Coloring the Periodic Table Families
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Transcript of Coloring the Periodic Table Families
Families on the Periodic TableElements on the periodic table can be
grouped into families bases on their chemical properties.
Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.
Elements in each family react differently with other elements.
Atomic NumberThis refers to
how many protons an atom of that element has.
No two elements, have the same number of protons.Bohr Model of Hydrogen Atom
Wave Model
Atomic MassAtomic Mass
refers to the “weight” of the atom.
It is derived at by adding the number of protons with the number of neutrons.
HThis is a helium atom. Its atomic mass is 4 (protons plus neutrons).
What is its atomic number?
SymbolsAll elements have
their own unique symbol.
It can consist of a single capital letter, or a capital letter and one or two lower case letters.
C Carbon
CuCopper
HydrogenThe hydrogen square sits atop
Family AI, but it is not a member of that family. Hydrogen is in a class of its own.
It’s a gas at room temperature.It has one proton and one electron
in its one and only energy level.Hydrogen only needs 2 electrons to
fill up its valence shell.
ALKALI METALSGroup 1Hydrogen is not a member,
it is a non-metal1 electron in the outer shellSoft and silvery metalsVery reactive, esp. with
waterConduct electricity
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ALKALINE EARTH METALSGroup 22 electrons in the
outer shellWhite and
malleableReactive, but less
than Alkali metalsConduct
electricity
TRANSITION METALSGroups in the
middle
Good conductors of heat and electricity.
Some are used for jewelry.
The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell.
Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.
BORON FAMILY Group 33 electrons in
the outer shellMost are metalsBoron is a
metalloid
CARBON FAMILY Group 44 electrons in
the outer shellContains
metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C)
NITROGEN FAMILY Group 55 electrons in
the outer shellCan share
electrons to form compounds
Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals
OXYGEN FAMILY Group 66 electrons in
the outer shellContains
metals, metalloids, and non-metals
Reactive
HalogensGroup 77 electrons in
the outer shellAll are non-
metalsVery reactive
are often bonded with elements from Group 1
Noble Gases Group 8Exist as gasesNon-metals8 electrons in the
outer shell = FullHelium (He) has
only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full
Not reactive with other elements
Rare Earth MetalsSome are
RadioactiveThe rare
earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.
Conduct electricity