ConceptPaperEN DL 18050803 Token), a cryptocurrency intended to be widely circulated throughout the...

O t a k u C o i nC O N C E P T P A P E R

O t a k u C o i n P r e p a r a t i o n C o m m i t t e e

M a y 9 , 2 0 1 8

Table of Contents

1. O u r G o a l :

2. W h a t i s O t a k u C o i n ?

3. O t a k u C o i n C o n c e p t a n d R o a d M a p

4. P l a n n i n g P a r t n e r s a n d A d v i s o r s

5. C o n c l u s i o n

a . C o m m u n i t y C u r r e n c y a n d V o t i n g R i g h t s

b . I s s u i n g O t a k u C o i n a n d t h e V o t i n g P l a t f o r m

C o n t r i b u t i n g t o t h e D e v e l o p m e n t o f O t a k u C u l t u r e

a . P l a n n i n g P a r t n e r s

b . P l a n n i n g A d v i s o r s

02

1

O u r G o a l :C o n t r i b u t i n g t o t h e D e v e l o p m e n t o f O t a k u C u l t u r e

1 . O u r G o a l : C o n t r i b u t i n g t o t h e D e v e l o p m e n t o f O t a k u C u l t u r e

We would like to use this concept paper to share the vision behind our ongoing consideration of Otaku Coin (an

ERC20 Token), a cryptocurrency intended to be widely circulated throughout the anime, manga, game, and other

content industries.

Otaku Coin is a cryptocurrency which uses blockchain technology, the latest mechanism of economic

democratization, in order to closely and seamlessly connect fans worldwide with creators and otaku-related

companies. Otaku Coin will also contribute to the preservation and development of otaku culture (anime, manga,

games, and other contents, as well as works based on that content, community activities, and other secondary

activities).

Tokyo Otaku Mode (hereafter "TOM") first proposed the initial concept of Otaku Coin. As an important step toward

making the Otaku Coin vision a reality, TOM went on to establish the Otaku Coin Preparation Committee (hereafter

"OCPC") in combination with various third parties. All decisions about the direction of Otaku Coin are now performed

by OCPC, which functions as a separate entity from TOM.

We decided to publish this concept paper in hopes of receiving feedback about our ideas from creators,

content-makers and other industry members, and fans around the world. Your feedback will be crucial to refining our

plans even further. We genuinely hope to hear your ideas and opinions. Also, we are still open to planning partners

and businesses who would like to endorse the initiative.

If you have an opinion you would like to share, please use the enquiry form below to get in touch with us.

https://otakucoin.typeform.com/to/HusWRd

As of May 2018, we plan to issue Otaku Coin sometime after summer or fall of 2018. As part of the preparation

process, we are reviewing the feasibility of Otaku Coin from a wide variety of perspectives, including double-checking

the very latest legal and tax-related regulations of countries where Otaku Coin might potentially circulate. We remain

in communication with additional prospective planning advisors and partners, and will also continue introducing and

explaining the Otaku Coin concept and our vision to various other relevant and affiliated parties.

04

2

W h a t i s O t a k u C o i n ?

2 . W h a t i s O t a k u C o i n ?

a. Community Currency and Voting Rights

In the following, we, OCPC, will explain the Otaku Coin concept that we would like to have realized.

Otaku Coin is a new type of currency—a community currency created specifically for the subcultures surrounding anime, manga, games, and more, and one that attempts to directly reflect the will of fans via "voting rights." By creating a cryptocurrency that fans want to use, we hope to develop and stimulate the community while spreading Otaku Coin around the world.

Specifically, OCPC hopes to use Otaku Coin to achieve the following:

We believe that the circulation of Otaku Coin, which will gather the support of fans, creators, and businesses within the otaku community, will lead to a brighter future for otaku culture. If only one company in the community has all the power and privilege and decisions are made to benefit that company or individual, that would be the greatest bottleneck to the circulation of Otaku Coin. We therefore plan to take the opposite approach.

Moreover, we wholeheartedly endorse the philosophy of decentralization of power that lies at the foundation of cryptocurrencies using blockchain technology. We hope to actively circulate Otaku Coins throughout the otaku community, and to increase the number of people who switch from being exclusive users of fiat currency to also enjoying the use of cryptocurrency. Over time, we intend to take steps toward building Otaku Coin-related systems and mechanisms that can continue operating—fully decentralized—in perpetuity.

By providing a mechanism that allows fans to vote on and fund projects that will contribute to the development of otaku culture, we aim to make it easier for creators to produce more works and thus further the growth and prosperity of otaku culture as a whole.

i

By distributing this cryptocurrency throughout the global community of fans, we aim to eliminate purchase bottlenecks such as foreign currency conversion fees and related transaction surcharges, facilitating a more active economic ecosystem and invigorating the community.

ii

By cooperating with our partner businesses and media, we aim to implement reward programs designed for the benefit of those engaging in otaku activities—such as legally watching anime online, spreading the word about otaku content, purchasing officially licensed products, and so on—thereby encouraging expansion of the fanbase and promoting the health of the community.

iii

06


b. Issuing Otaku Coin and the Voting Platform

In order to issue Otaku Coin, we are planning to carry out the following steps.

OCPC plans to issue Otaku Coin (an ERC20 Token) sometime after summer or fall of 2018 after establishing an even more thoroughly decentralized organization called the Otaku Coin Fund (tentative).*This is our plan as of May 2018, but it remains subject to change depending upon various possible internal and external shifts in circumstance going forward.

Further details are written below.

IssuanceWe are planning to issue 100 billion Otaku Coins. We will issue all of the coins at once, without any additional issuances later on. We will not conduct an ICO (Initial Coin Offering).

ApplicationWe will develop a specialty wallet application for Otaku Coin and hope to release it at the time of the issuance. We will make it easy to use for all Otaku Coin users, not just the small percentage of users who are cryptocurrency literate.

Intended Use and PercentagesOf the issued Otaku Coins, 61% will be designated for the following two purposes: - The majority of these coins will be used for funding projects which will contribute to the development of otaku culture.- A smaller portion of these coins will be gifted to users (distributed to them at no cost) through AirDrop and Bounty Program.The remaining 39% of issued coins will be used as operating expenses for the Otaku Coin Fund (consisting of planning partners, advisors, and other administrative members).

*About OCPC Administrative Members

As of May 2018, members with roles in the day-to-day management of OCPC hail from a wide range of industries and have rich careers, deep

expertise, and/or entrepreneurial experience in their respective areas. There are also members who participated in the original draft proposal

(including TOM members) as well as planning members from blockchain/IT/finance industries. We have assembled a diverse group of

administrators.

・Anime/manga creators

・Game creators/developers

・Manga contest judges

・Website and application developers

・Blockchain-related specialists (in the fields of law, accounting, security, and system development)

・Members experienced in business launching, stock listing, managing First Section-listed companies on the TSE, finance, M&A, etc.

i Otaku Coin Issuance

07

Distribution MethodAt the time of the Otaku Coin issuance, a predetermined number of coins will be released through AirDrop and Bounty Program and gifted to a select number of users. After this free distribution takes place, it may become possible for users to use the coins they were gifted in order to make purchases or other transactions on planning partners' services.

We plan to release and make the voting platform public sometime in 2019. The platform is a new system that makes it possible for fans to directly participate in decision-making that will improve the future of the otaku culture.

The voting platform gives Otaku Coin holders voting rights (voting tokens) which are used to vote for projects which will contribute to the development of otaku culture. Those projects are funded through the platform. The Otaku Coin Fund will manage, operate, and fund the procedures of the platform, but it may not intervene in the voting and decision-making process. Also, there will be no surcharges or transaction fees involved in fundraising.

ii Release of the Voting Platform


*The following contents are assumed to be included within the Otaku Coin Fund operating expenses:

・Software development expenses (the tokens themselves, voting platforms, the wallet app and other secondary applications, etc.; we plan to

develop these as open source software)

・Marketing expenses

・Expenses used to create the model case projects described later in the paper

・Personnel and activity costs for the Otaku Coin Fund administrative members

・All expenses incurred through the operation of Otaku Coin and deemed necessary for the preservation and development of the Otaku Coin

community

*The Otaku Coin Fund will not collect any surcharges or other transaction fees in the process of gifting coins to users for free, or in the

process of funding projects.

08

In order for this system to work effectively, we plan on unveiling multiple "model case" projects before the actual voting platform gets fully released. These initial projects will be selected on the basis of their potential to contribute to the development of otaku culture. By establishing a strong foundation for project quality at this early stage, we aim to help pave the way for many more exciting projects to come in the future.

Examples of hypothetical model case projectsContent-based: fund anime production, support content creatorsCommunity-based: create or expand otaku services, shops, and real-life events; develop new opportunities to enliven the community through use of Otaku Coin


09

Why a voting platform?

We wish to offer fans worldwide the opportunity to experience a deeper sense of ownership towards anime, manga, games, and more. Existing forms of consumption/purchasing/crowdfunding are best suited as ways for individual consumers to express their individual support. The key difference between this and our planned voting system is that our voting system is being designed as a way to reflect the collective will of the entire otaku community.

We hope that the otaku community can overcome borders to discuss which projects truly deserve the community's support. Our desire is for fans to feel empowered to vote as members of the global otaku community, regardless of whether or not they have personally been able to spend money on the content they love in the past, and regardless of how geographically distant they may be from each other and from creators.

We believe that the lifespan and depth of a culture grow in proportion to how much people around the world discuss and engage in it.

3

O t a k u C o i n C o n c e p ta n d R o a d M a p

This is a road map depicting the realization of the Otaku Coin concept.

3 . O t a k u C o i n C o n c e p t a n d R o a d M a p

12/272017

5/92018

2018

Summer- Fall

2019

Road Map *There may be major changes to the actual timing of each milestone

Otaku Coin InitialConsideration

Press Seminar(Presentation)

AirDrop & Bounty Program

Otaku Coin Issuanceand Free Distribution

Voting Platform Release

Project Model CaseCreation

11

4

P l a n n i n g P a r t n e r sa n d A d v i s o r s

4 . P l a n n i n g P a r t n e r s a n d A d v i s o r s

a. Planning Partners

Let us introduce the planning partners and advisors who are endorsing Otaku Coin.

A news website launched in 2005 specializing in anime information. Constructed with the concept of “being the

cheerleaders for anime and the anime industry,” it offers information regarding not just the latest anime series

but also all kinds of anime-related information, such as series aimed towards kids and families, famous series

from yesteryear, the anime business, as well as news about anime overseas. It also features unique stories, such

as interviews with voice actors and creators, as well as pieces on the new charms displayed by different works or

voice actors. It also has exciting content that everyone can enjoy, such as a page featuring the latest anime with

consent from the rights holders, as well as articles in collaboration with anime characters written under the

supervision of the anime’s staff. The website also manages Anime!Anime! Biz, a sister website specializing in

information about the anime business and other industry information.

Anime!Anime! Otaku Coin Planning Partner

AnyPay Inc. was established in June 2016 by Shinji Kimura, the company representative and the serial

entrepreneur who led Atlantis and Gunosy to their success. Its mission is to “realize a society enveloped by

technology.” AnyPay Inc. has released the bill-splitting app “paymo” and the payment service “paymo biz.” With

its business developments in FinTech and Kimura’s cryptocurrency investment expertise, AnyPay Inc. launched

its ICO consulting service in September 2017, which has helped companies around the world such as Bread and

Drivezy.

AnyPay Inc. Advisor / Partner

Our company is a production studio that delivers consistently high quality service, producing, composite and

effect VFX by ourselves. We always try to unite a best team, directors and operators, for requirement of any

client’s orders. Production works can have not only Japanese animation and cartoons, but also short-films like

promotion movie (PV), music movie (MV), and some animation using digital motion tools, puppet tools. Next

step, we will start up some 3DCG projects in near future. Award History: ADFEST2017, FILM CRAFT LOTUS,

ANIMATION, SILVER, [SAMURAI NOODLES "THE ORIGINATOR] / Tokyo Anime Pitch Grand Prix 2018 [Krocchi the

Streetcat]

asura film co., ltd. Otaku Coin Planning Partner

13


Through its Facebook page with over 20 million likes and its e-commerce site, the Tokyo Otaku Mode Shop, Tokyo

Otaku Mode (TOM) delivers the latest news and products from Japanese anime, manga, games, music, and

fashion to fans around the world.

Also, through the TOM Shop, TOM receives goods related to anime and manga directly from official makers and

sells them overseas. TOM also designs and distributes original merchandise with creators worldwide to

customers in over 130 countries. Using the know-how it has developed in international business, TOM offers

services to support overseas business expansions and inbound businesses.

With a mission of “Making the world happy through otaku culture,” TOM provides a new value to the world’s

entertainment market in the hopes of improving the lifestyles of Japanese subculture fans around the world.

Tokyo Otaku Mode Otaku Coin Planning Partner

The Toyo Institute of Art and Design is an art and design vocational school that offers courses in subjects such as

illustration, design, 3DCG, and manga, as well as topics ranging from traditional painting techniques to the latest

technological advancements in art preservation and repair. We strive to develop creators with the mottos of “to

train people aiming for creative jobs” as well as “to train professionals who can flourish in the real world.” We

aren’t limited to just teaching students the techniques and knowledge behind art and design, but we connect that

knowledge to employment and place great importance on continuous support. The Toyo Institute of Art and

Design reached its 70th anniversary in May 2016.

Toyo Institute of Art and Design Otaku Coin Planning Partner

whomor Inc. (head office: Chuo-ku, Tokyo) is an IT startup handling entertainment content that was founded six

years ago by a manga artist. With the vision of “bringing excitement to the world through creativity,” whomor

engages in creating new initiatives and content not limited to existing methods. In partnership with 6,000

creators, whomor creates character illustrations for video games, promotions using manga that precisely

describe problems in the businesses, and original manga works.

whomor Inc. Otaku Coin Planning Partner

14

Established in February 2017. Has locations in Kobe and Ho Chi Minh City.

Deals mainly in research for Ethereum blockchains and smart contracts, as well as application development that

uses those technologies. Has more than 30 engineers working in both Japan and Vietnam.

Its main product is HB Wallet, an Ethereum wallet application that has been downloaded over 200 thousand times

around the world. With just one app, users can safely manage not just Ethereum, but over 10,000 different kinds

of ERC20 Tokens. Also manages the website REAL BOOST, which uses blockchain and smart contract

technologies for crowdfunding. Its beta version is up as of December 2017.

bacoor Inc. Otaku Coin Planning Partner

An anime, manga, and video game news media for overseas readers that began operation in November 2014. It is

currently available in English and Spanish. In addition to delivering news directly procured from industry insiders in

Japan, the US, and Spanish-speaking countries as quickly as possible to readers, Honey’s Anime has gained

popularity with users for its plentiful variety of articles, including those written from the unique perspective of the

reporter, reports from events all over the worlds, and interviews with those in the industry. Since its launch three

years ago, it has grown to become one of the world’s leading sites in the genres of anime, manga, and video

games, and its number of readers continues to increase.

Honey's Anime Otaku Coin Planning Partner


Rakuten Collection is an online character lottery service that began operation in May 2016. Under the concept of

“Shopping is Entertainment!” the service produces unexpected encounters with characters fans like and aims to

offer a new experience through character goods. Products mainly include anime and game character goods,

along with idol, artist, and athlete merch, and the service is widely expanding its limited edition products for fans

to enjoy, regardless of the genre.

Rakuten Collection Otaku Coin Planning Partner

Leo Akahoshi studied abroad in New York during middle school and in Syria during university. He engaged in

investment banking services for foreign companies prior to working at a domestic securities company. He then

shifted to GREE, Inc. in 2012 and oversaw domestic and overseas investments, acquisitions, and new business

planning. He founded qdopp Inc. and assumed the position of CEO in 2014, where he manages both Honey’s

Anime, an overseas news media for anime, manga, and games, and Honeyfeed, an English novel content

submission site. He also engages in overseas advertisements of otaku content and business consulting using his

knowledge of the overseas otaku market.

Leo Akahoshi Advisor / CEO of qdopp Inc.

b. Planning Advisors

Honeyfeed is an English CGM-type light novel site that began operation in January 2017. The social light novel

platform is a place where English-speaking users who have become unsatisfied by simply viewing and

subscribing to anime and manga themselves can express their surging creative urges. The service sprang forth

from Honey’s Anime readers lamenting that there are few places to express their original anime- and manga-like

stories. Honeyfeed is an oasis for hardcore otaku with a pleasant atmosphere in which they can elevate their

expressive power and potential through users giving mutual feedback and more.

Honeyfeed Otaku Coin Planning Partner

15


Born in 1983 in Tokyo, Nobuhiro Oga entered VIZ Media, LLC in the US after graduating from graduate school.

Experienced in the business of licensing Japanese content, he is engaged in the development of digital

distribution businesses. He was inaugurated as the president of Shogakukan in 2012, his current position as of

2017.

Nobuhiro Oga Advisor / Shogakukan Managing Director

Worked in the corporate sales division of Mizuho Bank and learned about many complaints clients had with their

banks. After joining Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu LLC, he audited companies preparing to list on the stock market

and worked with over 15 IPOs in 3 years. In 2015, he took part in Deloitte Tohmatsu Venture Support’s FinTech

team and worked as a “blockchain accountant.” He has organized seminars about ICOs, supported

cryptocurrencies and blockchain ventures, consulted for blockchain verification tests, developed audit

procedures and conducted audits for cryptocurrency exchanges, and assisted with the implementation of

in-house operation management systems. In October 2017, he joined a blockchain venture as a business

developer, the second Japanese person to do so. Provides private consultation for ICO projects and is the adviser

for several cryptocurrency/blockchain projects.

Hitoshi Kakizawa Advisor / Blockchain Accountant, Certified Public Accountant

Kizuna AI is a virtual YouTuber who uploads videos from a white space almost daily, and has drawn the attention

of fans in both Japan and around the world. Her channel has over one million subscribers and over 55 million

views. Her dream is to become the world’s number one YouTuber. Her interests include egosurfing and

interacting with human beings. She recently celebrated her first anniversary since she began releasing videos on

December 1, 2016. Her direct way of speaking and abundance of emotions conveys a humanity atypical of "AI"

personas.

Kizuna AI Virtual YouTuber / Otaku Coin Ambassador

Born in Yugoslavia, Masayuki Ikegami became a US resident during middle school, where he won an award for

programming. During his days as a student, he was passionate about programming. After graduating from the

Department of Science and Technology at Keio University, he entered the foreign business consulting firm A.T.

Kearney. After consulting a variety of businesses, he took part in launching the DeNA and NTT Docomo joint

venture Everystar Co., Ltd. and was inaugurated as the CEO. There, he created a variety of mega hit works

including “Ōsama Game (King's Game)” and “Doreiku,” as well as a smartphone novel boom. He resigned from

the position in March 2015 and in April of that year founded SAKURAS Co., Ltd. He currently teaches online

business strategies at the Globis University Graduate School of Management in addition to engaging in digital

strategy consulting for broadcasters and publishers.

Masayuki Ikegami Advisor / CEO of SAKURAS Co., Ltd.

16


CEO of blockchain specialist Consensus Base Inc. Has been involved with blockchains for a long time and has the

know-how and experience of performing verification tests for dozens of major firms, such as SoftBank, Daiwa

Securities Group, and the Japan Exchange Group. Currently offers ICO consulting, ICO packages, trading cards,

and other services through his own company. Co-published books about bitcoins and Ethereum with NEC and

authored many books and articles about blockchains. Also serves as a blockchain committee member for the

Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry. Continues to stand at the forefront of blockchain technology as an

engineer and is actively attempting to spread information about the technology.

Hiroshi Shimo Advisor / Founder & CEO of Consensus Base Inc.

Sudo was born in Mexico and raised in Yokohama. He is active in covering, reporting, and writing about animation

around the world. He also conducts research on the business of animations. After leaving his position in a stock

company, he created the information website “Anime!Anime!” in 2004, which became one of the most famous of

its kind in Japan. In 2009, he created “Anime!Anime! Biz,” a website with information about the business of

animations, and served as the editor. In 2012, Sudo transferred the websites he was managing to IID, Inc. In July

2017, he left “Anime!Anime!” and began to work independently. Some of his most notable works include the

animation section of “Digital Content White Paper,” “Anime Industry Report,” which he composed himself, and

“Who’s going to create anime from now on? A silent revolution caused by Chinese capital and online distribution”

(Seikaisha Shinsho).

Tadashi Sudo Advisor / Journalist

Founded Sprout Inc. by gathering a group of consultants and researchers with extensive knowledge in

cybersecurity with a basis of security engineers known as “white hat hackers.” While investigating and

researching the hidden weaknesses hiding behind “zero-day attacks,” the latest cyberspace trends, and cyber

terror techniques, he uses the knowledge he learned from the company to support other businesses and

governmental authorities’ cybersecurity. He also runs BugBounty.jp, a bug bounty program that connects

businesses with white hat hackers. Recently he published a book called Dark Web, which is based on the cyber

underground market deeply related to cryptocurrencies (Published July 2016 by Bungeishunju).

Seigen Takano Advisor / Sprout Inc. CEO

Received his Master’s degree in Engineering (Computer Science) from Cornell University in 1993 and his PhD in

Policy and Media from Keio University for his research on digital currencies in 2006. He was specially appointed a

media research instructor at the same university, and became a Senior Researcher at the Shonan Fujisawa

Campus in 2014. In 2016, he became the CSO (Chief Science Officer) at BlockchainHub Inc. and the

Representative Director at Beyond Blockchain (non-profit) in 2017. He specializes in the Internet and society.

Kenji Saito Advisor / Keio Research Institute at SFC, Senior Researcher

17

Born in Akita Prefecture and graduated from the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies with a degree in French.

Hisashi previously worked at Japanese gaming giant DeNA, where he worked for a long time in business planning

before becoming the Assistant Director of the international division. In 2010, he moved to Silicon Valley and was

appointed as SVP of Marketing at DeNA Global and Director of Internet Marketing at ngmoco. He established

Poppin Games Japan in July 2012 and is the current CEO. He has 10+ years of experience in the tech industry

including EC, games, advertisement, investment, and blockchains.

Hisashi Tsujimura Advisor / Founder & CEO of Poppin Games Japan Co., Ltd.


Palmer Luckey Advisor / Oculus Founder

Palmer Luckey founded Oculus VR when he was 19 years old and designed the Oculus Rift, a virtual reality

headset, which started a global VR movement. Facebook went on to acquire Oculus VR in 2014. In March 2017,

Luckey left Oculus VR and its parent company, Facebook. He is currently active as an entrepreneur with a new

startup in technology to be used in the defense industry. Luckey is a fan of Japanese VR, as well as Japanese

anime. In 2017, he participated in an anime event titled “Machi Asobi” in Tokushima, Japan cosplaying as a video

game character, which was a topic covered on various media.

*In addition to the advisors and partners above, we also receive advice from So Saito, a lawyer knowledgeable in blockchains, finance, and IT.

Ryota Fujitsu Advisor / Anime Critic

Born in 1968. Ryota Fujitsu has been working as a freelance writer since 2000, after working as a journalist for

local newspapers and an editor for weekly magazines. He currently runs serial articles on Anime!Anime! and

Nizista. He also writes for magazines, web articles, DVD booklets and more. He also gives “Anime wo Yomu”

(“Read” anime) lectures in Asahi Culture Center Shinjuku every third Saturday.

18

5

C o n c l u s i o n

5 . Conc l u s i o n

Thank you for showing interest in our concept.

We would truly appreciate your assistance in our quest to make the world a better place. Even just mentioning our concept and activities to your friends and acquaintances would be a great help.

Also, we send the latest information about Otaku Coin through our email newsletter, Facebook group, and other groups, so please feel free to subscribe to learn more.

Official site (go here to subscribe to our newsletter): https://otaku-coin.com/en/Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/otakucoin/Blog: https://medium.com/@otakucoin

We welcome all feedback and are always excited to hear from you.

Otaku Coin Preparation Committee

*About this concept paper

This concept paper is still in the conceptual stage and is not a guarantee of the concept’s realization. As we progress, we may

encounter various problems that we could not predict beforehand, such as issues that we had not imagined, changes in the views of

each country and views on cryptocurrencies as well as changes in laws and guidelines. Please understand that at this point in time,

we are only examining the possibility of making this concept a reality.

Also, this concept paper is not any kind of prospectus or tender offer. It is not intended to recruit or solicit the investment in

securities in any region.

The content of this concept paper was collected while consulting with an advising lawyer, accountant, and other experts while

referring to relevant authorities to confirm whether or not there would be any problems in Japan. We are planning to confirm with

overseas authorities while moving forward at a later date.

20

ConceptPaperEN DL 18050803 Token), a cryptocurrency intended to be widely circulated throughout the...

Documents

Transcript of ConceptPaperEN DL 18050803 Token), a cryptocurrency intended to be widely circulated throughout the...