CONTOH - CONTOH APLIKASI GIS. PERTANIAN, DLL.

CONTOH - CONTOHAPLIKASI GIS.

PERTANIAN,DLL.

CONTOH-CONTOHPrecision farming in Indian Agricultural Scenario

Baburao Dashrath kambleRemote Sensing and Geographic Information System.

School of Advanced TechnologiesAsian Institute of Technology, Thailand

Tel: +66-2-524-7525 Fax: +66-2-524-5597Email: [email protected]

Now Modern agricultural management practices are changing from assuming homogenous fields to attempting to address field variability by dividing the field into smaller zones and managing these

zones separately Precision agriculture has focused on the development of techniques that primarily aid the convention farming system.( ie. tilling the soil to prepare for planting, and heavy reliance on

chemical inputs, such as pesticides and fertilizers). The small size of farms and fields in most of Indian agriculture limits economic gains from currently

available precision farming technology, while the population density, and public concerns for the environment, food safety and animal welfare means that those potential benefits of precision

agriculture are being given more attention. While adoption of precision farming in wide concept has been modest in India the potential for using

precision agriculture to address environmental, food safety, animal welfare and sustainability problems seems to be attracting political attention in India conditions.

It is not impossible to adopt Precision agriculture in India but Research efforts are needed to find out its applicability in the Indian agricultural scenario. Current paper deals with the applicability,

opportunity of precision agriculture in India.

Diunduh dari: http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/agriculture/overview/me05_107pf.htm ….. 29/9/2012

mailto:[email protected]

Precision farming in Indian Agricultural Scenario

Precision farming is characterised by a number of sophisticated tools that

assist in monitoring variation and managing inputs.

These include:

1. Global Positioning System (GPS) – a referencing device capable of identifying sites within a field;

2. Sensors and dataloggers – crop, soil and climate information can be monitored at a high frequency using these technologies;

3. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) – maps of these attributes can be generated and analysed using simple browsers or complex models

Diunduh dari: http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/agriculture/overview/me05_107pf.htm ….. 29/9/2012

PRECISION FARMING OVERVIEW

INCREASING CROP, LIVESTOCK AND FISHERY PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH ICT

Using Remote Sensors and Similar Tools to Measure Soil Properties

for creating digital soil maps.

Through near infrared and short-wave infrared sensors, satellites measure spectral reflectance in soils on the ground. Different materials reflect and absorb solar radiation at a variety of wavelengths (see the figure).

As a result, remote sensors can measure soil color, texture (sand, silt, and clay), organic matter, moisture, salinity, and absorption processes by detecting and observing the solar radiation reflected (orbit sensing).

Reflectance changes depending on the soil’s contents; for example, reflectance is low in

areas with low silt content.This technology gives researchers an

accurate assessment of soil properties to use in GIS and computer modeling for digital

soil maps. Diunduh dari: http://www.ictinagriculture.org/ictinag/sourcebook/module-5-increasing-crop-livestock-and-fishery-productivity-through-ict …..

29/9/2012

Source: http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/optical.htm

and (a) Hoffer 1978.

http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/optical.htm


Precision Farming through Satellite Technologies

Precision farming through satellite technology utilizes three technologies:

GPS (which can position a tractor within a few feet in the field), GIS (which can capture, manage, and analyze spatial data relating to crop productivity and

field inputs), and variable rate technology (which provides site-specific, “on-the-fly” estimates of field inputs for

site-specific application).

The three ICTs combined provide information that allows producers to

apply inputs, such as fertilizer and insecticide, precisely where they are

neededDiunduh dari: http://www.ictinagriculture.org/ictinag/sourcebook/module-5-increasing-crop-livestock-and-fishery-productivity-through-ict …..

29/9/2012

Source: GIS Development Net

http://www.gisdevelopment.net/proceedings/mapindia/2006/agriculture/mi06agri_144.htm


Web-Based GIS for Paddy Precision Farming, Malaysia

In Malaysia, an interactive, web-based GIS provides information for precision farming and mapping in the Sawah Sempadan rice-growing

area in Tanjung Karang, Selangor (Che’Ya et al. 2009).

The system allows farmers to access information about rice cultivation in their area. Because it uses open-source software, the system is cost-effective for users. Farmers can print variable rate fertilizer application maps and historical data about yield per paddy lot in previous seasons.

This helps farmers analyze and reflect on the best strategy for the coming growing season. Farmers can share information, especially on

fertilizer recommendations. A web presence also allows policy makers to access rice information.

Diunduh dari: http://www.ictinagriculture.org/ictinag/sourcebook/module-5-increasing-crop-livestock-and-fishery-productivity-through-ict ….. 29/9/2012

Applications of geographical information systems (GIS) for spatial decision support in aquaculture

Shree S Nath, John P Bolte, Lindsay G Ross, Jose Aguilar-Manjarrez.Aquacultural Engineering. Volume 23, Issues 1–3, September 2000, Pages 233–278.

A hierarchical modeling scheme

with MCE and MOLA to evaluate suitability

of locations for aquaculture and agriculture and

resolve associated conflicts, in the Sinaloa state of

Mexico

(adapted from Aguilar-Manjarrez and Ross, 1995).

Diunduh dari: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144860900000510 ….. 29/9/2012

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144860900000510



Applications of geographical information systems (GIS) for spatial decision support in aquaculture

Shree S Nath, John P Bolte, Lindsay G Ross, Jose Aguilar-Manjarrez.Aquacultural Engineering. Volume 23, Issues 1–3, September 2000, Pages 233–278.

A hierarchical modeling scheme

with a MCE approach to assess

the suitability of locations, and

associated yield potentials for

inland aquaculture in Africa (adapted

from Aguilar-Manjarrez and

Nath, 1998).

Diunduh dari: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144860900000510 ….. 29/9/2012






Precision Farming With GIS: A fresh Method of Farming Posted by ForestryGIS on Monday, January 9, 2012

Organic FarmingDetail harvesting delivers farmers a fresh set of tools to assist them see as well as deal with their property,

and also to better recognize his or her garden soil circumstances. Accurate grinding uses Geographical

Informations Systems, to split an area in to little helpings so that you can look at the field in higher

depth.

This information enables you to decrease eco-friendly fertilizer waste materials through providing exact info

on what kind of vitamins happen to be in the soil, along with what are the ph of the garden soil location

is.

This can be done simply by splitting up the actual farm directly into modest units, next analyzing your earth.

In the event the soil is way too alkaline or perhaps citrus in one region, it may locking mechanism your

nutrients protecting against the particular plants through ingesting these. Together with accuracy

harvesting these kinds of locations may be treatable to offer your entire industry the consistent ph level

making it possible for better crop operations.

Diunduh dari: http://www.forestry-gis.info/2012/01/precision-farming-with-gis-fresh-method.html ….. 29/9/2012

GIS BASED CROP PRODUCTION MODEL AND ITS APPLICATIONSSatya Priya

RMSI Pvt. Ltd., NOIDA, India. [email protected]

To address the spatial variability, a spatial

model “Spatial-EPIC” “(Satya et. al., 1998) was

developed based on a crop simulation model

EPIC (Williams, J. R. and A. N. Sharpely., 1989)

(Erosion Productivity

Impact Calculator).

Diunduh dari: http://gisdevelopment.net/application/agriculture/production/agric0008.htm ….. 29/9/2012

Brief schematic presentation of modeling



Development of “spatial-epic model”

To understand what these crop needs are from point to point/pixel to pixel, it

is necessary to understand the relationship between crop yield and both controllable (such as fertiliser

nutrients) and uncontrollable (such as soil, topography) factors.

The effect of these factors on yield is complex and may change from point to

point within a field.

Identification of opportunities and constraints is the task of

characterisation. Modeling within a GIS offers a

mechanism to integrate the many scales of data developed in and for

agricultural research.


. Physical Components of the Model.



Development of Dynamic Adaptations & Management Loop

The original EPIC is static with respect to management and technology. A single crop or

rotation, tillage practice, conservation measure, crop planting and harvesting date,

and machine sequence is specified prior to an EPIC simulation and cannot be varied during a

simulation. The level of technology (such as plant genetic

material and efficiency, plant varieties or cultivar, irrigation efficiencies, and so on) is

also fixed. This was one of the main bottlenecks in the EPIC because it can not

adopt the management as per the climatic and resources prevail in temporal time scale.

Therefore, the “Spatial-EPIC” carries a component where all these management and

technologies practices have been made dynamic.


. Modelling Linkage Diagram.

USING REMOTELY SENSED DATA AND GIS TO IMPROVE FARM PLANNING AND PRODUCTIVITY

Darryl WoodrowNational GIS Manager, Airesearch Mapping Pty Ltd.

11 Hi-Tech Ct, Technology Park. Eight Mile Plains QLD 4113Ph. 07 3841 3433 Fax. 07 38413466. [email protected]

Precision Farming is one of the latest developments in managing returns from farm assets.Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), analysis of an entire farm can be made

down to sub-paddock regions. Information such as soil, slope, aspect and rainfall can all be analysed to develop a picture of the characteristics of each parcel of land.

Characteristics of one parcel can be compared to others to determine why yields and costs incurred vary from one location to another.

However, is this all encompassing? .Are there ways we can improve our decisions? With the combination of remotely sensed data (satellite imagery, aerial photography, plus

others) and GIS, decisions on farm management can be made to maximise returns and reduce costs.

Imagery can be used to determine the health and vigor of crops and assist in determining growth rates. Informed decisions can then be made on the productivity of various parcels.

Action can be taken to improve areas that are not performing.

Yield returns can be calculated and risk assessments made for the viability of any parcel of land. Long-term strategies can be formed with confidence that the information being used is the best available. With the information determined from imagery the harvest could be

planned to maximise yields over the entire farm.Diunduh dari: http://www.regional.org.au/au/gia/08/259woodrow.htm….. 29/9/2012




The Benefits of Remote Sensing to AgricultureApplications of remote sensing in agriculture may only be limited by a persons

imagination. Current applications are designed to provide the farmer with timely information about crop progress.

The following are just some of the benefits that can be gained from the use of remote sensing.

1. Early identification of crop health and stress2. Ability to use this information to do remediation work on the problem3. Improve crop yield4. Crop yield predictions5. Reduce costs6. Reduce environmental impact7. Crop management to maximise returns through the season8. Crop management to maximise returns during harvest time.

Diunduh dari: http://www.regional.org.au/au/gia/08/259woodrow.htm….. 29/9/2012




The precision farming approach to crop production may be viewed as a

four step process .Using data obtained through GIS, GPS and imagery many functions can be planned

from the start of the crop. Seeding rates across the field can be

varied to allow for better plant growth. Seeding rates and hence yield rates can be

maximised according to soil conditions.The application of fertilizers and

insecticides can be varied in much the same rate across the field as seeding

rates. Harvesting equipment can be equipped with services that measure the yield.

Combined with GPS a yield map can be produced to show variations in yield.

Diunduh dari: http://www.regional.org.au/au/gia/08/259woodrow.htm….. 29/9/2012

The cyclic nature of the precision farming approach..

REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURERajesh Solomon Paul and K.S. Siva Subramanian

Remote Sensing and GIS applications for agriculture can be classified as:

1. Creation of Agricultural Information System, by combining information derived from source satellite images and data collected from other sources

2. Agricultural Information based applications such as, insurance, commercial distribution studies of seeds, pests and fertilizers

3. Agricultural Livelihood or Commercial Enhancement Studies, such as, land development, agricultural risk mitigation studies, watershed management etc

Diunduh dari: http://www.gisdevelopment.net/proceedings/mapindia/2006/agriculture/mi06agri_136.htm ….. 29/9/2012



. Application of RS and GIS in agriculture.


Agriculture data for fertilizer distribution companies

Different crops and agricultural fields require different types and amount of

fertilizer. It is often observed that there is either a shortage or over supply of certain fertilizer in the market. This

happens due to lack of information on agricultural fields.

Analyzing landuse, land capability, soil characteristics and farmer’s interest

one can estimate the fertilizer requirement for a particular area.


. GIS analysis for assessment of fertilizer requirement.


SISTEM INFORMASI BERBASIS WEB

In order to provide complete information to the farmers, traders and

consumers - web GIS* has been effectively used and easily accessed

through Internet from any part of the world. This system includes

information about the crop varieties, farm management practices, markets,

current prices and weather related information amongst others.

The concept of e-chaupal of ITC helps farmers to sell their produce directly

and thereby fetch good returns. Farmers can send on-line queries

related to crops, markets, and crop management practices through various

centers.


. Components of web-GIS for agriculture.

SATELLITES AND MAPS IN AFRICAN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

Christopher Legg, “Independent Remote Sensing and GIS Consultant”

They will be describing the use of GPS technology, satellite-derived public domain data sets and

geographic information systems in planning and managing agricultural development projects in Sub-

Saharan Africa.

Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa has evolved over centuries to provide food and income for mainly rural populations in a very wide range

of environments, from desert to rain forest and from coastal lowlands to plateaux and

mountains.

Diunduh dari: http://bscia-bsba.org.uk/ai1ec_event/satellites-and-maps-in-african-agricultural-development/?instance_id= ….. 30/9/2012

..

. Remote Sensing Applications for Agriculture and Land Use Management and Mapping

Posted on September 11, 2011 by Auracle Geospatial Science, Inc.

A satellite remote sensing process as applied to agricultural monitoring processes.

The sun (A) emits electromagnetic energy (B) to plants (C).

A portion of the electromagnetic energy is transmitted through the

leaves.

The sensor on the satellite detects the reflected energy (D).

The data is then transmitted to the ground station (E).

The data is analyzed (F) and displayed on field maps (G).

Diunduh dari: http://auracle.ca/news/?p=80 ….. 30/9/2012

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http://auracle.ca/news/wordpress-content/uploads/2011/08/ae1262-4.gif

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