive disability13 that13 may require regular13 and continuing healthcare costs Additionally the wider impacts on13 productivity and13 stress on13 family members and caretakers were not considered13 nor are other pro-shy‐active13 health13 measures such13 as programs to13 improve nutrition in response to lead exposure13 (such as in Flint) included

Crime13

A estimated13 10 of juvenile crimes in Michigan were associated with lead exposure13 costing an estimated $134 million annually in incarceration alone for lead-shy‐associated juvenile13 crime Furthermore adult crimes can be13 linked to childhood lead exposure and applying established standards to adult crime statistics in Michigan13 an estimated $64 million annually can be attributed to lead-shy‐associated crimes This includes costs13 to victims legal proceedings incarceration and lost earnings for13 both13 the criminal and victim These conservative estimates do not quantify additional indirect costs associated with lead-shy‐related crime such as pain13 and13 suffering costs13 associated with healthcare to address the physical and13 mental impacts of the crime13 and lost quality of life Inclusion13 of these costs13 would substantially increase these figures

Special Education

Because of lead-shy‐associated reduction in cognitive ability an estimated 20 of

children with blood lead levels13 measured at or above13 2 μgdL at age13 receive13 special education13 fo a average o 9years This13 special13 educatio cost an estimated13 $2 million net13 presen value(NPV)13 lifetime13 cos fo the13 cohor o 2c yearc old i 201413 Thi estimate13 doesno include13 indirect13 cost suc a los ofparental productivity13 i caring13 fo child13 with13 specia needs healt an stressimpacts13 o family13 members an th costsassociated13 wit children13 whos BL peakslater13 than year o age Additionally13 this13 conservativ estimate13 only13 considers13 special education13 costs fo children13 withBLLs o 25 microgdl13 when13 researchindicates13 tha impact a lower13 level mayalso13 require special educational13 support

Decrease Lifetime13 Earnings

Elevated13 blood13 lea levels13 are correlatedwith13 irreversible13 declines13 in13 IQ which13 correspond (on13 average to reductions13 inlifetime13 earnings Usin established13 standards loss13 o lifetime13 earnings13 in13 Michigan13 wer estimated13 a $171 million13 fo the 2014 cohort13 o 2c yearc olds13 This13 calculation13 i conservativ a it13 includes13 only13 blood13 lead13 levels13 o 2c yearold13 children13 ignoring13 children13 whos lead13 levels13 ma peak13 a othe times13 Additionally13 bloo lea levels13 under 5μgd were no considered13 despite13 evidenc suggestin impacts13 o I atblood13 lead13 levels13 betwee 2c μgdL


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13 13

Summary13 of Costs Associated with Lead Exposure13 2014

271049 180327872492971

170918336

13351800

64663668

Blood lead treatment

Treatment of lead-shy‐relatedADHD

Increases in special educaLon

ReducLon lifeLme earnings NPV

Increased crime direct costs

Juvenile incarceraLon relatedto childhood lead

Adult crimes related tochildhood lead

Together the costs of lead exposure totaled nearly $270 million annually including $1125 million born by taxpayers

Costs of Lead Abatement

In line with published research we conservatively13 assume that 70 of lead exposure13 is associated with lead paint in homes We illustrate a scenario13 where 10000013 most at risk homes in Michigan are13 lead abated reducing the13 lead exposure and associated costs by13 70 (which creates cost savings13 of $190 million annually) With an average cost of abatement at $6000 per unit this abatement scenario costs an estimated $60 million

Discussion

This assessment indicates that the annual13 costs13 of lead exposure ndash to the public and to the taxpayer13 -shy‐-shy‐ are13 substantial more13 than $27013 million and $1125 million respectively In a lead paint13 abatement13 scenario an investment of $600 million

accrues benefits of $190 million annually paying for itself after just over three years and then13 accruing cost savings for years to come The returns per dollar invested from a taxpayer perspective accrue13 more13 slowly but are13 also significant ndash the $600 million spent on abatement returns $1125 million annually

$600 million13 investment in13 abatement at one13 time13 is extremely unlikely But we13 believe this is a helpful illustrative scenario showing the return on investment from lead abatement

This assessment relied on established published13 metrics (largely from national studies) and applied them to Michigan A number of assumptions were made about exposure13 levels in Michigan costs of healthcare and13 education and13 lead13 abatement costs and targeting We13 believe the assumptions made were


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wherever possible13 conservative making this illustrative analysis conservative overall We quantified13 only a narrow range of13 the economic impacts of13 lead exposure13 ndash those impacts that13 have been well demonstrated and quantified in published13 literature Wider impacts such as productivity for parents of lead poisoned13 children wider impacts of lead-shy‐associated crime and lost quality of life13 were not quantified and would likely add significantly to the costs13 estimated here

The assumptions of the number of children with elevated blood lead levels were conservative in a number of respects For example we13 assumed that childrsquos tested blood lead level in 201413

was that childrsquos lsquopeakrsquo level (it is this lsquopeakrsquo13 level from which the other impacts are13 measured) when13 really the peak is at least this high -shy‐ he or she could13 well have higher lead13 levels at other times We also assumed that among non-shy‐Medicaid

children there were no additional elevated BLLs other than those13 that were13 tested This is a hugely conservative assumption but because 78 of 113 and 2-shy‐year olds not receiving13 Medicaid were not tested it was difficult to13 make assumptions about this largely untested group With further information on these impacts and on lead exposures in Michigan (for example more information o untested13 children) the calculations here could13 be updated13 and13 improved

These economic returns on investment in lead abatement are all13 in addition to the value of the health13 and13 well-shy‐being of thousands of13 Michigan children and their13 families who experience the effects of13 lead exposure each year13 This assessment suggests that further13 lead abatement is could13 well be a sound economic as well as a13 public health investment13


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Background

In 2010 the Ecology Center and Michigan Network for Childrenrsquos Environmental Health (MNCEH) published Price of Pollution (MNCEH and the Ecology Center13 2010) an economic estimate13 of environmentally attributable13 costs of four13 pediatric conditions ndash lead poisoning asthma cancer and13 developmental disabilities In 201413 Economic Impacts of Lead13 Exposure and13 Remediation in Michigan (UMRSC and MNCEH 2014) was published to provide13 more13 thorough assessment of the13

impacts of lead exposure and costs of potentially reducing these exposures This report provides an updated version of those calculations using updated13 data and the13 same13 methodology

Given that priorities for environmental and public health investment are13 increasingly driven by economic considerations this13 assessment is designed13 to13 provide an13 economic context for13 Michiganrsquos public health efforts related to lead prevention and remediation

Children are the segment of the population13 most at risk for lead13 poisoning and most vulnerable13 to its effects While environmental and public health policies such as13 banning leaded gasoline and lead paint in13 the 1970s have greatly13 reduced childrenrsquos exposure to lead historic sources13 of contamination persist (EPA

Full Report

2013)13 Today children are most commonly13 exposed to lead as13 a result of exposure13 to lead paint in older homes Because of their natural behaviors such as hand to mouth activity and crawling and playing on the13 floor children may13 consume paint chips13 or ingest lead dust (produced13 from deteriorating surfaces or renovations) through everyday activities such as13 opening windows13 with lead-shy‐painted13 frames (Levin et al 2008)

The problem13 of lead in drinking water has received national attention as a result13 of13 the Flint13 water13 contamination catastrophe13 The costs of that13 contamination and potential remediation13 are13 beyond the13 scope13 of this report


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13

Adults are13 much better at expelling lead (through urine and feces) than children13 whose bodies absorb a large proportion of the lead13 ingested storing it in13 their bones Once stored lead13 impacts a childrsquos13 rapidly13 developing central nervous13 system Lead exposure is associated with reduced cognitive function leading to reduced academic achievement13 and lower IQ13 Lead exposure is also associated with behavioral problems and aggressive13 behaviors including attention-shy‐deficithyperactivity disorder and13 delinquent criminal or antisocial13 behavior (EPA 201313 Gould 200913 Lanphear 2005)13

These effects tend to be linked to a13 childrsquos13 maximal blood lead level (the peak level13 observed rather than the average level13 although there is also evidence that average13 levels may be13 helpful predictor13 for13 effects in older children (Lanphear13 2005)13 and the impacts of lead on cognitive development are irreversible and persistent (EPA 2013)13 A recent study indicates13 an ldquoirreversible pattern of neuronal dysfunctionrdquo found13 in13 adults that13 were exposed to lead as children (Cecil at13 al 2011 p 403)

Abating lead13 in13 contaminated homes (often by repairing or replacing13 window and door frames or encapsulatingenclosing13 areas of chipped13 paint) greatly13 reduces childrenrsquos13 exposure13 to lead and the negative health impacts associated with lead poisoning (PTF 2000)13 However targeting the right homes for abatement is challenging and can add to the overall cost of successful abatement programs

Analysis

The assessment in this paper is not novel in approach ndash the metrics and impacts considered are drawn from established research This paper13 draws heavily from Price of Pollution and reports by Gould (2009) and Korfmacher (2003)13 Our approach is to bring together established13 standards13 and apply them in a Michigan-shy‐specific13 assessment producing a one-shy‐year (2014)13 snapshot13 illustration of the estimated costs of lead exposure13 and the13 comparative costs13 of mitigating that13 exposure13 through lead abatement

Throughout the analysis conservative13 assumptions are13 made13 wherever possible13 For instance we assumed that13 the detrimental impacts of13 lead exposure are13 o the low side of what research indicates and that costs of abatement are13 o the high13 side of demonstrated costsConservative assumptions at each13 phase of the assessment are explained13 in13 more detail in13 the ldquoDiscussionrdquo section of the paper

In the following section we estimate lead exposure13 among Michigan children13 as measured by blood lead level (BLL)13 testing13 We then identify four well-shy‐documented13 impacts and13 costs of lead13 exposure13 1) increased health care 2) increased crime 3) increased need for special education and 4) decline in lifetime earnings13 We apply these metrics to the assumed lead13 exposure level13 among Michigan children estimating13 the13 costs associated with lead exposure13 in one year13 In the final13 section we compare these costs to the cost of lead abatement and discuss the13 economic and public health implications of the results


Costs of Lead Exposure13 and Remediation13 Update 12 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

Children13 Exposed13 to13 Lead13 in13 Michigan

The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) collects13 data on13 BLL testing among children in Michigan annually13 Through correspondence with DHHS we obtained13 results of 2014 testing13 In our previous report we built the method around Michiganrsquos Statewide Testing Plan which defined ldquochildren who should be testedrdquo and we identified the proportion of13 targeted children who actually were tested and noted the difference in13 results between13 targeted children13 and13 those that were not part of this targeted group in 201213 ldquoChildren who should be testedrdquo was defined as 1 and 2-shy‐year-shy‐olds who13 were insured13 by Medicaid or lived in any of 14 ldquoTarget Communitiesrdquo in13 Michigan These 14 Target Communities were urban areas and about 50 of Michiganrsquos 23400013 1and 2-shy‐year-shy‐olds qualified13 as ldquochildren13 who should be testedrdquo Just13 under 88000 113 and 2-shy‐year-shy‐olds were tested13 in13 2012 Just under 15000013 of Michiganrsquos 70000013 children under 613 were13 tested

For this updated 201413 snapshot13 the ldquochildren who should be testedrdquo13 designation13 n longer exists However data is available for children13 insured13 by Medicaid and we found that this group makes up most of the ldquochildren who should be testedrdquo For example in the13 201 data there were 120000 1 and13 2-shy‐year-shy‐olds ldquowho13 should13 be testedrdquo and13 in13 201 there13 were13 12100013 children on Medicaid This suggests that the ldquochildren who should be testedrdquo13 who were Medicaid recipients plus targeted

communities were mostly13 Medicaid recipients13 In this assessment we divide the observations by children receiving Medicaid and those not receiving Medicaid Although not the same as 2012rsquos ldquochildren who should be13 testedrdquo we believe this is a similar and helpful categorization

In this study we13 chose to focus13 largely on13 the cohort13 of13 and 2-shy‐year olds for several reasons Elevated BLLs tend to peak at around13 age 2 (likely because of crawling and hand-shy‐to-shy‐mouth behaviors typical at that age)(USPSTF 2006) and peak levels tend13 to13 drive the associated health13 impacts that will be considered13 in13 this assessment13 The Centers for Disease Control and13 Prevention13 (CDC) and American13 Academy of Pediatrics recommend BLL testing at13 ages 1 and 2 (CDC 2007) In addition we can draw13 better inferences from13 the larger sample of 1 and 2-shy‐year olds (compared to the relatively smaller sample size of all children under age 6)13 Of the 234000 children ages 1 and 2 in Michigan in 2014 3813 are included in the testing sample13 compared to 20 of children under 6 in the testing sample (DHHS 2016)

Test results for 113 and 2-shy‐year olds separated by Medicaid status are13 provided13 in13 Table 1 While there is no ldquosaferdquo13 amount of blood lead 5 μgdL is the CDC ldquoaction levelrdquo13 for lead exposure in children (EPA 2013)13 Figure13 1illustrates the breakdown of all13 Michigan 1 and 2-shy‐year olds13 by testing and Medicaid status in 201413

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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Table13 1 Michigan13 Blood13 Lead13 Level Testing for 1 and 2-shy‐year-shy‐olds13 20141

Population Number of children tested

tested

Children with BLL 5-shy‐913 μgdL

of those tested

Children with venous BLL gt=13 10 μgdL

of those tested

1 and 213 -shy‐yr olds receiving Medicaid

12156813 6312713 519 2170 34 497 079

1 and 2-shy‐yr olds not receiving Medicaid

11253513 2479013 220 421 17 53 021

All 1 and13 2 yr-shy‐olds

23410313 8791713 376 2591 29 550 063

1 Data13 from correspondence with DHHS (2016)


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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 Figure 1 201413 Michigan 113 and 2-shy‐year-shy‐olds by BLL testing and13 Medicaid13 Status

Receiving Medicaid tested

Receiving Medicaid nottested

Not13 receiving Medicaid tested

Not13 receiving Medicaid nottested

0 20 40 60 80 100

Michigan 1 and 2-shy‐year -shy‐olds

There are some challenges in13 generalizing contain lower BLLs than is from the sample to estimating BLLs for all representative) and 2-shy‐year-shy‐old13 children in Michigan bull There is a13 significant difference in

test13 results by Medicaid13 status bull Testing (for13 1 and 2-shy‐year-shy‐olds) is (see Table 1)13 For example

aimed at Medicaid recipients13 nearly 3413 of children receiving and these13 children are13 Medicaid have elevated13 BLLs of disproportionately in13 the test 5-shy‐913 μgdL13 while only 1713 of sample Medicaid recipients are13 children not receiving Medicaid more likely to live in older test13 at13 this elevated level The housing and13 have lower incomes13 difference is even13 greater at BLLs factors which often correlate gt1 μgdL with rates of 079 with lead exposure (therefore and 021 respectively This13 the sample may contain higher suggests13 that Medicaid status BLLs than is representative in the may be a helpful prioritization overall population) However we have a fairly small

bull Despite the fact that BLL testing sample of non-shy‐Medicaid 113 and 2-shy‐prioritized children receiving13 year-shy‐olds so13 it is difficult13 to know Medicaid only 5213 of these if these 2213 are representative children were tested13 There may of the non-shy‐Medicaid 113 and 2-shy‐be reason13 to13 believe that the 48 year-shy‐old population13 of 1 and13 2-shy‐year-shy‐olds receiving bull Maximal or peak BLL corresponds13 Medicaid and not tested might13 to the impacts13 in this13 not be receiving recommended assessment13 While we know the health13 care and13 therefore may be children tested in the DHHS data more generally in13 a high13 risk have actual BLLs at least at the13 situation13 and possibly more at level13 recorded many children risk to be exposed to lead in the may have had or will have a home (therefore the sample may higher level at some point


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

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13 13

13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

Therefore the recorded BLLs are at or lower than ldquopeakrdquo13 BLLs making the impacts estimations that13 follow conservative

With these data challenges13 in mind we estimated rates of elevated BLLs for all Michigan 113 and 2-shy‐year-shy‐old13 children in 201413 making several conservative assumptions

Among 1 and13 2-shy‐year-shy‐olds 5213 of children receiving Medicaid were tested and we13 assume13 that the13 remaining 4813 of targeted children would have a similar distribution13 of test results Given13 that so13

few of13 the non-shy‐Medicaid 113 and 2-shy‐year-shy‐olds were tested13 (22) it is very difficult to extrapolate potential BLLs so we assume13 quite conservatively13 that only13 those sampled had elevated BLLs and none of the remaining 7813 of non-shy‐Medicaid children had13 an elevated BLLThese estimations are13 shown in Table 2

We also derived the more specific13 BLL range estimates in Table 313 as these will be needed13 for the impact estimations in13 following sections We estimate that13 the tested elevated BLLs represent13 about 55 of the total population13 of elevated BLLs13

Table13 213 Michigan 1 and 2-shy‐year-shy‐old BLL Test Results and13 Projections13 for Those13 Untested (Projections in Blue)

Results Tested13 Children13 Population

Number of Children13 with BLL 5-shy‐913 ugdL Rate

Number of Children13 with13 Venous BLL gt= 10ugdL Rate

Children13 receiving Medicaid 6312713 217013 34 497 08

Non-shy‐Medicaid children 2479013 421 17 53 02

Untested children projected results



TOTAL estimates for all Michigan13 1 and13 2-shy‐year olds 23410313 460013 20 101013 04 Tested children as proportion of total estimate 05613 05413

Table13 313 Estimated elevated13 BLLs for Michigan 113 and 2-shy‐year-shy‐olds13 2014

Population 5-shy‐913 ugdL

10-shy‐1413 ugdL

15-shy‐1913 ugdL

20-shy‐4413 ugdL gt=45 ugdL

Projected results -shy‐ all Michigan 1 and 2-shy‐yr olds 23410313 460013 618 209 173 10Assumed13 distribution13 of results in the 10+ BLL

2category 1010 61 21 17 1

2 Derived from the distribution of 10+ BLL results from 2012 data sourced from MDCH13 (2013) calculated in UMRSC and MNCEH13 2014


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

For calculations in this assessment of 2-shy‐year-shy‐olds only we13 assume13 that the elevated BLLs in Table 3 would be distributed13 evenly among 1 and 2-shy‐year-shy‐olds

Costs of lead exposure

Drawing from established methods and metrics this13 assessment estimates four well-shy‐documented13 costs13 of childrenrsquos13 lead exposure13 in Michigan

bull Increased health care bull Increased crime bull Increased special education bull Decline in lifetime earnings

Health care

We estimate two health care costs associated with elevated BLLs as a13 child13 the immediate treatment of children13 who13 are13 tested and have13 results of 10 μgdL or greater13 and the cost13 of13 treatment13 for13 lead-shy‐attributable13 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Immediate Treatment

The recommended treatment13 for13 children13 whose test results show elevated BLLs and the13 estimated costs of this treatment (drawn from Gould 2009)13 are13 presented in Table13 413 Treatment may include diagnostic testing nurse visits environmental investigation of the13 home and oral and intravenous chelation in extreme13 cases The13 estimated costs of these treatments are applied to the13 number of children under the age of 6 in 2014 who tested at the corresponding blood13 levels

No extrapolation is made to children who were not tested as those untested would unfortunately not be receiving recommended treatment In effect we are13 estimating the13 actual cost of immediate treatment for elevated BLLs in 2014 and we13 expect similar costs will occur in13 the following year for those with elevated BLLs in that year ndash we expect this is a re-shy‐occurring cost Also these estimates are13 applied to all children under the age of 6 to13 reflect the actual health13 care costs associated13 with13 lead13 exposure among Michigan children in 201413 Because no13 extrapolation13 is made to untested children the sample of children under 6 (rather13 than 1 and 2 year olds only) is used


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

Table13 413 Healthcare Costs for Children13 with13 Elevated BLLs

Blood13 Lead13 Level in μgdL

of Children13 in13 Michigan Under the Age of 63 Recommended Treatment4

Cost of Recommended Treatment (in 2014 USD)5 Total Cost

10-shy‐20 715

Diagnostic testing venipuncture lead assay nurse-shy‐only visit $87 $61926

20-shy‐45 155

Above treatments plus eight visits for diagnostic13 testing nurse follow-shy‐up environmental investigation of the home $1207 $187152

45-shy‐70 14 Above treatments plus oral chelation $1569 $21971

70+6 0

Above treatments except oral chelation is13 replaced with intravenous chelation $404813 0

$271049

ADHD treatment

According to13 the CDC an13 estimated13 84 of children13 age 3-shy‐1713 in the13 US13 have13 been diagnosed13 with13 ADHD (Bloom et al 2010) Gould (2009) drawing from Braun et al (2006) estimates that13 211 of13 ADHD cases13 in children aged 4-shy‐1513 are13 associated with elevated BLLs13 This standard is13 applied to Michigan13 estimating the costs of treating lead-shy‐associated ADHD in Table13 5

3 Data from MDCH13 (2013) 4 Source Gould (2009) derived from CDC recommendations and Kemper13 et al (1998) 5 Source Gould (2009) inflated here to 2014 USD 6 Because the MDCH data category is 4513 μgdL or greater we13 conservatively13 estimate13 that all Michigan children in this13 category13 fall within the 45-shy‐7013 range and no children13 are within13 the 75+ range


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

Table13 5 Healthcare Costs of Lead-shy‐Associated ADHD 2014

Michigan Children Age 4-shy‐157

Estimated 84 Diagnosed with ADHD8

21113 of Cases Associated with Elevated Blood Lead Levels9

Healthcare Costs -shy‐Medication13 and Counseling per Child for One13 Year10 Total costs

153348613 12881313 27180 $66347 $1803278713

7 data from CGI Census estimate13 for13 2012 we assume13 the13 same13 population in 2014 8 calculations13 based on data in Bloom et al (2010) 9 Gould (2009) from Braun et al (2006) 10 Inflated from 2006 USD figures in Gould 2009


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

In sum we estimate the healthcare costs for13 immediately treating those under13 6 for13 lead exposure and for13 treating lead-shy‐associated ADHD among adolescents to be $18313 million in 2014

This estimate is thought13 to be conservative in that we consider just 2 metrics of increased health care for13 children associated with elevated BLLs13 while other health13 and13 developmental impacts also require health care Also studies13 suggest numerous13 lasting health impacts13 as well as wider productivity impacts and stress on family members and caretakers13 which are not quantified13 here (Gould 2009)

Crime

Childhood13 lead13 exposure has been linked to criminal behavior13 by juveniles and adults13 in the US and internationally (Nevin 2007 Nevin 2000 Gould 200913 Pichery 2011) We assess the costs13 of juvenile crime by estimating the costs of juvenile incarceration associated with lead exposure13 The standard from Korfmacher (2003) is applied in Table 613 assuming that 10 of juvenile13 delinquency is13 attributable to lead exposure totaling13 an estimated $3213 million annual cost of lead-shy‐associated juvenile crime We note that in this study compared to the 2012 report a Michigan-shy‐specific13 metric13 was13 identified (Weemhof13 amp Staley 2014)13 and this lowered the estimated cost per year of care to $34000

Table13 6 Cost of Lead-shy‐Associated Juvenile Crime (Incarceration)13 2014

Number of Michigan youth in prison 11

Cost per year of care11 Total cost per year

10 attributable to lead12

3927 34000 $133518000 $13351800

11 Weemhof and Staley (2014) -shy‐ figures are for13 2013 assumed to be the same in 2014 12 Standard from Korfmacher13 (2003)


13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13

13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

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13 13

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13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

In addition to juvenile delinquency lead exposure as a child is linked tocrime as an adult Applying standardsestablished by Gould (2009) drawingfrom Nevin13 (2006) Table 7 estimatesthe direct costs of crimes in Michiganlinked to childhood lead exposure13 This standard estimates the numberof crimes lsquolinked13 to childhood leadrsquo as

crimes averted by a reduction inaverage preschool BLL by13 1 μgdL13 This is a conservative estimate oflead-shy‐linked crimes given that evenlarger (or especially well targeted)13 reductions in lead exposure wouldhave even more significant reductionsin crime

Table13 7 Cost of Adult Crime13 Linked to Childhood Lead Exposure

Offenses reported 201413

Proportion of crimes linked to childhood lead14

Number of crimes linked to childhood lead

Direct costs per crime15

Direct costs of lead linked crimes

Burglaries16 17320213 29 501813 470913 2363103313

Robberies 820613 04 32 2685713 85598113 Aggravated13 Assaults 2310913 51 117213 2391213 2802838413

Rape 941713 37 348 3336713 1161611713

Murder 508 29 15 3653213 53215313 TOTAL 214442 $6466366813

13 Data from Michigan State Police Michigan Incident Crime Reporting (2014) httpwwwmicrstatsstatemiusMICRReportsQueryaspx14 Proportions were calculated based on figures from Gould (2009)13 derived from Nevin (2000) 15 From Gould (2009) figures inflated to 2014 values 16 ldquoBurglariesrdquo13 includes larceny and motor vehicle13 theft


13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

The direct costs of crime estimatedhere total nearly $65 million annuallyand include direct13 victim costs legalproceedings incarceration and lostearnings to both the criminal andvictim (Gould 2009)13

For both juvenile and adult crimes other indirect costs accrue such aslost wages pain suffering associatedhealthcare costs to address physicaland mental impacts of crime13 and lostquality of life13 These would allincrease the total costs of lead-shy‐related crime substantially13 Gould (2009) estimates that these indirectcosts total around ten times thedirect costs calculated in Table 713 However in this conservativeestimate13 we do not estimate orinclude these more indirect costs

Special Education

Childhood lead13 exposure is associatedwith declines in IQ and an associatedneed for special education13 A recentDetroit-shy‐specific study found anassociation between13 childhood leadexposure13 (exposure before the age of

six)13 and poor academic13 performancein the third fifth and eighth grade(Zhang et al 2013)

Table 8 estimates the costs of specialeducation associated with increasedBLLs at 25 μgdL or above (drawingfrom the assumed population BLLs inTable 3) Korfmacher13 (2003) drawingfrom Schwartz (1994) estimates that20 of children with blood lead levelsof 25 μgdL or above require specialeducation for an average of 3 yearsSarbaugh-shy‐Thompson13 et al (2008) in13 a Detroit-shy‐specific assessment estimatethat children receiving specialeducation because of lead-shy‐relatedreduced cognitive ability receivespecial education for between 9 and20 years depending on the level13 ofcognitive impairments We assume 913 years of special education for 2013 of13 children measured at 25 μgdL or above at age 2 which totals nearly$25 million in special educationcosts These are the lifetime specialeducation costs incurred by the 2014cohort of 2-shy‐year olds so it is anannual figure we expect to accrue infollowing years

Table13 813 Costs of special education related to lead exposure ndash incured by 2-shy‐year-shy‐old13 cohort in13 2014

2-shy‐year-shy‐olds with13 BLL 25+13 μgdL17

Cost per year of special education18

Total cost for 913 years of special education13 for 20 of children13 with blood13 lead13 level 25+13 μgdL

74 18786 $2492971

17 This calculation assumes children within the 20-shy‐4413 μgdL group13 are evenly distributed and13 therefore 192413 = 791 of children in this category have blood lead levels of 25 or13 greater 18 From Korfmacher13 (2003) inflated to 2014 values


13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

We believe13 this estimate to beconservative by only considering special education costs for childrenwith an elevated BLL13 of 25+ μgdL when the impacts at lower levelscould also13 require educationalsupport (Zhang et al 2013 Sarbaugh-shy‐Thompson et al 2008) Also we13 do not include13 indirect costs of childrenwith lowered cognitive abilities including loss of parental productivityin caring for a child with special needsand the health and stress impacts onfamily members Furthermore thisassumes a peak BLL at age 2 and nocosts are assumed for children whoseBLL peaks at a later age13

Decreased Lifetime Earnings

Lead is also associated withreductions in IQ and resultingreductions in lifetime earnings(Canfield et al 2003 Lanphear 2005Carlisle et al 2009) elevated13 BLLs arecorrelated with irreversible declinesin IQ and reduced IQ (on average)leads to reductions in lifetimeearnings

Table 9 applies the standardsestablished in Lanphear et13 al (2005)13 and Gould (2009) to estimate13 lead-shy‐associated IQ loss and lifetimeearnings loss for Michiganrsquos 2c yearc olds13 in 2014 The approachhere divides children with elevatedBLLs into four categories and thenapplies the associated loss of IQpoints for each BLL category19

19 For the 5-shy‐1013 μgdL category13 and the 30+ μgdL category we make the conservative assumptions13 that children have the floor levels13 of measured blood13 lead13 (5 μgdL and 3013 μgdL13 respectively) For the 10-shy‐2013 and 20-shy‐

30 categories children are13 assumed to have13 an even distribution13 of blood13 lead13 levels across the category


13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

The IQ loss associated with eachcategory demonstrates the non-shy‐linearnature of the relationship betweenblood lead and IQ loss Eachadditional μgdL of lead at the lowerlevels of exposure has a greaterimpact on IQ than each additionalμgdL at higher levels of exposureFor example increasing from 5 μgdL to 10 μgdL equates to more declinein IQ than increasing from 25 μgdL to30 μgdL13 Low level exposures aresignificant

Loss of lifetime earnings is calculatedusing the standard in13 Gould13 (2009) inflated to 2014 figures assumingeach IQ point lost equates to a loss of$21077 in net present value (NPV)13 oflifetime earnings

Table13 913 Reduction in lifetime earnings

In total we estimate that more than$170 million in NPV13 lifetime earningsare lost among Michigan 2c yearc olds with elevated BLLs in 2014 We13 consider13 only13 2-shy‐year-shy‐olds13 here as13 anannual assessment The followingyear we expect the next cohort of 2-shy‐year-shy‐olds13 to experience similar loss oflifetime earnings because of theirelevated BLLs

In addition to the conservativeassumptions made in estimating theBLLs for Michiganrsquos13 population inTable 3 this calculation is alsoconservative in that we base IQdecline on the 2-shy‐year13 old BLL whenBLLs may peak at other times There is evidence to suggest that IQ loss andearnings loss can occur at levelsbelow 513 μgdL (Lanphear 2005 Carlisle et al 2009) and this couldimpact many more children

Maximal blood13 lead13 level

Estimated number of 2-shy‐year-shy‐olds20

Associated loss in IQ points for each13 child21

Lifetime earnings loss per child NPV22

Total lifetime13 lost earnings NPV

5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613

20 See footnote 813 above 21 The associated decline in IQ points for the groups of 1013 μgdL or more is from Lanphear et al 2005 The13 decline13 associated with the group 5-shy‐1013 μgdL applies the13 standard from Gould (2009) (which is derived from Lanphear et al 2005) with the13 conservative assumption that all children in the 5-shy‐1013 μgdL group tested at 5 μgdL 22 Lifetime13 earnings loss per child is calculated as the13 estimated decline in IQ points times the assumed loss in lifetime earnings per IQ point loss in net present value13 (NPV) derived from Gould (2009)


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary

This table also estimates how much ofTable 10 summarizes the annual costs the costs described are born by theof lead exposure described above taxpayer ndash an estimated 40 with the

assumptions described in Table 10

Table13 1013 Summary of Costs Associated with Lead Exposure13 2014

Category Amount Costs to Taxpayer

Description of Assumed Taxpayer Costs

Increased in health care

Blood13 lead13 treatment 27104913 24394413

Estimated 90 of children with13 elevated BLL13 are13 on Michigan Medicaid programs

Treatment of lead-shy‐related ADHD 1803278713 1622950813


Increases in special13 education 249297113 249297113

Estimated 100 of costs13 through public education

Reduction lifetime earnings NPV 17091833613 1367346713

Estimated 8 state and local effective13 tax rate

3418366713 Estimated 20 effective federal tax rate

Increased crime Juvenile incarceration related to childhood lead 1335180013 1335180013 100 taxpayer cost Adult crimes related to childhood lead 6466366813 3233183413 50 taxpayer cost

TOTAL costs13 of lead exposure13 in13 year (2014)

269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

Figure 2 Summary of Costs Associated13 with13 Lead13 Exposure13 2014 Snapshot Estimate

1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813

Costs13 of Lead13 Abatement

By comparison to the costs of leadexposure we estimate the costs ofeliminating exposures to lead by abating lead in homes13 We use leadabatement here to describe whatever treatments are needed in a home toreduce or eliminate lead exposuresfrom paint This may be eliminatingthe lead like replacing windows anddoors that create lead dust whenopened and closed Or this mayinclude more interim controls such asencapsulation or enclosure of thepaint in areas where it is chipping orpeeling

We13 assume that 70 of elevated BLLs are attributable to lead paintexposure in13 homes13 consistent withfindings13 in Levin et al (2008)Therefore in a scenario of complete


Treatment of lead-shy‐relatedADHDIncreases in specialeducaLonReducLon lifeLmeearnings NPV13 Increase crime directcostsJuvenil incarceraLonrelate to childhood leadAdul crime related tochildhood lead

abatement of lead paint in homes we13 estimate that 70 of the incidence oflead exposure and associated costsabove could be eliminated Theremaining 30 (exposure through soil water and other sources) wouldremain

There are13 many challenges inidentifying which and how manyhomes13 should be targeted13 for leadabatement If targeting were 100accurate the costs of lead abatementcould be reasonably straightforwardBut it is difficult to know which homeswith lead paint hazards will actuallylead to dangerous exposures inchildren especially considering thatexposure13 may occur in a home otherthan a childrsquos13 residence On the otherhand homes that are successfullylead-shy‐abated may lead to many years and where lead is eliminated even


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

was available until the 1970s(Presidentrsquos13 Task Force 2000)13

generations of avoided leadexposures for13 children13 Gould13 (2009) compares13 the benefitsof lead abatement with the costs ofabating homes likely to be atsignificant risk of having lead13 painthazards as identified by thePresidentrsquos13 Task Force (2000) and weapply a similar metric to MichiganThe Presidentrsquos13 Task Force (2000)13 estimated that 2313 million low-shy‐income housing units would be most at riskfor lead13 paint hazards in 201023 andthis is roughly 6 of all 38 millionhouses with lead-shy‐based paint (Jacobset al 2002) This national ratecorresponds with the 100000housing units in Michigan that havebeen estimated to be at ldquohigh riskrdquo oflead hazards defined as pre-shy‐1960s13 homes whose occupants live belowthe poverty level (Scorecard 2016)Our own calculations indicate 10000013 homes is a reasonable proportion ofthe 23 million at-shy‐risk housing unitsnationally According to the 2012 USCensus American Community Survey 295 of the US housing stock or 34million units were built before 1960 while 374 of Michigan housingstock or 14 million units were builtbefore 1960 (ACS13 2012)13 Therefore Michigan contains an estimated 4 ofthe nationrsquos13 pre-shy‐1960s housing stockThe assumed 10000013 high lead riskhomes13 in Michigan is a similar inproportion (43) of the nationrsquos13 23million high lead risk homes13 so we13 consider13 10000013 homes13 as targeted13 in our scenario We selected pre-shy‐

23 These figures assumed that 1413 million homes would no longer be a lead13 paint hazard13 because of HUD regulation of13 Federally-shy‐Assisted13 Housing between13 2000-shy‐2010

1960s homes as the comparativeindicator here because these homesare those thought to be most at riskfor lead hazard although lead paint

Targeting for lead abatement is not perfect ndash not all lead poisonedchildren live in older homes and notall are below the poverty line butthese13 criteria are strong indicators13 A low-shy‐income child13 living in older housing is 4 times more likely to belead poisoned than the average ratefor all children in older homes24

Similarly not all homes that containlead paint present a hazard forchildren so effective targeting is animportant part of a cost-shy‐effective leadabatement approach In ourexample targeting 10000013 homes inMichigan13 sets a relatively widemargin13 compared to the estimated560013 1 and 2-shy‐year-shy‐olds13 with elevatedBLLs (Table 3)

24 Authorrsquos calculations from data in13 the Presidentrsquos Task Force (2000)


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

We now consider the cost tosuccessfully abate these 10000013 housing units Gould13 (2009)13 estimates the cost of abatementacross the US to range between$120013 for a house that requiresscreening and interim controls to$1080013 for a house that requires riskassessment and full abatementconsiderably less than $1000013 perunit as itrsquos13 no longer the most needymodest interim controls as describedby Gould13

Assuming the average cost of leadabatement is $600013 per unit the costto abate all 10000013 high-shy‐risk13 homes in Michigan is an estimated $600million We believe an average of$600013 per home abated would be ahigh estimate By comparison theMichigan Department of Health andHuman Services abated 122 homes using state general funds in fiscalyear 2014 at an average cost of$690013 per unit and in 2015 abated116 homes at an average cost of$995013 per unit US Housing andUrban Development funds abated 326homes in Michigan in 2014 and 192homes in 2015 at an average cost of

$10000-shy‐13 $1100013 per unit25 Weexpect the homes abated throughthese programs would be amongthose needing the most help ndash amongthe most expensive of homes needingremediation We compare that to amuch wider13 group of13 100000 homes13 and we would expect the averagecost of remediation to beconsiderably less than $1000013 perunit as itrsquos13 no longer13 the most needyhomes and some will only needmodest interim controls as describedby Gould

In the illustrative scenario the leadabatement of 10000013 homes reduceslead exposure by 70 reducing theannual costs of lead exposure fromnearly $270 million to $81 million (acost savings of nearly $190 millionannually) The $600 million in leadabatement would pay for itself afterjust over 3 years and then accruebenefit on the order of $190 millionannually for many years to come

From a strictly taxpayer perspective the break-shy‐even13 point would takelonger as the taxpayer proportion oflead-shy‐associated costs is just underhalf of the total about $112 millionannually Again we assume in the10000013 home lead abatementscenario that 70 of exposures and70 of the $145 million annual costsare eliminated which equals taxpayersavings of $78 million annually After7-shy‐8 years $600 million in abatementcosts would pay for themselves and

25 Figures obtained from correspondence13 with HUD and DHHS


13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

taxpayer savings would then accrueon the order of $78 million annually

This13 is an13 illustrative example as theactual timing of abatement wouldinfluence when costs savings wouldaccrue However with quiteconservative assumptions the one-shy‐year snapshot illustration suggeststhat abatement is a worthwhile13 investment economically in additionto the public health benefits for

families whose lead13 exposure is13 prevented The case is strengthenedwhen considering13 the many yearsand even potentially generations ofexposure and cost savings beyond theone snapshot13 illustrated These findings13 correspond with estimates inGould (2009) that investments in leadpaint hazard control have rates ofreturn of $12-shy‐$155 per every dollarinvested


13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

Discussion This assessment estimated the socialand taxpayer costs of lead exposurein Michigan and compared thesecosts to an illustrative lead abatementscenario in order to explore theeconomic case for lead abatement inMichigan

In valuing the cost of health care special education crime and lostearnings associated13 with leadexposure13 we relied on established published metrics (largely fromnational studies) and applied them toMichigan A number of assumptionswere made about exposure levels inMichigan costs of healthcare13 andeducation and lead abatement costsand targeting

We believe the assumptions madewere conservative making thisillustrative analysis conservativeoverall We based much of theestimate on data of BLLs at 2 years ofage assuming that these levels13 would13 be the maximal level for each child although many children13 may havehigher BLLs at other times in theirchildhood For many of the impactsmeasured here we consideredimpacts starting at BLL 5 or 10 μgdL13 and for special education weconsidered13 impacts starting at 2513 μgdL13 Though there are not wellestablished metrics for these impacts there may well be considerableimpacts at BLLs lower than ourmeasures (for example specialeducation or lifetime earnings) andthis would increase the costs

considerably We quantified only anarrow range of the economicimpacts of lead exposure ndash thoseimpacts that have been welldemonstrated and quantified inpublished literature

Wider impacts such as productivityfor parents of lead poisoned children wider impacts of lead-shy‐associatedcrime and lost quality of life were notquantified and would likely addsignificantly to the costs estimatedhere13 With further information onthese impacts and on lead exposuresin Michigan (for example moreinformation on untested children)13 the calculations here could be13 updated and improved13

This assessment indicates that the annual costs of lead exposure ndash to thepublic and to the taxpayer -shy‐-shy‐ aresubstantial13 nearly $270 million and$112 million respectively Even withconservative assumptions thisassessment indicates that lead


13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well

abatement would be a worthwhileeconomic13 investment We estimatedthat all 10000013 of Michiganrsquos13 mostat-shy‐risk homes could be abated for $600 million an investment thatwould pay for itself after 3+ years andthen accrue benefits of $190 million annually From a strictly taxpayerperspective a $600 million investment in abatement would payfor itself in 7-shy‐8 years and then accruetaxpayer savings of $78 million13 annually for many years to come

A $600 million investment inabatement at one time is extremelyunlikely But we believe this is a

helpful illustrative scenario13 showing13 the return on investment from leadabatement And conceptually starting with the most needy homeswould likely yield disproportionatelypositive benefits It seems reasonablethat investing in lead abatement inareas with the highest levels of leadpoisoning (highest13 BLLs by zip codeare identified by DHHS)13 would yield benefits even greater than theaverage in this scenario

Recent lead exposures through waterin Flint have brought nationalattention to the impacts of leadexposure This exposure is tragic andthe response to assist those impactedand to prevent further exposures iscritical and has been warranted Adiscussion13 of lead in watercontamination is beyond the scope ofthis report Still there are alsothousands of other Michigan childreneach year who experience leadpoisoning mostly through lead basedpaint and dust exposures The renewed attention on leadcontamination should remind us thatthese exposures are equally worthy ofconsideration for assistance andprevention13 Preventing13 lead paint

sures could also13 provide soundeconomic returns by preventingfuture costs associated with lead

sures

e economic13 returns13 oninvestment in lead abatement are all13 addition to the value of health and-shy‐being of thousands of Michigan

children and their families whoexperience the effects of leadexposure each year Furthermore much of the impacts of lead aredisproportionately in urbancommunities facing other social educational and public healthchallenges so the impacts of lead onsocial and cognitive abilitiescompounds those challenges Even13 without this benefit on an economicbasis alone this assessment suggeststhat lead abatement is a soundinvestment


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

References American13 Community Survey (ACS) (2012) US Census Bureau Physical Housing Characteristics for Occupied Housing Units13 Table S2504

Bloom B Cohen13 RA Freeman13 G (2010) Summary health13 statistics for US children National Health13 Interview Survey National13 Center for Health Statistics Vital13 Health Stat 10(250) (2011) Available at13 httpwwwcdcgovnchsdataseriessr_10sr10_250pdf Accessed on 30 Oct 2013

Braun13 JM Kahn13 RS Freohlick T Auinger P Lanphear BP (2006) Exposures to13 Environmental Toxicants and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children Environmental Health Perspectives 1141904-shy‐1909

Canfield13 RL Henderson13 CR Jr Cory-shy‐Slechta13 DA et al (2003) Intellectual impairment13 in children with blood13 lead13 concentrations below 10 microg per deciliter New England Journal of Medicine 348(16)1517-shy‐26

Carlisle JC Dowling KC Siegel DM Alexeeff GV (2009)13 A blood lead benchmark for assessing risks from childhood lead exposure Journal of13 Environmental Science and Health Part13 A ToxicHazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering 44(12) 1200-shy‐1208

Cecil KM Dietrich13 KN Altaye M et al (2011) Proton13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in13 Adults with Childhood Lead Exposure Environmental Health Perspectives 119(3)403-shy‐408

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (2007) Interpreting and13 Managing Blood13 Lead13 Levels lt10 ugdL in13 Children13 and13 Reducing Childhood13 Exposures to Lead Recommendation of13 CDCrsquos Advisory Committee on Childhood13 Lead13 Poisoning Prevention Available at httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpreviewmmwrhtmlrr5608a1htm Accessed on Jan 8 2014

Gould E (2009) ldquoChildhood Lead Poisoning Conservative Estimates of the Lead Hazard Controlrdquo Partnership for Americarsquos Economic Success Issue Paper13 11

Kemper AR Bordley WC and Downs SM (1998) ldquoCost-shy‐Effectiveness Analysis of Lead Poisoning Screening Strategies Following the13 1997 Guidelines of the13 Center for Disease13 Control and Preventionrdquo Archives of Pediatric Adoescent Medicine 1521202-shy‐08

Jacobs DE Clickner13 RP Zhou JY et13 al (2002) ldquoThe prevalence of13 lead-shy‐based13 paint hazards in13 US housingrdquo Environmental Health13 Perspectives 110(10)A599-shy‐606

Justice Policy Institute (2009) ldquoThe Costs of13 Confinement Why Good Juvenile Justice Policies Make Good Fiscal Senserdquo Available at httpwwwjusticepolicyorgimagesupload09_05_REP_CostsofConfinement_JJ_PSpdf Accessed on Nov 1 2012


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

Korfmacher KS13 (2003) ldquoLong-shy‐term costs of13 lead poisoning How much can New York save by stopping leadrdquo Working Paper Environmental Health Sciences13 Center University of Rochester

Landrigan PJ Schechter CB Lipton JM Fahs MC Schwartz J (2002) Environmental Pollutants and Disease in American Children Estimates of Morbidity Mortality and Costs for Lead Poisoning Asthma Cancer and13 Developmental Disabilities Environ13 Health13 Perspect 110721-shy‐728

Lanphear BP Hornung R Khoury J et al (2005) Low-shy‐level13 environmental13 lead exposure and childrenrsquos13 intellectual function An international pooled analysis Environmental Health13 Perspectives 113(7) 894-shy‐9

Levin R Brown MJ Kashtock13 ME Jacobs DE Whelan EA Rodman J Schock13 MR Padilla A Sinks T (2008) ldquoLead Exposure in US Children 2008 Implications for13 Preventionrdquo Environmental Health13 Perspectives 1161285-shy‐1293

Weemhof M13 and Staley K (2014) ldquoYouth13 Behind13 Barsrdquo Michigan Council on Crime and Delinquency Available at httpwwwmiccdorgwp-shy‐contentuploads201406MCCD-shy‐Youth-shy‐Behind-shy‐Bars-shy‐Finalpdf Accessed13 on Feb 19 2016

Michigan Network for Childrenrsquos Environmental Health (MNCEH) and the13 Ecology Center (2010) ldquoThe13 Price13 of Pollution Cost Estimates of Environment-shy‐Related13 Childhood13 Disease in13 Michiganrdquo Available at httpwwwmncehorgsiteswwwmncehorgfilesmncehdocumentsThe20Price20of20Poll utionpdf Accessed on October 1 2012

Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH) Healthy Homes and13 Lead13 Poisoning Prevention13 Program (2013) 201213 Data13 Report on Blood Lead Testing and Elevated Levels Apr 30 2013 Available at httpwwwmichigangovmdch046127-shy‐132-shy‐2942_4911_4913-shy‐-shy‐-shy‐00html Accessed on 5 Nov 2013


33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH) Healthy Homes and Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (2012) 201113 Data13 Report on Blood Lead Testing and Elevated Levels Mar 1613 2012 Available at httpwwwmichigangovdocumentsmdch2011_Data_Report_on_Blood_Lead_Testing_and_Elev ated_Levels_380435_7pdf Accessed on 5 Nov 2013

Michigan Department of Technology Management and Budget (MDTMB) (2013) Michigan Population by Age Sex Race and Hispanic Origin 201013 dataset Available13 at httpwwwmichigangovcgi045487-shy‐158-shy‐54534_51713_51714-shy‐261003-shy‐-shy‐00html Accessed13 on 30 Oct13 2013

Michigan State Police (2013) Offenses reported Michigan Incident Crime Reporting 2012 Crime at a Glance Available13 at httpwwwmichigangovmsp046437-shy‐123-shy‐1645_3501_4621-shy‐312263-shy‐-shy‐00html Accessed on 15 Oct 2013

Nevin R (2006) Understanding international crime trends The legacy of13 preschool lead exposure Environmental Research 104(3)315-shy‐336

Nevin R (2000) ldquoHow Lead Exposure Relates to Temporal Changes in13 IQ Violent Crime and13 Unwed13 Pregnancyrdquo Environmental Research13 831-shy‐22

Pichery C Bellanger M Zmirou-shy‐Navier D Glorennec P Hartemann P Grandjean P (2011) Childhood13 lead13 exposure in13 France benefit estimation13 and13 partial cost-shy‐benefit13 analysis of13 lead hazard13 control Environmental Health 1044

Presidentrsquos Task Force13 on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children (PTF) (2000) Eliminating Childhood Lead Posioning A Federal Strategy Targeting Lead Paint Hazards February Available at httpwwwcdcgovncehleadaboutfedstrategy2000pdf Accessed13 on 2 Nov 2013

Sarbaugh-shy‐Thompson M Thompson L13 Finman13 T Sorbo13 M (2008) The Cost of Doing Nothing Lead13 Poisoning Children13 in13 Detroit Presentation13 at Wayne State University June 2008

Schwartz (1994) ldquoSocietal Benefits of Reducing Lead Exposurerdquo Environmental Research13 66105-shy‐124

Sickmund M Sladky TJ Kang W and Puzzanchera C (2013) ldquoEasy Access to the13 Census of Juveniles in Residential Placementrdquo Online Available at httpwwwojjdpgovojstatbbezacjrp

Scorecard ndash The Pollution Information Site Available at httpscorecardgoodguidecomenv-shy‐releasesleadstatetclfips_state_code=26 Accessed13 on 5 Nov 2013

US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics (2011) ldquoSummary Health Statistics for US Children National Health Interview Survey 2010rdquo13 Vital and Health Statistics 10250 Dec13 2011 Available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsdataseriessr_10sr10_250pdf Accessed on Nov13 1 2012

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2013) ldquoAmericarsquos Children13 and13 the Environment Third13 Editionrdquo EPA 240-shy‐R-shy‐13-shy‐001 Available at httpwwwepagovace Accessed on Nov13 5 2013

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2006 Screening for elevated blood lead levels in children and pregnant women Recommendation Statement Pediatrics Dec 20061182514-shy‐18 Available at httpwwwuspreventiveservicestaskforceorguspstf06leadleadrshtmCopyrightAccessed13 on Jan13 7 2014

Costs of Lead Exposure13 and Remediation13 Update

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

University of Michigan Risk Science Center (MNCEH) and Michigan Network for Childrenrsquos Environmental Health (MNCEH)13 (2014) ldquoEconomic Impacts of13 Lead Exposure and Remediation in Michiganrdquo Available at httpswwwecocenterorgsitesdefaultfilesLead_Cost_Report_MI_2014_smallerpdf Accessed on 2 Feb 2016

Weemhof M13 and Staley K (2014) ldquoYouth Behind Barsrdquo Michigan Council on Crime and Delinquency Available at httpwwwmiccdorgwp-shy‐contentuploads201406MCCD-shy‐Youth-shy‐Behind-shy‐Bars-shy‐Finalpdf Accessed on Feb13 19 2016

Zhang N Baker H Tufts M Raymond MS et al (2013) Early Childhood Lead Exposure and Academic Achievement Evidence from Detroit Public Schools 2008-shy‐2010


Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016

reporpreparedbythe Ecology Center and the MichiganNetworkforChildrenrsquos Environmental Health

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers

Report Design TraceyEasthope

SponsoringOrganizations


AbouttheSponsoringOrganizations


Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

Provide innovativeservicesthatpromotehealthy people and a healthy planet

bull

bull

Work with policymakers to establish laws that protect communities and the environment

Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10

Summary Background AnalysisCosts of LeaExposure SummaryCostsofLeadAbatementDiscussion


References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education

DecreaseLifetime Earnings

Summary ofCostsAssociatedwithLeadExposure 2014


Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure

Treatmentoflead-shy‐relatedADHD

IncreasesinspecialeducaLon

ReducLonlifeLmeearnings NPV

Increasedcrimedirectcosts

Figure

JuvenileincarceraLonrelatedtochildhoodlead

Adultcrimesrelatedtochildhoodlead

Together the costs of lead exposure totaled nearly $270 million annually including $1125

million born by taxpayers



Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population

Number of children tested

tested

of those tested

Children with venous BLL gt= 10 μgdL

of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1

ReceivingMedicaidtested


Figure

ReceivingMedicaidnottested


Not receivingMedicaidtested

Table

TR

Not receivingMedicaidnottested

0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR

Michigan1and2-shy‐year-shy‐olds

contain lower BLLs than is

from the sample to estimating BLLs for all


representative)

bull

TR

children not receiving Medicaid

more likely to live in older


factors which often correlate


gt1μgdL with rates of 079

with lead exposure (therefore


the sample may contain higher


BLLs than isrepresentative inthe


may be a helpful prioritization

overall population)

overall population)

However we have a fairly small

bull Despite the fact that BLL testing


bull

not be receiving recommended


children tested in the DHHS data

situation andpossiblymoreat


level recordedmanychildren

risk to be exposed to lead in the


may have had or will have a

home (therefore the sample may


higher level at some point

Results Tested Children



Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04

Tested children as proportion of total estimate


056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull

Increased health care

bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull

Increased special education

bull

bull

Decline in lifetimeearnings

Health care

ImmediateTreatment

Recommended Treatment4

Cost of Recommended Treatment (in 2014 USD)5

Total Cost

715

Diagnostic testing venipuncture lead assay nurseonly visit

$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14

Above treatments plus oral chelation

$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime




Cost per year of care11

Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR


Proportion of crimes linkedto childhood lead14

Number of crimes linkedto childhood lead


Direct costs of leadlinked crimes

Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668

13 Data from Michigan State Police Michigan Incident Crime Reporting (2014)

httpwwwmicrstatsstatemiusMICRReportsQueryaspx

14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18

DecreasedLifetimeEarnings

LeadisalsoassociatedwithreductionsinIQandresultingreductionsinlifetimeearnings(Canfieldetal2003Lanphear2005Carlisleetal2009) elevated BLLsarecorrelatedwithirreversibledeclinesinIQandreducedIQ(onaverage)leadstoreductionsinlifetimeearnings

Table9appliesthestandardsestablishedinLanphearet al(2005) andGould(2009)toestimate leadassociatedIQlossandlifetimeearningslossforMichiganrsquos2c yearc olds in2014TheapproachheredivideschildrenwithelevatedBLLsintofourcategoriesandthenappliestheassociatedlossofIQpointsforeachBLL

category

19

19

Figure

InadditiontotheconservativeassumptionsmadeinestimatingtheBLLsforMichiganrsquos populationinTable3thiscalculationisalsoconservativeinthatwebaseIQdeclineonthe2-shy‐year oldBLLwhenBLLsmaypeakatothertimesThere isevidencetosuggestthatIQlossandearningslosscanoccuratlevelsbelow 5 μgdL(Lanphear2005 Carlisleetal2009)andthiscouldimpactmanymorechildren


2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary

Thistablealsoestimateshowmuchof

Table10summarizestheannualcosts



thecostsdescribedarebornbythe

ofleadexposuredescribedabove

taxpayerndashanestimated40withtheassumptionsdescribedinTable10

Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer


Increased inhealthcare


271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971

Reduction lifetime earnings NPV


170918336

13673467

TR

34183667

Estimated 20 effective federal tax rate

Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime

Juvenile incarceration related to childhood lead


13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost

Adult crimes related to childhood lead


64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure

Treatmentoflead-shy‐relatedADHDIncreasesinspecialeducaLonReducLonlifeLmeearningsNPV Increasecrimedirect

Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon

relatetochildhoodlead

Adulcrimerelatedtochildhoodlead

abatementofleadpaintinhomes we estimatethat70oftheincidenceofleadexposureandassociatedcostsabovecouldbeeliminatedTheremaining30(exposurethrough soilwaterandothersources)wouldremain

wasavailableuntilthe1970s(Presidentrsquos TaskForce2000)

23

23

1960shomesasthecomparativeindicatorherebecausethesehomesarethosethoughttobemostatriskforleadhazardalthoughleadpaint

24

24

$10000-shy‐ $11000 perunitWeexpectthehomesabatedthroughtheseprogramswouldbeamongthoseneedingthemosthelpndashamongthemostexpensiveofhomesneedingremediationWecomparethattoamuchwider groupof 100000homes andwewouldexpecttheaveragecostofremediationtobeconsiderablylessthan$10000 perunitasitrsquos nolonger themostneedyhomesandsomewillonlyneedmodestinterimcontrolsasdescribedbyGould

25

Intheillustrativescenariotheleadabatementof100000 homesreducesleadexposureby70reducingtheannualcostsofleadexposurefromnearly$270millionto$81million(acostsavingsofnearly$190millionannually)The$600millioninleadabatementwouldpayforitselfafterjustover3yearsandthenaccruebenefitontheorderof$190millionannuallyformanyyearstocome

Fromastrictlytaxpayerperspective thebreak-shy‐even pointwouldtakelongerasthetaxpayerproportionoflead-shy‐associatedcostsisjustunderhalfofthetotalabout$112millionannuallyAgainweassumeinthe100000 homeleadabatementscenariothat70ofexposuresand70ofthe$145millionannualcostsareeliminatedwhichequalstaxpayersavingsof$78millionannuallyAfter7-shy‐8years$600millioninabatementcostswouldpayforthemselvesand

25

taxpayersavingswouldthenaccrueontheorderof$78millionannually

Discussion

ThisassessmentestimatedthesocialandtaxpayercostsofleadexposureinMichiganandcomparedthesecoststoanillustrativeleadabatementscenarioinordertoexploretheeconomiccaseforleadabatementinMichigan


Invaluingthecostofhealthcare specialeducationcrimeandlostearningsassociated withleadexposure werelied onestablished publishedmetrics(largelyfromnationalstudies)andappliedthemtoMichiganAnumberofassumptionsweremadeaboutexposurelevelsinMichigancostsofhealthcare andeducationandleadabatementcostsandtargeting

considerablyWequantifiedonlyanarrowrangeoftheeconomicimpactsofleadexposurendashthoseimpactsthathavebeenwelldemonstratedandquantifiedinpublishedliterature

A$600millioninvestmentinabatementatonetimeisextremelyunlikelyButwebelievethisisa

RecentleadexposuresthroughwaterinFlinthavebroughtnationalattentiontotheimpactsofleadexposureThisexposureistragicandtheresponsetoassistthoseimpactedandtopreventfurtherexposuresiscriticalandhasbeenwarrantedAdiscussion ofleadinwatercontaminationisbeyondthescopeofthisreportStilltherearealsothousandsofotherMichiganchildreneachyearwhoexperienceleadpoisoningmostlythroughleadbasedpaintanddustexposuresThe renewedattentiononleadcontaminationshouldremindusthattheseexposuresareequallyworthyofconsiderationforas

Figure

sures could also providesoundeconomicreturnsbypreventingfuturecostsassociatedwithlead


sures

eeconomic returns oninvestmentinleadabatementareall additiontothevalueofhealthand-shy‐beingofthousandsofMichigan

Figure

References

References

httpwwwcdcgovnchsdataseriessr_10sr10_250pdf


httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpreviewmmwrhtmlrr5608a1htm


httpwwwjusticepolicyorgimagesupload09_05_REP_CostsofConfinement_JJ_PSpdf


Finalpdf

Accessed on October 1 2012

utionpdf

httpwwwmncehorgsiteswwwmncehorgfilesmncehdocumentsThe20Price20of20Poll

Figure

Accessed on 5 Nov 2013

ated_Levels_380435_7pdf

httpwwwmichigangovdocumentsmdch2011_Data_Report_on_Blood_Lead_Testing_and_Elev

httpwwwcdcgovncehleadaboutfedstrategy2000pdf


Available at httpwwwojjdpgovojstatbbezacjrp

releasesleadstatetclfips_state_code=26

httpscorecardgoodguidecomenv

US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US

httpwwwuspreventiveservicestaskforceorguspstf06leadleadrshtmCopyright


httpswwwecocenterorgsitesdefaultfilesLead_Cost_Report_MI_2014_smallerpdf


Finalpdf

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13 13

Acknowledgements

About the Author

Costs of Lead13 Exposure and13 Remediation Update was written by Tracy Swinburn MSc Ms Swinburn has a13 degree13 in Economic Development from the13 London School of Economics

Report Reviewers

Special thanks to our reviewers for their contributions to the13 report

Tracey Easthope MPH Ecology Center Sprout Consulting Rebecca Meuninck Ecology Center Michigan Network for Childrenrsquos Environmental Health Tina13 Reynolds Michigan Environmental Council Robert Scott PhD Michigan Department of Health and Human Services Prof Lyke13 Thompson PhD Wayne State University

Report Design13 Tracey Easthope


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environment



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Ful Report 10


References 31


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Overview



Executive Summary



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Background









Healthcare



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Crime13


Special Education






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271049 180327872492971

170918336

13351800

64663668











Discussion






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Background





Full Report




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Analysis






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tested


of those tested


of those tested


12156813 6312713 519 2170 34 497 079


11253513 2479013 220 421 17 53 021


23410313 8791713 376 2591 29 550 063



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10-shy‐1413 ugdL

15-shy‐1913 ugdL



2category 1010 61 21 17 1



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Health care


Immediate Treatment




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10-shy‐20 715


20-shy‐45 155



70+6 0


$271049

ADHD treatment




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153348613 12881313 27180 $66347 $1803278713



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Crime






3927 34000 $133518000 $13351800



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Burglaries16 17320213 29 501813 470913 2363103313


Rape 941713 37 348 3336713 1161611713

Murder 508 29 15 3653213 53215313 TOTAL 214442 $6466366813



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Special Education








74 18786 $2492971



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5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



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Summary


















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expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




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13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

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representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

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13

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environment



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13

13 13

13 13


Ful Report 10


References 31


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13

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13 13 13 13 13 13


Overview



Executive Summary



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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13



Background









Healthcare



13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13


Crime13


Special Education






13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13

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13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13


271049 180327872492971

170918336

13351800

64663668











Discussion






13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13







13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13


Background





Full Report




13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13




Analysis






13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13







13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13 13

13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13



tested


of those tested


of those tested


12156813 6312713 519 2170 34 497 079


11253513 2479013 220 421 17 53 021


23410313 8791713 376 2591 29 550 063



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






0 20 40 60 80 100







13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13 13

13 13

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13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13


















10-shy‐1413 ugdL

15-shy‐1913 ugdL



2category 1010 61 21 17 1



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13





Health care


Immediate Treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13





10-shy‐20 715


20-shy‐45 155



70+6 0


$271049

ADHD treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






153348613 12881313 27180 $66347 $1803278713



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13



Crime






3927 34000 $133518000 $13351800



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









Burglaries16 17320213 29 501813 470913 2363103313


Rape 941713 37 348 3336713 1161611713

Murder 508 29 15 3653213 53215313 TOTAL 214442 $6466366813



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13



Special Education








74 18786 $2492971



13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13
















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13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

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13 13


Ful Report 10


References 31


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13 13 13 13 13 13


Overview



Executive Summary



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Background









Healthcare



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13 13

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13

13


Crime13


Special Education






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13

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13 13


271049 180327872492971

170918336

13351800

64663668











Discussion






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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13


Background





Full Report




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13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13




Analysis






13

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13 13

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13 13







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13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13



tested


of those tested


of those tested


12156813 6312713 519 2170 34 497 079


11253513 2479013 220 421 17 53 021


23410313 8791713 376 2591 29 550 063



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






0 20 40 60 80 100







13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13


















10-shy‐1413 ugdL

15-shy‐1913 ugdL



2category 1010 61 21 17 1



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13





Health care


Immediate Treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13

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13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13





10-shy‐20 715


20-shy‐45 155



70+6 0


$271049

ADHD treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






153348613 12881313 27180 $66347 $1803278713



13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13



Crime






3927 34000 $133518000 $13351800



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13

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13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









Burglaries16 17320213 29 501813 470913 2363103313


Rape 941713 37 348 3336713 1161611713

Murder 508 29 15 3653213 53215313 TOTAL 214442 $6466366813



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13



Special Education








74 18786 $2492971



13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

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13

13

13

13

13

13 13

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13

13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



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13 13

13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

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13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13 13 13 13













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13 13

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33 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13
















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13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

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Overview



Executive Summary



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Background









Healthcare



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13

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Crime13


Special Education






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13 13


271049 180327872492971

170918336

13351800

64663668











Discussion






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13 13 13 13 13


Background





Full Report




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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13




Analysis






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tested


of those tested


of those tested


12156813 6312713 519 2170 34 497 079


11253513 2479013 220 421 17 53 021


23410313 8791713 376 2591 29 550 063



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0 20 40 60 80 100







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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13


















10-shy‐1413 ugdL

15-shy‐1913 ugdL



2category 1010 61 21 17 1



13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13





Health care


Immediate Treatment




13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13





10-shy‐20 715


20-shy‐45 155



70+6 0


$271049

ADHD treatment




13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

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13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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153348613 12881313 27180 $66347 $1803278713



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Crime






3927 34000 $133518000 $13351800



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13

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13

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13 13

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Burglaries16 17320213 29 501813 470913 2363103313


Rape 941713 37 348 3336713 1161611713

Murder 508 29 15 3653213 53215313 TOTAL 214442 $6466366813



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13 13 13 13 13 13



Special Education








74 18786 $2492971



13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



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13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

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13

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13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

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13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









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13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

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13

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13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




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13 13 13
















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13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13



Background









Healthcare



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13 13

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13

13


Crime13


Special Education






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13 13


271049 180327872492971

170918336

13351800

64663668











Discussion






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13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13


Background





Full Report




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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13




Analysis






13

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13 13

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13 13







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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13



tested


of those tested


of those tested


12156813 6312713 519 2170 34 497 079


11253513 2479013 220 421 17 53 021


23410313 8791713 376 2591 29 550 063



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






0 20 40 60 80 100







13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13 13

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13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13


















10-shy‐1413 ugdL

15-shy‐1913 ugdL



2category 1010 61 21 17 1



13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13

13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13





Health care


Immediate Treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13

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13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13





10-shy‐20 715


20-shy‐45 155



70+6 0


$271049

ADHD treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






153348613 12881313 27180 $66347 $1803278713



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13



Crime






3927 34000 $133518000 $13351800



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









Burglaries16 17320213 29 501813 470913 2363103313


Rape 941713 37 348 3336713 1161611713

Murder 508 29 15 3653213 53215313 TOTAL 214442 $6466366813



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13



Special Education








74 18786 $2492971



13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

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13

13

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13

13 13

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13

13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

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13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

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13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13 13

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33 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13
















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13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

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Crime13


Special Education






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271049 180327872492971

170918336

13351800

64663668











Discussion






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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13


Background





Full Report




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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13




Analysis






13

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13 13







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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13



tested


of those tested


of those tested


12156813 6312713 519 2170 34 497 079


11253513 2479013 220 421 17 53 021


23410313 8791713 376 2591 29 550 063



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






0 20 40 60 80 100







13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13


















10-shy‐1413 ugdL

15-shy‐1913 ugdL



2category 1010 61 21 17 1



13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13





Health care


Immediate Treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13





10-shy‐20 715


20-shy‐45 155



70+6 0


$271049

ADHD treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






153348613 12881313 27180 $66347 $1803278713



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13

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13 13

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13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13



Crime






3927 34000 $133518000 $13351800



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









Burglaries16 17320213 29 501813 470913 2363103313


Rape 941713 37 348 3336713 1161611713

Murder 508 29 15 3653213 53215313 TOTAL 214442 $6466366813



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13



Special Education








74 18786 $2492971



13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

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13

13

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13

13

13 13

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13

13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13


271049 180327872492971

170918336

13351800

64663668











Discussion






13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13


Background





Full Report




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13




Analysis






13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13







13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13



tested


of those tested


of those tested


12156813 6312713 519 2170 34 497 079


11253513 2479013 220 421 17 53 021


23410313 8791713 376 2591 29 550 063



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






0 20 40 60 80 100







13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13


















10-shy‐1413 ugdL

15-shy‐1913 ugdL



2category 1010 61 21 17 1



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13





Health care


Immediate Treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13





10-shy‐20 715


20-shy‐45 155



70+6 0


$271049

ADHD treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






153348613 12881313 27180 $66347 $1803278713



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13



Crime






3927 34000 $133518000 $13351800



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









Burglaries16 17320213 29 501813 470913 2363103313


Rape 941713 37 348 3336713 1161611713

Murder 508 29 15 3653213 53215313 TOTAL 214442 $6466366813



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13



Special Education








74 18786 $2492971



13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13


Background





Full Report




13 13 13 13 13

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13

13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13




Analysis






13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13 13







13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13



tested


of those tested


of those tested


12156813 6312713 519 2170 34 497 079


11253513 2479013 220 421 17 53 021


23410313 8791713 376 2591 29 550 063



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






0 20 40 60 80 100







13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13 13

13 13

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13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13


















10-shy‐1413 ugdL

15-shy‐1913 ugdL



2category 1010 61 21 17 1



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13





Health care


Immediate Treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13

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13 13 13

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13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13





10-shy‐20 715


20-shy‐45 155



70+6 0


$271049

ADHD treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






153348613 12881313 27180 $66347 $1803278713



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13



Crime






3927 34000 $133518000 $13351800



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









Burglaries16 17320213 29 501813 470913 2363103313


Rape 941713 37 348 3336713 1161611713

Murder 508 29 15 3653213 53215313 TOTAL 214442 $6466366813



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13



Special Education








74 18786 $2492971



13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

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13

13 13 13

13

13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13

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13 13

13 13

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13 13 13 13 13

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13 13





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13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

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13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




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13 13

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13 13 13 13













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13 13

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13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13


Background





Full Report




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13




Analysis






13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13







13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13



tested


of those tested


of those tested


12156813 6312713 519 2170 34 497 079


11253513 2479013 220 421 17 53 021


23410313 8791713 376 2591 29 550 063



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






0 20 40 60 80 100







13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13


















10-shy‐1413 ugdL

15-shy‐1913 ugdL



2category 1010 61 21 17 1



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13





Health care


Immediate Treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13





10-shy‐20 715


20-shy‐45 155



70+6 0


$271049

ADHD treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






153348613 12881313 27180 $66347 $1803278713



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13



Crime






3927 34000 $133518000 $13351800



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









Burglaries16 17320213 29 501813 470913 2363103313


Rape 941713 37 348 3336713 1161611713

Murder 508 29 15 3653213 53215313 TOTAL 214442 $6466366813



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13



Special Education








74 18786 $2492971



13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13




Analysis






13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13







13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13



tested


of those tested


of those tested


12156813 6312713 519 2170 34 497 079


11253513 2479013 220 421 17 53 021


23410313 8791713 376 2591 29 550 063



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






0 20 40 60 80 100







13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13


















10-shy‐1413 ugdL

15-shy‐1913 ugdL



2category 1010 61 21 17 1



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13





Health care


Immediate Treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13





10-shy‐20 715


20-shy‐45 155



70+6 0


$271049

ADHD treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






153348613 12881313 27180 $66347 $1803278713



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13

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13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13



Crime






3927 34000 $133518000 $13351800



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









Burglaries16 17320213 29 501813 470913 2363103313


Rape 941713 37 348 3336713 1161611713

Murder 508 29 15 3653213 53215313 TOTAL 214442 $6466366813



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13



Special Education








74 18786 $2492971



13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13 13

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13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

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13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

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13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13 13

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33 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

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13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf


13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13







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13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13



tested


of those tested


of those tested


12156813 6312713 519 2170 34 497 079


11253513 2479013 220 421 17 53 021


23410313 8791713 376 2591 29 550 063



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






0 20 40 60 80 100







13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13 13

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13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13


















10-shy‐1413 ugdL

15-shy‐1913 ugdL



2category 1010 61 21 17 1



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13





Health care


Immediate Treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13





10-shy‐20 715


20-shy‐45 155



70+6 0


$271049

ADHD treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






153348613 12881313 27180 $66347 $1803278713



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13



Crime






3927 34000 $133518000 $13351800



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









Burglaries16 17320213 29 501813 470913 2363103313


Rape 941713 37 348 3336713 1161611713

Murder 508 29 15 3653213 53215313 TOTAL 214442 $6466366813



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13



Special Education








74 18786 $2492971



13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13



tested


of those tested


of those tested


12156813 6312713 519 2170 34 497 079


11253513 2479013 220 421 17 53 021


23410313 8791713 376 2591 29 550 063



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






0 20 40 60 80 100







13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13


















10-shy‐1413 ugdL

15-shy‐1913 ugdL



2category 1010 61 21 17 1



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13





Health care


Immediate Treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13





10-shy‐20 715


20-shy‐45 155



70+6 0


$271049

ADHD treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






153348613 12881313 27180 $66347 $1803278713



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13



Crime






3927 34000 $133518000 $13351800



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









Burglaries16 17320213 29 501813 470913 2363103313


Rape 941713 37 348 3336713 1161611713

Murder 508 29 15 3653213 53215313 TOTAL 214442 $6466366813



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13



Special Education








74 18786 $2492971



13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






0 20 40 60 80 100







13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13


















10-shy‐1413 ugdL

15-shy‐1913 ugdL



2category 1010 61 21 17 1



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13

13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13





Health care


Immediate Treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13

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13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13





10-shy‐20 715


20-shy‐45 155



70+6 0


$271049

ADHD treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






153348613 12881313 27180 $66347 $1803278713



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13



Crime






3927 34000 $133518000 $13351800



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









Burglaries16 17320213 29 501813 470913 2363103313


Rape 941713 37 348 3336713 1161611713

Murder 508 29 15 3653213 53215313 TOTAL 214442 $6466366813



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13



Special Education








74 18786 $2492971



13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

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13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13


















10-shy‐1413 ugdL

15-shy‐1913 ugdL



2category 1010 61 21 17 1



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13





Health care


Immediate Treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13





10-shy‐20 715


20-shy‐45 155



70+6 0


$271049

ADHD treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






153348613 12881313 27180 $66347 $1803278713



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13



Crime






3927 34000 $133518000 $13351800



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









Burglaries16 17320213 29 501813 470913 2363103313


Rape 941713 37 348 3336713 1161611713

Murder 508 29 15 3653213 53215313 TOTAL 214442 $6466366813



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13



Special Education








74 18786 $2492971



13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13

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13 13

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13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

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13 13

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13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

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13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13





Health care


Immediate Treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13





10-shy‐20 715


20-shy‐45 155



70+6 0


$271049

ADHD treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






153348613 12881313 27180 $66347 $1803278713



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13



Crime






3927 34000 $133518000 $13351800



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









Burglaries16 17320213 29 501813 470913 2363103313


Rape 941713 37 348 3336713 1161611713

Murder 508 29 15 3653213 53215313 TOTAL 214442 $6466366813



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13



Special Education








74 18786 $2492971



13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13





10-shy‐20 715


20-shy‐45 155



70+6 0


$271049

ADHD treatment




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






153348613 12881313 27180 $66347 $1803278713



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13



Crime






3927 34000 $133518000 $13351800



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









Burglaries16 17320213 29 501813 470913 2363103313


Rape 941713 37 348 3336713 1161611713

Murder 508 29 15 3653213 53215313 TOTAL 214442 $6466366813



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13



Special Education








74 18786 $2492971



13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13






153348613 12881313 27180 $66347 $1803278713



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13



Crime






3927 34000 $133518000 $13351800



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









Burglaries16 17320213 29 501813 470913 2363103313


Rape 941713 37 348 3336713 1161611713

Murder 508 29 15 3653213 53215313 TOTAL 214442 $6466366813



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13



Special Education








74 18786 $2492971



13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13



Crime






3927 34000 $133518000 $13351800



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









Burglaries16 17320213 29 501813 470913 2363103313


Rape 941713 37 348 3336713 1161611713

Murder 508 29 15 3653213 53215313 TOTAL 214442 $6466366813



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13



Special Education








74 18786 $2492971



13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









Burglaries16 17320213 29 501813 470913 2363103313


Rape 941713 37 348 3336713 1161611713

Murder 508 29 15 3653213 53215313 TOTAL 214442 $6466366813



13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13



Special Education








74 18786 $2492971



13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13



Special Education








74 18786 $2492971



13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13











5-shy‐10 2300 2565 5406213 $12434260013 10-shy‐20 414 39 8220013 $3403080013

20-shy‐30 36 58 12224613 $440085613

30 or greater 56 69 14543013 $814408013 $17091833613



13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13

Summary


















269730611 112507191


13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13


1803278713 27104913 249297113

17091833613

13351800

6466366813









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13





13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13








13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13

13

13

13

13

13

13 13

13

13

13 13

13 13

13

13

13 13

expo

expo

Thes

in13 well






sures




13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13













13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13









33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

33 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13
















13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13

13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

13





Structure Bookmarks

October 2016

October 2016


Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Author

Report Reviewers

Report Reviewers






Figure

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull


bull

bull


Figure

httpwwwmncehorg

Table

TR

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

5

FulReport

FulReport

10



References 31

Overview

Overview

Overview

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Background


Healthcare

Figure

Special Education




Sect

Figure

180327872492971

271049

1709183361335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure





Figure







Discussion

Figure

Figure

Background

Background

Full Report

10

Figure

Analysis

1

Table

TR

Population


tested

of those tested


of those tested

121568

63127

519

2170

34

497

079

112535

24790

220

421

17

53

021

234103

87917

376

2591

29

550

063

1



Figure




Table

TR


0

0

20

40

60

80

100

TR





representative)

bull

TR














overall population)

overall population)




bull
















Population

Rate

Rate

63127

2170

34

497

08

24790

421

17

53

02



58441

2009

34

460

08

87745

0

0

0

0

234103

4600

20

1010

04



056

054

Table

TR

Population

gt=45ugdL

234103

4600

618

209

173

10

1010

61

21

17

1

2


bull

bull

bull


bull

bull

Increased crime

bull

bull


bull

bull


Health care

ImmediateTreatment



Total Cost

715


$87

$61926

155

$1207

$187152

14


$1569

$21971

70+6

70+6

0

$404813

0

TR

$271049

ADHD treatment

ADHD treatment

3

4

5

6


Total costs

1533486

1533486

128813

27180

$66347

$18032787

Figure

7

8

9

10

18

18

Crime





Total cost per year


3927

3927

34000

$133518000

$13351800

11

12

Table

TR






Burglaries16

Burglaries16

173202

29

5018

4709

23631033

Robberies

Robberies

8206

04

32

26857

855981

23109

51

1172

23912

28028384

Rape

Rape

9417

37

348

33367

11616117

Murder

Murder

508

29

15

36532

532153

TOTAL

TOTAL

214442

$64663668



14

15

16

20

20

SpecialEducation


74

74

18786

$2492971

17

18




category

19

19

Figure



2300

2565

54062

$124342600

414

39

82200

$34030800

36

58

122246

$4400856

30or greater

30or greater

56

69

145430

$8144080

TR

$170918336

20

21

22

Summary








Category

Category

Category

Amount

Costs to Taxpayer




271049

243944

18032787

16229508

2492971

2492971



170918336

13673467

TR

34183667


Increasedcrime

Increasedcrime



13351800

13351800

100 taxpayer cost



64663668

32331834

50 taxpayer cost

269730611

112507191

Sect

Figure

Sect

Figure

18032787

271049

2492971 170918336 1335180064663668

Bloodleadtreatment

Figure


Figure

costs

JuvenilincarceraLon





23

23


24

24


25



25


Discussion







Figure



sures


Figure

References

References







Finalpdf


utionpdf


Figure









US

US

US



US

US

httpwwwepagovace

httpwwwepagovace

US

US





Finalpdf

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