Adverb Clause Reduction with Practice

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Adverb Clauses

A Quick Review of Reductionto Phrases with Practice


Reducing Adverb ClausesClauses of:

TIMEREASON

OPPOSITION


To Reduce…Subjects of both clauses MUST

be the sameVerb in the ADV CLAUSE can

change to participleSubordinator often optional


BEFORE CLAUSEBefore she moved to CA, Freda lived in Alaska.

Before she moved to CA, Freda lived in Alaska.

Before she moved to CA, Freda lived in Alaska.

moving

her move


YOU TRY

Before I ate the last cookie, I made some tea.


YOU TRY



eating


AFTER CLAUSEAfter she had owned it for 4 years, she sold the blue car.

After she had owned it for 4 years, she sold the blue car.

After she had owned it for 4 years, she sold the blue car.

owning


YOU TRYAfter Sam stood in line for 20 minutes, he got disgusted and left.


YOU TRYAfter Sam stood in line for 20 minutes, he got disgusted and left.

After Sam stood in line for 20 minutes, he got disgusted and left.

After Sam stood in line for 20 minutes, he got disgusted and left.

standing

Sam

Sam


SINCE CLAUSE

The students have been taking a test since they arrived in class.

The students have been taking a test since they arrived in class.arriving


YOU TRY

Since I have bought a new car, I must work harder to pay for it!


YOU TRY



buying


WHILE CLAUSE

While it was printing my paper, the printer blew up.

While it was printing my paper, the printer blew up.

printing


YOU TRY

While Cindy drove to work, she ate a breakfast burrito.


YOU TRY



driving Cindy


AS CLAUSE

1. Cindy ate a breakfast burrito as she was driving to work,

2. Cindy ate a breakfast burrito as she was driving to work.


AS CLAUSE

3. As she was driving to work,

Cindy ate a breakfast burrito.

4. Driving to work, Cindy ate a breakfast burrito.


You Try

Fred buttoned his shirt as he answered the phone.


You Try

Fred buttoned his shirt as he

answered the phone.


You Try

As he answered the phone, Fred buttoned his shirt.

Answering the phone, Fred buttoned his shirt.


AS SOON AS CLAUSEAs soon as they finished the test, the students rushed out of the class.

As soon as they finished the test, the students rushed out of the class.

As soon as they finished the test, the students rushed out of the class.

Upon finishing

On finishing


YOU TRY

As soon as I grade these papers, I will watch American Idol.


YOU TRY



Upon grading


REASON CLAUSE ADV REDUCTIONSubordinator and Subject deleted

Verb changed to ING form


BECAUSE / SINCE / AS REG VERB CLAUSE

Because she studies so much, she expects good grades.


Studying so much


You Try

Because Harry loves French fries, he eats at MacDonald’s every day.


You Try



Loving



Since she studies so much, she expects good grades.


Studying so much


You Try

Since she reads a lot, Suzy has a big vocabulary.


You Try



Reading



As she studies so much, she expects good grades.

As she studies so much, she expects good grades.

Studying so much,


You Try

As he walks to work in the morning, Sam is very healthy.


You Try



Walking


BECAUSE / SINCE / AS BE VERB CLAUSE

Because she was unhappy, she expected bad grades.


Being unhappy,


You Try

Since he is a doctor, Jeff works long hours.


You Try



Being


BECAUSE / SINCE / AS NEGATIVE VERB CLAUSE

Because she didn’t want to study, she expected bad grades.

Because she didn’t want to study, she expected bad grades.

Not wanting to study,


You Try

Because he doesn’t like the teacher, Todd will drop the class.


You Try



Not liking


BECAUSE OF VERB CLAUSE



Because of her unhappiness,


You Try

Because he is angry, Todd will drop the class.


You Try



of his anger,


OPPOSITION CLAUSE REDUCTIONSome Subordinators and Subject Deleted

Although/Even Though/ Though NOT Deleted


ALTHOUGH / THOUGH / WHILE CLAUSE REDUCTION

Although she was unhappy, Claudia stayed in the class.

Although she was unhappy, Claudia stayed in the class.

unhappy,


You Try

Although Stan needs new shoes, he doesn’t have money to buy them.


You Try



needingStan


(Time) Having + Past Part

After she burned the lasagna, they decided to order out.After burning the lasagna, they decided to order out.Having burnt the lasagna, they decided to order out.


(Reason) Having + Past Part

Because she lost her keys, she couldn’t go to work.

After losing her keys, she couldn’t go to work.Having lost her keys, she couldn’t go to work.


You Try

After he lost the game, he decided to quit baseball.


You Try

After he lost the game, he decided to quit baseball.

Having lost the game, he decided to quit baseball.


You Try

Because the people disliked the president, they voted him out of office.


You Try

Because the people disliked the president, they voted him out of office.

Having disliked the president, they voted him out of office.


Reducing The PASSIVE (Time)

Before it was burned, the lasagna looked really good.

Before it was burned, the lasagna looked really good.

being


Reducing The PASSIVE (Reason)

Because the keys were lost, they couldn’t start the car.

Having been lost, they couldn’t start the car.

the keys


ADV CLAUSE Special Problems: Fragments

DC punctuated as IC I lost 5 pounds. Because I quit eating ice cream for breakfast.

When I went to school. I forgot my books.


ADV CLAUSE Special Problems: Fragments

DC punctuated as IC I lost 5 pounds. Because I quit eating ice cream for breakfast.

When I went to school. I forgot my books.

pounds because

school, I


ADV CLAUSE Special Problems:

Punctuation ErrorsDC missing comma IC

Because I quit eating ice cream for breakfast I lost 5 pounds.

IC no comma DC I lost 5 pounds , because I quit eating ice cream for breakfast.



Punctuation ErrorsDC missing comma IC

Because I quit eating ice cream for breakfast I lost 5 pounds.

IC no comma DC I lost 5 pounds , because I quit eating ice cream for breakfast.

,


ADV CLAUSE Special Problems: Dangling Participles (MM)

While painting the house, the phone rang.

Houses can’t paint themselves.


ADV CLAUSE Special Problems: Dangling Participles (MM)

While painting the house, the phone rang.

While I painted the house, the phone rang.



Because OfBecause of he was angry, he punched the wall.

Prepositions don’t start clauses.



Because OfBecause of he was angry, he punched the wall. Because of his anger, he punched the wall.Because he was angry, he punched the wall.


ADV CLAUSE Special Problems: Double ConnectorsAlthough he wanted to lose weight, but he kept eating candy.

Two connectors is one too many!


ADV CLAUSE Special Problems: Double Connectors

Although he wanted to lose weight, but he kept eating candy.

Although he wanted to lose weight, he kept eating candy.

He wanted to lose weight, but he kept eating candy.


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Adverb Clause Reduction with Practice

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