Computer and Internet Basics

Tariq Ahmad LoneTariq Ahmad Lone

BISMILLAH


Computer?Computer?

Any general-purpose machine that processes data Any general-purpose machine that processes data according to a set of instructions that is stored according to a set of instructions that is stored

internally either temporarily or permanently.internally either temporarily or permanently.

Any device capable of processing information to Any device capable of processing information to produce a desired result. No matter how large or produce a desired result. No matter how large or small they are. Computers typically perform their small they are. Computers typically perform their work in three well-defined steps: (i) accepting input, work in three well-defined steps: (i) accepting input, (ii) processing the input according to predefined (ii) processing the input according to predefined rules (programs), and (iii) producing outputrules (programs), and (iii) producing output


Computer- TypesComputer- Types• MicroComputers:DesktopPortable: Laptop Handheld(palm,pda)• MiniComputers• MainframeComputers• SuperComputers


Computer- ApplicationsComputer- Applications• In offices and homes for preparing documents and perform other data processing

jobs• To prepare salary slips and salary cheques in offices, factories• To maintain accounts and transfer funds in Banks• To store and retrieve large amount of information in offices• To send and receive E-mail/ Voice mail• To search and retrieve information from other computers• To reserve tickets in railways, airlines etc• To regulate traffic lights on roads and to control machines and robots in factories• To design automobiles, buildings, dams and to forecast weather• To create animations/ Cartoon movies and compose music• To control aero planes, trains, automobiles etc• To control electronic appliances such as air conditioners, TVs etc• To do online banking, buy and sell merchandise, shares etc• To control and simulate defense equipment• For scientific and industrial research• In post offices and hospitals• In playing games, music (Audio/Video) etc• Last but not least in Education (Online tutorials, Virtual classrooms etc)


Computer- Components/Devices Computer- Components/Devices • Central Processing Unit • Primary/Main Memory • Input Devices

Keyboard Mouse Scanner

• Output Devices Monitor (CRT,TFT)Printers Projectors

• Storage Devices Floppy Pen Drive/Flash DriveHard Disk CDs/DVDs

• Communication Devices Modem Hub/Switch Bridge Router


Computer- SoftwareComputer- Software• Software - Set of programs

• Program - Set of Instructions

• Instruction – A Command


Software- TypesSoftware- Types

• System Software (Operating System e.g. Windows, Unix/Linux etc)

• Application Software (MSOffice including MSWord,MSExcel,MSPowerpoint etc)

• Utilities (Norton Utilities including Media Player, Pdf reader etc)


The InternetThe Internet

• World’s largest computer network made up of thousands of networks worldwide

• Network of Networks

• Network of LANs, MANs and WANs


Basic Internet TermsBasic Internet Terms• Web Page (electronic file or document)• Website (set of related web pages e.g.

kashmiruniversity.net)• Home page/Index page (Doorway to website)• Browser (Program that accesses web pages e.g.

Internet Explorer, Firefox, Crazy Browser)• URL (Unique address of a web page)• Hypertext (Text that connects to other documents)• ISP (Organization that provides Internet services)• Web Server (Computer with server software)• Download/Upload (Receiving on and sending to)• Online/Offline (Connected/disconnected to/from Internt

or some device like Printer)


Connecting to InternetConnecting to InternetThe Basic requirements for getting Online are:

• A TCP/IP enabled computer with a Browser• An account with an ISP• A telephone line plugged to a suitable socket• A Modem to connect the computer to the line

Types of Internet Connections:• Dial-up• ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)• Cable Modem (Cable TV+ Internet)• Leased Line (Dedicated)• DSL (Digital Subscribe Line, Phone+Net)• Broadband


Internet ApplicationsInternet Applications• WWW• E-mail• FTP• Telnet (Remote Login)• IRC/Chatting/Instant Messaging• Internet Telephony• Video conferencing• E-commerce• Mailing Lists/Newsgroups


Some Important WebsitesSome Important Websites• Research- researchpapers.net,ssrn.com,ebscohost.com,isro.in

• News- nytimes.com,hinduonline.com,dawn.com,greaterkashmir.com,bbcurdu.com,newsonair.com,urduvoa.com,aljazeera.net, presstv.ir, ndtv.com

• Reservation- indianrail.gov.in,yatra.com,ezeego1.com

• Online Tax Returns- incometaxindia.gov.in,tin.nsdl.com

• Education- cbse.nic.in,ugc.ac.in,indiaresults.com,kashmiruniversity.net,dec.ac.in,ignou.ac.in

• Search- google.com,ask.com,guruji.com,yahoo.com,khoj.com,altavista.com,lycos.com,hotbot.com,infoseek.com

• J&K- jkgad.nic.in,jkpsc.net,jkbankonline.net,jksu.nic.in,jammuandkashmir.com, jkhighcourt.nic.in

• Religion- irf.net,islamicvoice.com,nazmay.com,haroonyehya.com,lightuponlight.com, hindunet.org, sikhnet.com, realsikhism.com

• Mail- gmail.com,yahoo.com,rediff.com,indiatimes.com


AL-HAMDULILLAH

Computer and Internet Basics

Internet

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