Issues in Cross-CUltural COmmunication HOfstede's CUltural DImensions THeory
Communication & cultural issues
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Communication & Cultural Issues
Communicative competence and culture awareness impact on the studying of cadet and
their future seafaring career.
By: Bikondo, Elsie Nyabonyi | Pham, Trong Hieu
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Content
• Reciprocal relationship of Communication and Cultural• Communication factors
– Implication as cadet & future career.• Culture Awareness
– Issues regarding culture– How culture knowledge affects studying and future
career• Conclusion
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Culture & Communication
Effective communication
Context/ attitude
Cultural /Ethniccommunication skills
• Oral/ pronunciation
• Listening/ grammar
• Technical vocabulary
• …
• Daily conversation
• Pressure situation
• Fatigue, stress…
• Morality…
• Rules, ritual, routines
• Organizational culture
• perception
• …
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Communicative competence
Globalization, multicultural crews, Shore-to-shore and
ship-to-ship communication issues
English – common language adopted by IMO
SMNV & SMCP
STCW 78/95/2010 requirement
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Communicative training
Teacher based issues
Technical background / proficiency in English, (inc. ESP)
How to conduct their teaching
Curriculum based issues
Distribution of subject matter.
Refreshing courses
Environment based issues
Daily activities vs. stressful situation
Stimulating the emergency / the feeling of involvement
Learning methodology of student.
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Implication for future career
Miscommunication
Life lost Environmental impact
Economical lost
Solitude Isolation Express your problems, talk with otherNegotiate better solution
teamwork
Leadership Able to ask for more knowledge
Lifelong learningSpeedup professional careerJob opportunities
Multi culture openness
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Cultural issues
– Characteristic of world merchant fleet
– STCW78/95/2010 requirement
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What is culture
Montgomery & Reid-Thomas (1994;5) – Define “culture as the whole
way of life of a people or group. In the context of culture all the social
practices bond a group of people together and distinguish them from
others..”
Frow & Morris, (2000:316) defines culture as “the network of embedded
practices and representations; for example ‘texts, images, talk, codes
of behavior and narrative structures organizing these.”
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Cultural issues in MET institution
Multi-culture/ multi-religious students
Mixture from difference ethnic group/ region / nationality
Cultural superiority
Culture barriers : prejudices | stereotyping | Bigotry | Discrimination
Miscommunication | misunderstanding
Conflicts | Disrespect
Nepotism | Racism…
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The cadet and cultural awareness
UnderstandingMotivate
To learn others language/culture
The interpersonal relationships
Equal opportunity
General cultural context
Effects of culture on seamanship & safety
Other cultural values, beliefs, perception
DevelopPromote
Positive attitude
Effective communication
Appropriate behavior
Collaboration
Leadership
Intercultural openness
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Teaching of Culture awareness
TEACHING CULTURAL AWARENESS IN MET INSTITUTIONS
Culture is a sensitive issue
People give strong, opinions and arguments
Education improves and monitors cultural issues
Requires qualified MET instructors
Simulation based training (role play, interaction)
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Culture awareness onboard ship
Power distance - defined crew roles/respect for superiors
Cultural values - time and individual space
Subordinate attitude - Filipino/Bangladesh
Collectivism - teamwork - believe in group decision making;
Individualism - taking individual decisions –USA/Italy
Strong rule orientation (focus on rules/procedures)
Masculine values (male dominance)
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Culture awareness & future career
Important for professional development
Helps in integrating into multi-cultural crew environment
Gain understanding and appropriate response to difference culture
Helps to be assertive when communicating/ diplomatic leadership
Helps female cadets to develop various strategies to deal with the
male dominated multicultural crew environment (e.g. sex-joke…)
Alters your behavior in dressing in respect to other peoples’ culture
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CONCLUSION
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Q & A
THANKS YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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ReferenceCole, C., & Trenkner, P. (2009). The yardstick for Maritime English STCW assessment purposes. IAMU Journal, 6(1), 13-28.
Cole, C., Pritchard, B., & Trenkner, P. (2007). Maritime English instruction - ensuring instructors' competence. 123-146.
Horck, J. (2011, February). Bridge the divide in shipping. Telegraph, Nautilusint.org, Seafarer Training, p. 22.
Kluijven, P. V. (2011, August). Finding the right word. Telegraph, Nautilusint.org, Shipping Dictionary, p. 31.
Logie, C. (2011, February). Breaking down the barriers of culture. Telegraph, Nautilusint.org, Seafarer Training, p. 22.
Perez, J. M. (n.d.). IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases and teaching their use in VTS context. Retrieved from
http://home.planet.nl/~kluij016/JMDiaz.htm
The recent adoption of the IMO standard marine communication phrases (SMCP) as IMO resolution A.918 (22) marks the
end of a stage that started as far back as 1973, the year that IMCO - as it was then called - decided, through the Maritime
Safety Committee at its 27 session, that the common language to be used in the maritime context should be English and that
it was necessary to establish the level of knowledge of this language and the vocabulary required to be able to navigate
safely.
Takagi, N. (2011, March). Accent is on safe speech. Telegraph, Nautilusint.org, Marine Communications, p. 26.
Vangehuchten, L., Parys, W. V., & Noble, A. (n.d.). Intercultural competence and effective communication at sea: An invitation to
celebrate diversity on board [PDF].
Vangehuchten, L., Parys, W. V., & Noble, A. (n.d.). Linguistic and intercultural communication for maritime purpose: A survey
based study [PDF].