Sarajena, Carlagane C. BSED-Bio.Sci. -3B

Bio. Sci. 62

Environmental Crisis and Its Management

Anthropogenic

Impact

Garbage Problem POLLUTION Government Strategies in Resource Management

Philippine

Environmental Laws

Kaingin Farming- also known as swidden farming, shifting cultivation, slash and burn cultivation.

Overuse of Common

Property Resources-

also known as Tragedy

of the Common.

-

Convenient Modern

Lifestyle and the

“Throwaway Society”

Overpopulation

Solid Waste Management -Open Dumps -Ocean Dumping -Landfills -Incineration -Recycling

-

Air Pollution -Smog

-Major Air Pollutants -Greenhouse gases

-Acid Rain

-

Hazardous and Toxic Wastes Hazardous Waste

-Ignitable material -corrosive material -reactive material Toxic material

-

Terrestrial Pollution -Fertilizers

-Pesticides -Salinization and Desertification

-Acid Rain

-

Freshwater Pollution

-

Marine Pollution -red tides -algal bloom -Situation or Heavy Sedimentation -Thermal Pollution -Toxic Heavy Metals -Oil Spills -Plastics -PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls)

Regulatory or “Command and Control” Approach

Economic Incentive

Approach

>Giving Incentives to reduce waste >Economic Incentives Instruments *Charges or Fines *Green Taxes *Deposit-Refund Schemes *Information Programs *Tradable Emission

Permits *Subsidies

Property Rights Approach

>Marine Pollution Decree of 1976(P.D. 979) >Philippine Environment Code of 1977 (P.D 1152)

>Philippine Environmental Policy of 1977 (P.D 1151) >Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990 (R.A. 6969) >National Water and Air

Pollution Control Commission of 1992 (R.A. 3931) >National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992 (R.A 7586) >Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (R.A. 8749)

>Philippine Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (R.A. 9003)