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COLD WAR Mr. Duggan/ world history

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLD WAR After WW2 Soviet Union and United States emerge as superpowers Suspicious over each others government and positions among the world, a rivalry develops Communism vs. Democracy

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EVENTS THAT LEAD TO CONFLICT Rivalry in Europe (east and west) Truman doctrine (USA give money to countries to prevent communism) Marshall Plan (USA plan to rebuild democratic western Europe Division Of Germany (occupied zones)

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SPREAD OF THE COLD WAR Arms race- build bigger, stronger and faster weapons NATO Alliance- Democratic friendships between countries Warsaw Pact- communist alliance of nations

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BERLIN WALL U.S.S.R. leader Nikita Khrushchev built a wall to stop East Germans from escaping to West Berlin to escape communism It became the symbol of division between the two superpowers

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THE KOREAN WAR In August 1945, the Soviet Union and the United States agreed to divide Korea into two zones at the 38th parallel. The plan was to hold elections after World War II to reunify Korea. As American-Soviet relations grew worse, however, two separate governments emerged in KoreaCommunist in the north and anti-Communist in the south.

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THE KOREAN WAR Communist North Korean troops invaded South Korea on June 25, 1950. President Harry S. Truman of the United States, seeing this as yet another example of Communist aggression and expansion, gained the approval of the United Nations (UN) and sent U.S. troops to repel the invaders. the Chinese sent hundreds of thousands of troops into North Korea and pushed UN forces back across the 38th parallel.

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THE KOREAN WAR Three more years of fighting led to no final victory. An armistice was finally signed in 1953. The 38th parallel remained, and remains today, the boundary line between North Korea and South Korea.

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CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS In 1959 Fidel Castro overthrew the Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista and set up a soviet supported totalitarian regime in Cuba Bay of Pigs- President Kennedy approved a secret plan for Cuban exiles to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro, but it failed Then in 1962 U.S.S.R. Khrushchev placed nuclear missiles in Cuba, directed towards the U.S.

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CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS President Kennedy ordered a blockade of Cuba to stop the U.S.S.R. from bring in more weapons This stand off almost lead to WW3

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VIETNAM WAR AND THE DOMINO THEORY Domino theory- spread of Communism throughout the world From 1964 to 1973, America fought in Vietnam to stop Communist North Vietnam from taking over Democratic South Vietnam We failed and by 1974 North Vietnam defeated South Vietnam and united the country under Communist America was embarrassed and lost respect throughout the world

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Revolts against communism Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia all tried to set up and break away from Soviet control to run their own country The Soviet power over the regime remain strong

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SOVIET UNION AFTER WW2 Reign of Stalin After WW2 U.S.S.Rs Communist ruler Stalin increased heavy industry for products, increased military power, created first satellite called Sputnik Stalin remained the leader until 1953 when he died Under Stalin the average Russia family lived in one room apartments, they were poor

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Khrushchev Era He took over after Stalin and started to change Stalin policies called De- Stalinization He failed trying to increase the countries farming and consumer products industry and the failure of the Cuban Missile Crisis forced him into retirement in 1964

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EASTERN EUROPE AFTER WW2 Communist patterns of control East Germany, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary all become Communist Countries following the Soviet Unions example

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WINNING THE COLD WAR President Reagan in the 1980s took a strong stand against communism & the Soviet Union communist nations (including the USSR) were beginning to face economic failure By the late 1980s, communism was failing across Eastern Europe

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WINNING THE COLD WAR In 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev took charge of the USSR Reagan was able to work with Gorbachev to reduce Cold War tensions

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COLD WAR ENDS In 1990, states within the Soviet Union broke off & formed new democratic nations; In 1991, the USSR dissolved & the Cold War ended