Clause (Part-9 of 10)-Adverb Clause

Md. Abdul Kader Lecturer

Department of EnglishCambrian College

Mobile: +8801715447430Email :

[email protected]

Welcome to all of you.

English GrammarClass-IX-XII

04/11/2023 2

Lesson: Adverb clause

04/11/2023Adverb clause 3

Learning Outcome

• define an adverb clause.• mention the characteristics of

an adverb clause.• define an elliptical adverb

clause.• mention kinds of an adverb

clause.• say different position of an

adverb clause. • identify some adverb clauses.

By the end of

the lesson

you will be able

to …


WHATIS A N

ADVERB

CLAUSE ???


Definition of Adverb clauses

An adverb clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, but it may modify an adjective, an adverb, a verbal (gerund, participial, and infinitive phrases) or even the rest of the sentence in which it appears.


Examples of Adverb clauses The Yukon entered Canada’s confederation

after a gold rush brought 100,000 people to the territory.

Here the subordinate clause “after a gold rush brought 100,000 people to the territory” is modifying or describing the verb entered.

“Because the rain fell for three days, every street in town was flooded,

” Because the rain fell for three days” is adverb clause and it modifies the rest of the sentence.


More Examples

Modified Words Examples

Adjective: The miner’s children were nervous whenever he entered a tunnel.

Adverb: Today’s dig lasted longer than the one yesterday.

Participle: The miners, cheering whenever someone made a strike, were excited.

Gerund: Digging wherever miners thought there was gold has left the Yukon full of old miners.

Infinitive: The tired miners wanted to relax after the workday ended.


WHATARE THE

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ADVERB

CLAUSE ???


Characteristics of Adverb Clause

1. Usually Adverb clauses answer such questions as where, why, when, how, to what extent, in what manner, and under what conditions .

2. An adverbial clause begins with a subordinating conjunction.

to see Subordinating conjunctions


WHATIS A N

ELLIPTICAL ADVERB

CLAUSE ???


Elliptical Adverb Clauses

In an elliptical adverb clause, especially those beginning with as or than, the verb or both the subject and the verb are not stated but are understood.Verb understood: I am taller than he (is).Subject and verb understood: The Yukon has as many rural inhabitants as (it has) urban inhabitants.


WHICH WH-WORD WILL I USE WHERE

IN AN ADVERB

CLAUSE ???


Example of adverbial clause answering when?

When will the flowers bloom? Answer: when spring arrives


Example of adverbial clause answering why?

Why didn't the poor woman have money? Answer: because she had lost her job


Example of adverbial clause answering where?

Where is there fire? Answer: where there is smoke


Example of adverbial clause answering how?

How did he answer the question? Answer: as if he knew the subject quite well


Example of adverbial clause answering to what degree?

To what degree of lateness will Jones arrive? Answer: (later) than Smith (will arrive)


Another example of an adverbial clause answering to what degree?

To what degree is he young? Answer: (younger) than his brother (is)


IS THERE

ANY

PUNCTUATIO

N RULES

WITH AN

ADVERB

CLAUSE???


Punctuation with adverbial clause

Use of comma (,) with adverbial clauses depends upon the placement of the adverbial clause.If the adverbial clause introduces the sentence, place a comma between it and the main clause.


Punctuation with adverbial clause

If the adverbial clause follows the main clause in a sentence, do not place a comma between the two.


WHATARE THE

TYPES OF AN ADVERB

CLAUSE ???


TYPES OF ADVERB CLAUSE

A subordinate adverb clause can be divided into following categories-----1. Adverbial Clause of time2. Adverbial Clause of place 3. Adverbial Clause of reason/ cause4. Adverbial Clause of manner5. Adverbial Clause of condition6. Adverbial Clause of degree/

comparison7. Adverbial Clause of

result/consequence/effect8. Adverbial Clause of purpose9. Adverbial Clause of

concession/contrast


Adverbial Clause of Time

It indicates the time of the action of principal clause.

Adverb Clause of "Time“ start with: “after, before, since, when, while, whenever, as, as soon as, once, till, until, as/so long as, by the time, now that, while, the sooner, hardly ------ when, no sooner ----- than, scarcely ------- when”.


Adverbial Clause of Time

Example:

After Hamlet's uncle Claudius married Hamlet's mother, Hamlet wanted to kill him.

I met Ahsan when I was at School.

I met him whenever I went to town.

As soon as the teacher entered the class room, the student stood up.

While I was walking in the garden, a snake bit me.

Wait here till I come.


PAST TIME CLAUSE

Clauses that refer to past time are formed with the verb in the PAST tense:Examples:When I finished my lunch, we played golf.After we played golf, we went to a party.As soon as we arrived at the party, they put the steaks on.


FUTURE TIME CLAUSE

Clauses that refer to future time are formed with the verb in the PRESSENT tense because Future tense is not used in Time Clause:Examples:▪ As soon as we arrive at the party, they will put the steaks on.▪ Before we eat our steaks, we will sit around and talk.▪ Until the party ends, there will be plenty of good wine.I will return your book on Monday when I have read it.Mr. Akram will telephone you as soon as he returns.


Adverbial Clause of Place

It indicates the place of the action of principal clause. It start with ----- Where (definite place), wherever (indefinite place), whence.Examples: You can go wherever you like.I shall go where he lives.Go quickly whence you come.Do you want to go to whence I came?


Adverbial Clause of cause/ reason

It expresses the reason of having performed an action or not performed an action. Generally, an adverb Clause of "Cause /reason“ start with-- “because, since, as, for, ”Example: You shouldn’t go out because it is raining now. He was absent as he was ill. You failed for you were not sincere. Since he is strong, he can carry the load. Seeing that (Since, as) the hall is already full, the meeting

may begin now.


Adverbial Clause of Manner

• It indicates how the action of the principal verb is performed.

• Adverb Clause of “Manner“ starts with: “as if, as though, as, like, how, however”.

• Most of cases it sits after the principal clause. Examples: He speaks English as if he were a native speaker. Do as you like.You can not work like your father does.Tell us how you escaped.You can travel however you like.Save as you want to invest.She can dance as her sister does.


Adverbial Clause of Condition

Adverb Clause of "Condition“ start with: “if, unless, only if, in case (that), whether ,provided (that)” on condition that. Note: Supposing that = if, Provided that = if

Examples: If the British co-operate, the Europeans may achieve monetary union. You will fail unless you study.I do not want to know whether you are a Muslim or not.I will order some rice in case we fall short of it.He helped me on condition that I would help him later when necessary.He will be appointed provided (that) he is an M.A.Supposing that I go there, what will happen then?


Adverbial Clause of Comparison/degree

• It indicates comparison between two clause.• Adverb Clause of “Comparison" starts with:

“than, as ---as, the same --- as, such---as. So---as”.• In this clause the verb remains absent. But it can

be guessed.• In negative sentence conjunction “So” is used in

stead of “as”.Example: She is taller than her sister (is).That book is as interesting as this.The is the same book as that.We want such a boy as will be active.They did not play so well as we expected.He is not so intelligent as you (are).


Adverbial Clause of effect/result/consequences

• It expresses the result of an action.• It starts with – that.• It modifies the adverb (So, Such) of principal

clause.Examples:What is the matter that you shout so loudly?He is so weak that he can not carry the load.He did the work such that the manager rebuked him.The tea is so hot that I cannot drink it.Note: In negative sentence ‘as’ is used in stead of ‘that’.He is not so weak as I thought.He is not so intelligent as you (are).


Adverbial Clause of Purpose

• It indicates the purpose of the action of the principal clause.

• It start with– that, so that, in order that, lest

Examples:We eat that/ so that/ in order that we may live.He works hard so that he can shine in life.Run fast that you may get the prize.Come closer in order that you may hear me.Walk fast lest you should miss the train.


Adverbial Clause of Concession/contrast

• It expresses the opposite thought of principal clause.

• Adverb Clause of “concession“ start with: “although, even if, even, though, ”.

Examples: They went on a field trip although it was raining.Though he is poor , he is honest.Even if you pay the money now, you will not given the goods.Even if you beg excuse now he will not be kind.


Group Work

In the passage below, underline the underline the five adverb clauses.


Passage

I went back to the Devon School not long ago, and found it looking oddly newer than when I was a student there fifteen years before. It seemed more sedate than I remembered it, more perpendicular and straight-laced, with narrower windows and shinier woodwork, as though a coat of varnish had been put over everything for better preservation. But, of course, fifteen years before there had been a war going on. . . .I didn’t entirely like this glossy new surface, because it made the school look like a museum, and that’s exactly what it was to me, and what I did not want it to be. In the deep, tacit way in which feeling becomes stronger than thought, I had always felt that the Devon School came into existence the day I entered it, was vibrantly real while I was a student there, and then blinked out like a candle the day I left.—from A Separate Peace, by John Knowles


Check you Answer

1. ………oddly newer than when I was a student there fifteen years before

2. ………. more sedate than I remembered it3. ……….shinier woodwork, as though a coat

of varnish had been put over everything for better preservation

4. ………new surface, because it made the school look like a museum

5. ……vibrantly real while I was a student there,


Pair work

Each of the proverbial sayings of the next slide contains an adverb clause. Identify the adverb clause in each sentence.


Practice-1

1. While the cat's away, the mice will play.2. A lie travels around the world while truth is putting her boots on.3. If you don't know where you are going, any road will get you

there.4. Memory is deceptive because it is colored by today's events.5. Never look down on anybody unless you're helping him up.6. You have to kiss a lot of toads before you find a handsome

prince.7. Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority, it is time

to pause and reflect.8. Life is what happens when you are making other plans.9. As soon as you forbid something, you make it extraordinarily

appealing.10. Everything is funny, as long as it's happening to somebody else.


Answer of Practice-1

1. While the cat's away, 2. While truth is putting her boots on.3. If you don't know where you are going,4. Because it is colored by today's events.5. Unless you're helping him up.6. Before you find a handsome prince.7. Whenever you find yourself on the side of the

majority, 8. When you are making other plans.9. As soon as you forbid something, 10.As long as it's happening to somebody else.


Evaluation

1. Define an adverb clause.2. Define an elliptical adverb clause.3. Mention any three types of an

adverb clause.4. Say the punctuation rules with an

adverb clause.


Home work

Fill in the chart that has been given to you, determining how to tell the difference between an adjective and an adverb clause.


Chart ADJECTIVE

CLAUSEADVERB CLAUSE

What type of word does it modify?

What is it introduced by?

What question does this clause answer?

Where can the clause appear in the sentence?


Departure


after In as much as thanalthough in case (that) thatas in order (that) thoughas far as insofar as tillas soon as in that unlessas if lest untilas though no matter how whenbecause now that wheneverbefore once whereeven if provided (that) wherevereven though since whetherhow so that whileif supposing (that) why

Subordinating conjunction

Clause (Part-9 of 10)-Adverb Clause

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Transcript of Clause (Part-9 of 10)-Adverb Clause