Column Column is a vertical support which is free from all sides taking the load of beam slab and transfers the load to the earth independently. Column is constructed with the help of steel bars and cement concrete. In case of multi storey and frame structure building constructions, the entire load is born by columns and the floor area, internal space of building is freely adjusted according to the requirement. The size, cement concrete ratio and numbers of steel bars with their diameter are available in structural drawings which are designed according to the load born by the column and factor of safety.

Process for Construction of Columns1) After the construction of footing and pedestal the construction of column is started.2) Tie up all rings around and into vertical steel bars according to design.

3) Fix form work of required size with vertical steel bars

4) Lay cement concrete in form work according to design.5) Take proper curing of RCC column

Case studies 1Blok B6, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

Column

Column

Column

Concrete Slab Aconcrete slabis common structural element of modern buildings. Mostly used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner slabs are also used for exterior paving. In many domestic and industrial buildings a thickconcreteslab, supported onfoundationsor directly on thesubsoil, is used to construct the ground floor of a building. These can either be "ground-bearing" or "suspended" slabs. In high rise buildings andskyscrapers, thinner, pre-cast concreteslabs are slung between thesteelframes to form the floors and ceilings on each level.

Process for Construction of Concrete Slab1. A concrete slab may beprefabricatedorin situ. In situ concrete slabs are built on the building site usingformwork.

2. The slab is to be reinforced, therebarsare positioned within the formwork before the concrete is poured in. Plastic tipped metal, or plastic bar chairs are used to hold the rebar away from the bottom and sides of the form-work, so that when the concrete sets it completely envelops the reinforcement.

3. For aground slab, the form-work may consist only of sidewalls pushed into the ground. For asuspended slab, the form-work is shaped like a tray, often supported by a temporary scaffold until the concrete sets.

Case studies 1Blok B6, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

Slab