Civil War

Or Something

Tariffs

• In 1860 average tariff rate was 18.84%

• North wanted 40%

• South paid 87% of tariff revenue

• Revenue spent in the North

Dred Scott Decision

• Dred Scott v Sandford 1857

• Slaves were not people

• Slaves were not protected under the Constitution

Secession

• New England States

• New York City

• Southern California

Secession

• Colonies seceded from Britain

• Colonies created the Union

• First constitution nullified

Fort Sumter

• Troops allowed to get supplies

• No warships allowed in harbor

• Lincoln breaks agreement

Constitutional Abuses

• Congress - Habeas Corpus

• Congress - declare war

• President cannot order military to suspend habeas corpus

• Military courts = illegal

Dictatorship

• Jailed 30000 war protestors with no trial or legal counsel

• All public dissent silenced

• Lincoln threatened to arrest Supreme Court Justice Taney

• Suppressed free elections

Lincoln’s War

• Waged war on civilians – violated The Constitution

• Executed 39 Sioux Indians in Minnesota

Black Codes

• Prohibited blacks from migrating into most Northern states:

• Kept them from entering into contracts

• Barred them from voting

• Marrying whites

• Testifying in court against whites

• Sending their children to public schools

Black Codes

• Excluded from all transportation

• Special "Jim Crow sections."

Black Codes

• Prohibited from

• Hotels

• Restaurants

• resorts

• except as servants

Black Codes

• Segregated in:

• Churches

• Prisons

• Cemeteries

Lincoln and Slavery

• Illinois amended its constitution to keep blacks out of the state

• Northern manumission laws - colonization

Lincoln and Slavery

• Lincoln voted against black voting rights

• Signed a petition to not let blacks appear in court

• Helped draft the Illinois Constitution

• Refused to acknowledge blacks citizenship

Lincoln and Slavery

• Proposed deporting all slaves to Texas or Florida

• Supported the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

• Lincoln met with black leaders to discuss colonization

Quotes

• My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union” - Lincoln

Quotes

• “I am not in favor of making voters or jurors of Negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to intermarry with white people” – Fourth Lincoln Douglas Debate Charleston, Illinois, Abraham Lincoln: His Speeches and Writings, Roy P. Bassler

Quotes

• “I cannot make it better known than it already is, that I strongly favor colonization” - Lincoln

Quotes

• “if all earthly power were given to me I would not know what to do” Lincoln on the issue of slavery

• "collect the duties and imposts, but beyond what may be necessary for these objects, there will be no invasion, no using of force” – Lincoln’s inauguration speech

Famous Quotes

• "Any people, anywhere, being inclined and having the power, have the right to rise up and shake off the existing government, and form a new one that suits them better. This is a most valuable, a most sacred right, a right which we hope and believe is to liberate the world." - Lincoln

Quotes

• “The whole nation is interested that the best use shall be made of these new territories. We want them for the homes of free white people” - Lincoln

Lincoln on Race

• On at least 14 occasions between 1854 and 1860 Lincoln said unambiguously that he believed the Negro race to be inferior to the White race. Mexicans he referred to as ‘mongrells’” – Forced Into Glory: Abraham Lincoln’s White Dream Lerone Bennett Jr 2000

Quotes

• “I have no purpose to introduce political and social equality between the white and black races. There is a physical difference between the two, which, in my judgment, will probably forever forbid their living together upon the footing of perfect equality; and inasmuch as it becomes a necessity that there must be a difference, I, as well as Judge Douglas, am in favor of the race to which I belong having superior position. I have never said anything to the contrary” – “Lincoln’s Reply to Douglas, Ottawa, Illinois, Aug 21, 1858”

Lincoln on Equality

• “Anything that argues me into his idea of perfect social and political equality with the Negro is but a specious and fantastic arrangement of words, by which a man can prove that a horse chestnut is a chestnut horse” – Lincoln’s Reply to Douglas Aug 21 1858

Quotes

• “before proceeding let me say I have no prejudice toward the southern people, they are just what we would be in their situation. If slavery did not now exist among them they would not introduce it. If it did now exist amongst us, we should not give it up. This I believe of the masses of the north and south.” - Lincoln August 21, 1858

Quotes

• “Free them and make them politically and socially our equals? My own feelings will not admit this… We cannot then make them equals” – Lincoln’s Reply to Douglas

Quotes

• “Negro equality will be abundant, as every White laborer will have occasion to regret when he is elbowed from his plow or anvil by slave niggers” – Lincoln – August 31, 1858

Famous Quotes

• "I love the Union and the Constitution, but I would rather leave the Union with the Constitution than remain in the Union without it." - Jefferson Davis

Quotes

• "We show our sympathy with slavery by emancipating slaves where we cannot reach them and holding them in bondage where we can set them free." Secretary of State William Seward

After the War

• Northern Army occupied the South

• Appointed representatives

• Suppressed free elections

• No popular sovereignty

After the War

• “What these regions need above all things is not a quick and easy return to their forfeited rights in the Union, but government, the strong arm of power, outstretched from the central authority here in Washington” – Republican Congressman George W Julian, 1867

Indian Massacre

• "they did not make allowance for the rapid growth of the white race"

• "both races cannot use this country in common"

Sherman

• waged war against the Indians "till the Indians are all killed or taken to a country where they can be watched."

• “Some Indians are thieving, killing rascals fit for death; all Indians look alike; therefore, to get some we must eliminate all”

Quoting Sherman

• Sherman wrote to Grant: "We must act with vindictive earnestness against the Sioux, even to their extermination, men, women and children."

• In a July 31, 1862 letter to his wife (from his Collected Works) he wrote that his purpose in the war was: "Extermination, not of soldiers alone, that is the least part of the trouble, but the [Southern] people."

Sherman

• Sherman issued the following order to his troops at the beginning of the Indian Wars: "During an assault, the soldiers cannot pause to distinguish between male and female, or even discriminate as to age. As long as resistance is made, death must be meted out

Sherman

• Sherman gave Sheridan authorization to slaughter as many women and children as well as men Sheridan or his subordinates felt was necessary when they attacked Indian villages

Sherman

• Sherman ordered his subordinates to kill the Indians without restraint to achieve what he called "the final solution of the Indian problem," and promised that if the newspapers found out about it he would "run interference against any complaints about atrocities back East"

Sherman

• Another part of Sherman’s "final solution" strategy was the massive slaughter of buffalo, a primary source of food for the Indians. By 1882 the American buffalo was essentially extinct.

Sherman

• By 1890 Sherman’s "final solution" had been achieved: The Plains Indians were all either killed or placed on reservations "where they can be watched."

Sherman

• In a December 18, 1890 letter to the New York Times Sherman expressed his deep disappointment over the fact that, were it not for "civilian interference," his army would have "gotten rid of them all" and killed every last Indian in the U.S.