The Civil WarThe Civil War

1861-18651861-1865

First ShotsFirst Shots

The Union Army at The Union Army at Fort Sumter Fort Sumter (Charleston, SC) (Charleston, SC) refused to refused to evacuate.evacuate.

Confederate guns Confederate guns opened fire and opened fire and forced its surrender forced its surrender (April 12, 1861)(April 12, 1861)

The Bombardment The Bombardment

Union BlockadeUnion Blockade“The Anaconda Plan”“The Anaconda Plan”

The Union navy did not The Union navy did not allow ships to enter or allow ships to enter or leave Southern ports leave Southern ports along the Atlantic coast, along the Atlantic coast, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Gulf of Mexico, and the Mississippi River.the Mississippi River.

It was an attempt to It was an attempt to destroy the Confederate destroy the Confederate economy by shutting economy by shutting down trade. down trade.

Union Blockade MapUnion Blockade Map

Fort PulaskiFort Pulaski

A confederate fort A confederate fort located at the mouth of located at the mouth of the Savannah River. the Savannah River.

Federal guns forced the Federal guns forced the fort to surrender April of fort to surrender April of 18621862

First Battle –Bull RunFirst Battle –Bull Run(no notes)(no notes)

Fought 25 miles south of Washington DC.Fought 25 miles south of Washington DC. Residents of Washington DC. thought it Residents of Washington DC. thought it

would be an easy victory and many came would be an easy victory and many came to watch.to watch.

After a fierce fight lasting most of the day After a fierce fight lasting most of the day Confederate troops routed Union troops Confederate troops routed Union troops sending them and northern observers sending them and northern observers panicking back to Washington.panicking back to Washington.

Nearly 5,000 soldiers were killed or Nearly 5,000 soldiers were killed or wounded on both sides.wounded on both sides.

Bull Run PhotoBull Run Photo

Battle of Antietem- Sept. 17 Battle of Antietem- Sept. 17 18621862

Robert E. Lee moved the Southern army Robert E. Lee moved the Southern army into Maryland to attack the North.into Maryland to attack the North.

Lee wanted to end the war with one big Lee wanted to end the war with one big victory. victory.

He also hoped to encourage Maryland He also hoped to encourage Maryland to join the confederacy and gain to join the confederacy and gain support from European countries. support from European countries.

The The BloodiestBloodiest Day of the Day of the WarWar

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam A major battle led to the A major battle led to the bloodiest bloodiest

dayday of the war ( of the war (23,00023,000 casualties). casualties). The Union victory gave President The Union victory gave President

Lincoln the victory he needed to Lincoln the victory he needed to announce the Emancipation announce the Emancipation Proclamation. Proclamation.

The Sunken road at Antietem The Sunken road at Antietem battlefield – Summer 2008battlefield – Summer 2008

Sunken road after the battle - Sunken road after the battle - 18621862

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation ProclamationJanuary 1, 1863January 1, 1863

President Abraham Lincoln issued an order declaring President Abraham Lincoln issued an order declaring an end to slavery in all Confederate states. an end to slavery in all Confederate states.

It did not end slavery in slave states that stayed It did not end slavery in slave states that stayed with the Union. (MO,KY,DE,MD)with the Union. (MO,KY,DE,MD)

It kept European countries that abolished slavery It kept European countries that abolished slavery from supporting the South.from supporting the South.

Encouraged African-Americans to join the Union Encouraged African-Americans to join the Union army.army.

The Union Army now fought to end slavery, not to The Union Army now fought to end slavery, not to just keep the Southern states from leaving the just keep the Southern states from leaving the Union. Union.

If I could preserve the Union by If I could preserve the Union by freeing none of the slaves I would do freeing none of the slaves I would do it; if I could save it by freeing all the it; if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery and the What I do about slavery and the colored race, I do because I believe it colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union."helps to save the Union."

- Abraham Lincoln- Abraham Lincoln

GettysburgGettysburgJuly 1-3, 1863July 1-3, 1863

Lee again invaded Lee again invaded the North hoping to the North hoping to win a major battle win a major battle that would convince that would convince the North to end the the North to end the war.war.

The two armies fought a three day The two armies fought a three day battle that led to a major Union victory.battle that led to a major Union victory.

It was the It was the bloodiest battle bloodiest battle (not the (not the bloodiest day)bloodiest day) of the war (50,000 of the war (50,000 casualties)casualties)

The Confederate defeat was considered The Confederate defeat was considered the turning point in the war.the turning point in the war.

Lee would never invade the North Lee would never invade the North again. again.

Now & Then Now & Then

Pickett’s ChargePickett’s Charge

Gettysburg National CemeteryGettysburg National CemeterySite of Lincoln’s Gettysburg AddressSite of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address

THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESSFourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.  Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.  But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate…we cannot consecrate…we cannot hallow…this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us…that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.November 19, 1863 –President Abraham Lincoln

Chickamauga –Sept 18-20, Chickamauga –Sept 18-20, 18631863

Union forces went to Union forces went to Chickamauga.Chickamauga.

A battle was fought over A battle was fought over control of railroad lines control of railroad lines between Chattanooga and between Chattanooga and Atlanta.Atlanta.

Union forces took over the Union forces took over the railroad lines in Chickamauga.railroad lines in Chickamauga.

Railroads were used to Railroads were used to supply armies like General supply armies like General Lee’s in Virginia. Lee’s in Virginia.

Confederate troops attacked Union troops Confederate troops attacked Union troops near Chickamauga, Georgia.near Chickamauga, Georgia.

33,000 casualties made it the 33,000 casualties made it the bloodiest bloodiest battle in Georgiabattle in Georgia..

The South won but did not recapture the The South won but did not recapture the rail center at Chattanooga.rail center at Chattanooga.

Left side AssignmentLeft side Assignment“Three things I like and two I do not “Three things I like and two I do not

understand.”understand.”

Read through your copy of the Read through your copy of the Gettysburg Address.Gettysburg Address.

Write down 3 things you think are Write down 3 things you think are really important that Lincoln says.really important that Lincoln says.

List two things you do not List two things you do not understand.understand.

Civil War Part One NotesCivil War Part One NotesWrite true or false on a lined piece of paper.Write true or false on a lined piece of paper.

1.1. The Anaconda Plan was the Union blockade of The Anaconda Plan was the Union blockade of Northern ports.Northern ports.

2.2. Antietam was the site of the bloodiest day in the Civil Antietam was the site of the bloodiest day in the Civil War.War.

3.3. The Union Blockade was designed to hurt the The Union Blockade was designed to hurt the Confederacy’s economy.Confederacy’s economy.

4.4. The first shots of the war were fired at Fort Sumter in The first shots of the war were fired at Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor.Charleston Harbor.

5.5. The Confederacy won the Battle of Antietam.The Confederacy won the Battle of Antietam.6.6. General Robert E. Lee commanded the Southern General Robert E. Lee commanded the Southern

forces at Antietam.forces at Antietam.7.7. The Confederate army moved North into Maryland The Confederate army moved North into Maryland

hoping to find needed supplies.hoping to find needed supplies.8.8. Savannah was not considered important enough to Savannah was not considered important enough to

blockade during the Anaconda Plan.blockade during the Anaconda Plan.9.9. The Confederate Army was unsuccessful in its The Confederate Army was unsuccessful in its

attempts to capture Fort Sumter.attempts to capture Fort Sumter.10.10. The battle of Gettysburg was the bloodiest battle in The battle of Gettysburg was the bloodiest battle in

Georgia. Georgia.

The Atlanta CampaignThe Atlanta CampaignMay-September 1864May-September 1864

A series of battles were fought around A series of battles were fought around the city of Atlanta.the city of Atlanta.

Atlanta was an important supply Atlanta was an important supply railroad supply line for much of the railroad supply line for much of the south.south.

Capturing it meant food and weapons Capturing it meant food and weapons would be cut off to Confederate would be cut off to Confederate armies.armies.

Battle MapBattle Map

General William T. Sherman led a Union Army of 100,000 General William T. Sherman led a Union Army of 100,000 and finally forced the smaller Southern army to give up and finally forced the smaller Southern army to give up Atlanta.Atlanta.

Andersonville Prison in Andersonville Prison in GeorgiaGeorgia

The South constructed a prisoner of war camp The South constructed a prisoner of war camp built to hold 15,000 prisoners.built to hold 15,000 prisoners.

Instead it had 45,000 prisoners at one time.Instead it had 45,000 prisoners at one time. Disease killed 13,000 Union soldiers.Disease killed 13,000 Union soldiers. Camp commander Henry Wirz was hung after Camp commander Henry Wirz was hung after

the war for war crimes.the war for war crimes.

What it would have looked What it would have looked likelike

PhotoPhoto

OvercrowdingOvercrowding

Left side AssignmentLeft side Assignment“A prisoner at Andersonville”“A prisoner at Andersonville”

Imagine you are a prisoner of war just Imagine you are a prisoner of war just captured on the battlefield at Chickamauga captured on the battlefield at Chickamauga and sent to Andersonville by train. As you and sent to Andersonville by train. As you enter through the stockade consider these enter through the stockade consider these things. things.

1.1. What do you see, hear, smell?What do you see, hear, smell?

2.2. How do you feel?How do you feel?

3.3. What are you going to do? What are you going to do?

4.4. What will it take to survive?What will it take to survive?

5.5. Write a journal entry in paragraph form.Write a journal entry in paragraph form.

March to the SeaMarch to the SeaSept.-Dec. 1864Sept.-Dec. 1864

General Sherman and the General Sherman and the Union army marched across Union army marched across Georgia hoping to destroy the Georgia hoping to destroy the southern economy.southern economy.

They marched from Atlanta to They marched from Atlanta to Savannah on a path often 60 Savannah on a path often 60 miles wide.miles wide.

Path of the MarchPath of the March

Georgia’s DestructionGeorgia’s Destruction Sherman hoped that damaging Sherman hoped that damaging

large areas of the South would large areas of the South would lead to its surrender.lead to its surrender.

The Union army met little The Union army met little resistance along the way.resistance along the way.

Fort McAllister (near Fort McAllister (near Richmond Hill) fell December Richmond Hill) fell December 1313thth..

General Sherman spared General Sherman spared Savannah from destruction and Savannah from destruction and gave it as a Christmas present to gave it as a Christmas present to President Lincoln.President Lincoln.

Large gun captured at Fort Large gun captured at Fort McAllisterMcAllister

Civil War Notes Part twoCivil War Notes Part two

Read through all of the statements before answering ANY of Read through all of the statements before answering ANY of them.them.

True or FalseTrue or False1.1. Abraham Lincoln wrote the Gettysburg Address.Abraham Lincoln wrote the Gettysburg Address.2.2. In the Gettysburg Address, the word consecrate means to declare In the Gettysburg Address, the word consecrate means to declare

sacred.sacred.3.3. Four score equal 87 years.Four score equal 87 years.4.4. General William T. Sherman’s middle initial stands for Turnip.General William T. Sherman’s middle initial stands for Turnip.5.5. Henry Wirz won the Andersonville 500 driving a Dodge in 1864. Henry Wirz won the Andersonville 500 driving a Dodge in 1864. 6.6. The March to the Sea is a famous symphony written about penguins.The March to the Sea is a famous symphony written about penguins.7.7. Abraham Lincoln did not have a mustache.Abraham Lincoln did not have a mustache.8.8. Chickamauga is a funny sounding word.Chickamauga is a funny sounding word.9.9. I did not follow the instructions at the top.I did not follow the instructions at the top.10.10. Do not answer any of the questions, turn over your paper and sit quietly.Do not answer any of the questions, turn over your paper and sit quietly.

Left side assignmentLeft side assignment

Think about lifeThink about life in Georgia and how it in Georgia and how it might have felt as Sherman’s troops might have felt as Sherman’s troops crossed Georgia while getting to crossed Georgia while getting to Savannah.Savannah.

Write a letterWrite a letter to a friend discussing to a friend discussing what you would be experiencing and what you would be experiencing and what you would fear the most. what you would fear the most.