CIP Annual Report 2006

8/9/2019 CIP Annual Report 2006

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cip-annual-report-2006 1/92International Potato Center

Strengtheningassets:enhancing

impact

Strengtheningassets:enhancing

impact

International Potato Center

Annual Report 2006


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cip-annual-report-2006 2/92

Introduction

Statement by the Board Chair 4

Board of Trustees - 2006 6Strengthening assets: enhancing impact 7

Implementing CIP’s vision: impact targeting - update 2007 9

Needs and opportunities: marketing

African leafy vegetables and urban agriculture in Nairobi 16

Increasing income from native potatoes in Bolivia 1 8

Understanding potato knowledge systems 19

Increasing markets for native potatoes in Peru 20

Research

Tying the genome up in knots 24

Vegetable production systems in Lima 25

Accelerating the release of new potato varieties 26

New sources of late blight resistance in potato 27

New sources of resistance to potato leafroll virus 2 8

Growing potatoes in mid-air 29

Plastic barriers control potato weevils 30

Health benefits from yacon 32

Enhancing the nutritional value of potato by plant breeding 34

Clear benefits from orange-fleshed sweetpotato 35

Partnerships for scaling up

Protecting diversity leads to higher oca yields in Peru 38

Managing diversity in the Potato Park in Peru 39

Patient sweetpotato breeding bears fruit in Indonesia 40

Positive selection a success in Kenya 41

Potato work in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan 42

Rewarding farmers in the Andes 44Farmer field schools show the way in Nepal 46

Documenting indigenous knowledge protects

biodiversity in Peru 48

True potato seed benefits in India 49

Complex systems in the Altiplano in Peru 50

School gardens promote orange-fleshed sweetpotato

in Uganda 52

Geospatial analysis assists free trade negotiators in Panama 54

CIP outputs, outcomes and impact

CIP outputs - 2006 58

CIP outcomes - 2006 58

CIP impacts - 2006 61CIP quality and relevance of current research - 2006 6 5

CIP institutional health - 2006 66

Appendix. List of publications 70

Center governance - internal control and risk management 74

CIP in 2006

Financial report 78

Global contact points 80

CIP’s internal structure and Staff list 82

Centers supported by the CGIAR 89

Contents



I n t e r n a t i o n a l P o t a t o C e n t e r • A n n u a l R e p o r t 2 0 0 6

IntroductionIntroduction


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Statementby the

Board Chair

The International Potato Center plays an important role in improving the lives of millions

of poor families that depend on growing potatoes, sweetpotatoes and other roots and tubers.

Improvements in production systems through CIP technologies have resulted in significant

gains in farm productivity throughout the world, especially in Asia, Eastern Africa, and the

Andean highlands.

The Board is pleased to see that CIP’s research program is progressing very successfully,

in particular in its impact, as measured in terms of direct benefit to livelihoods and health. It

is difficult to balance research work with development, but CIP’s staff in headquarters and in

the regional offices are proving highly effective in working with collaborators to disseminate

the results of CIP’s work. CGIAR’s Science Council agrees, with CIP scoring high in the

Council’s annual assessment of the operation, effectiveness and impact of the Center.

CIP is a non-profit organization but as a public institution it has a duty of accountability in

its use of public funds. The Board is commited to bring the principles of due diligence and

open accountability to the management of the Center. To facilitate this process, it has been

decided to adopt the Annual Report as a Board document. You will see that the process

started last year of including more details of Center governance continues this year. I am

pleased to say that the Board finds evidence of very effective

governance practice in CIP’s operations, for which we

compliment Management. Such approaches make the work of

the scientists, the heart of the organization, easier and more

successful. In future years this process of disclosure will

continue.

We were notified in late November that due to some technical difficulties the 2006

funding from the EU would not be paid. Despite this, CIP’s financial situation remains sound,

with a surplus for 2006 and prospects that look promising. However, the Center is not

immune to any kind of financial or operational risks. In order to deal with a broad range of




Jim GodfreyBoard Chair

On behalf of the Board of Trustees, June 2007

risks, risk management policy and plans are in place. The Board through its Risk Oversight

Committee oversees the way in which management deals with risk. In a much broader

sense, the Board oversees Center operations in the interests of donors and stakeholders. CIP

would not be able to operate without the support of this valuable group, and we are keen

to demonstrate, to them and to all of our collaborators, that their valuable funds are being

put to work in the most effective and functional way.

Dr. K.K. Kim retired as vice chair and from the Board of Trustees in April 2006. I thank

him for his contribution to CIP and I know he will be following our progress. Dr. M.

Swaminathan was appointed Vice Chair. I thank all my Board and staff for all their hard work

and dedication in making this another successful year for CIP.



1. Dr. Song Jian

Chinese Academy of EngineeringChina

2. Dr. Madhura Swaminathan

Indian Statistical InstituteIndia

3. Dr. Alexander Boronin

Institute of Biochemistry and

Physiology of Microorganisms,Russian Academy of SciencesRussia

4. Dr. Kang-kwun Kim

College of Natural Science,Konkuk UniversityRepublic of Korea

5. Mr. James Godfrey (Chair)United Kingdom

6. Dr. Pamela K. Anderson

International Potato CenterPeru

7. Dr. G. Edward Schuh

Hubert Humphrey Institute of Public AffairsUSA

8. Dr. Orlando Olcese

Universidad Nacional AgrariaLa MolinaPeru

9. Dr. Ruth Egger

IntercooperationSwitzerland

10. Dr. Victor PalmaINCAGROPeru

11. Dr. Pauline Kuzwayo

Medical University of Southern AfricaSouth Africa

Board of Trustees

2006




Strengtheningassets:enhancingimpacts

At the formation of the CGIAR system in the early 1970s, the Malthusian dilemma of rapid

population growth and limited prospects for increasing food production provided a strong

justification for increasing investment in international agricultural research. By the end of the

20th century the specter of mass famine had largely faded from view, but abject poverty,

malnutrition, high rates of child and maternal mortality and degradation of production

systems continued to affect hundreds of millions of the earth’s inhabitants. Moreover,

research on poverty and its causes has shown that the pathways out of poverty, and the

concept of poverty itself, are complex and varied.

In an effort to strengthen our research assets and enhance our development impact, we

have begun realigning CIP´s work within a new paradigm, which we call the Pro-poor

Research and Development Cycle (Figure 1). The components in this paradigm include

Targeting; Needs and Opportunities Assessment; Research-for-Development; Partnerships for

Scaling Up and Impact Assessment. Our Targeting assumes that to more effectively address

extreme poverty, hunger and the challenges of human and ecosystem health, we must

understand better the location of poverty and its relationship to our mandate crops. Needs

and Opportunities Assessment characterizes the production systems such that we better

understand the role that CIP’s principal development vehicles

(potato and sweetpotato research) play in improving livelihoods

in these areas of poverty. Our Research for Development

agenda generates research outputs that respond to the needs

and opportunities of our clients. CIP has developed, participates

in and continues to explore an array of Partnership Progams

whose objectives are scaling up research outputs, and creating

an enabling environment for outputs to become outcomes

which will lead to enhanced development impacts. And, through Impact Assessment we

continue to monitor our progress against these ambitious objectives.



This 2006 Annual Report presents highlights from the work of CIP scientists and our R&D

partners, across the developing world. The presentations are organized around the components

in the Pro-Poor R&D paradigm. We are grateful for the continued financial and intellectual

support of our donor partners. We are committed to providing efficient and effective

stewardship of your investments – in the service of the poor and hungry of the world.

Pamela K. AndersonDirector General

Figure 1

The Pro-poor Research and Development Cycle

Targeting

Impactassessment

Needs andopportunities

assessment

Research fordevelopment

Partnership forscaling-up




ImplementingCIP’s vision:impacttargeting -update 2007

Background

In 2003-04 CIP conducted a Vision Exercise that described how our research could address

the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for reducing poverty. As part of this exercise we

published a global targeting analysis using indicators of livelihoods in areas where potato or

sweetpotato is an important crop. There were two objectives of this exercise. The first was

to identify the regions of the world where increasing potato and sweetpotato productivity is

most likely to enhance the livelihoods of the most disadvantaged people. Secondly, the work

examined the many dimensions of livelihood to see how target regions may be affected by

moving beyond income-based measures of poverty to include other livelihood indicators such

as malnutrition, child mortality and maternal mortality. Given the dynamic nature of poverty

and changes in potato and sweetpotato production, we decided that it was timely to revisit

this analysis.

Updated composite indicators of livelihood

The initial impact targeting analysis used indicators of livelihood linked to the MDGs. Poverty

was measured as the percentage of the population with incomes below US$1 per day,

adjusted to purchasing power parity, a widely cited and

internationally comparable indicator useful for global analysis.

Malnutrition was assessed as the percentage of a population

classified as chronically malnourished, based on estimates of the

amount of food available in each country and a measure of

inequality in distribution derived from household income and

expenditure surveys. The number of children who die before

reaching five years of age per 1,000 live births annually

indicated child mortality. Maternal mortality was revealed by the number of women who die

during pregnancy or childbirth per 100,000 live births.

Kelly Theisen, working with CIP’s Impact Enhancement Division and the Research



Informatics Unit, has developed

a composite livelihood

indicator and an

innovative format for

presenting this data

(Map 1). The original

four livelihood indicators

have been classified into

five livelihood categories from

“very low” for the poorest countries to

“very high” for the best off and combined to

create a single score, using natural breaks within the

range of interest to CIP (i.e. countries reporting one or

several low livelihood indicators). All data are the most recently reported (as of September

2007) by the United Nations site,

Millennium Development

Goals Indicators.

Updated crop

indicators

Indicators of the

importance of potato and

sweetpotato were developed in

the initial targeting study by analyzing

both crop production and land use, at the

national level except for China, India, and Russia,

where sub-national data were utilized. Since the initial

Map 1. Population by composite

livelihood indicators

Map 2. Population by per

capita potato production



For potato, those regions

include, with a few

examples of nations

or provinces:

· Higher altitude areas

of Sub-Saharan Africa

(Ethiopia, Cameroon,

Nigeria, Kenya, Rwanda,

Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi,

Angola, Mozambique, and Madagascar)

· Andean South America (Bolivia, Perú,

Ecuador, and Colombia)

· The Indo-Gangetic basin of southern Asia (Nepal, India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan)

· China, with high production found in several interior provinces

· Central and western Asia (Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan)

· The Caucasus region (Armenia, Azerbaijan).

For sweetpotato, the regions of highest priority include:

· China, which produces most of the world’s sweetpotato crop

· The relatively humid areas of southern, central, and western Africa (Madagascar, Angola,

Mozambique, Rwanda, Uganda, Nigeria)

· Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea).

Some countries of Central Africa rank very high for both crops (though not usually in the

same immediate area) and are tragically among the countries which also score highest in

priority for livelihood indicators. They include: Rwanda, Uganda, the Kivu District of

Democratic Republic of the Congo, and areas of Tanzania, Kenya, Mozambique, Angola, and

Madagascar.

Map 5. Population bypriority for sweetpotato




These maps likely do not tell a complete story, as data quality for both factors remains a

challenge, but one that CIP continues to address. As we come to understand the challenges

of poverty in greater detail, more specific opportunities come into play, for example by

alleviating vitamin A deficiency through the use of orange-fleshed sweetpotato. Nevertheless,

the updated maps provide a significantly improved framework to guide our R&D program to

those areas of the world where we may expect the greatest impact on the livelihoods of

poor people.

Reference links

Millennium Development Goals Indicators:

http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Default.aspx

The World Potato Atlas:

http://research.cip.cgiar.org/confluence/display/wpa/Home

The World Sweetpotato Atlas:

http://research.cip.cgiar.org/confluence/display/WSA/Home

Population Reference Bureau (PRB):

http://www.prb.org/

United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAOSTAT):

http://faostat.fao.org/default.aspx

Population Statistics (Populstat):

http://www.populstat.info/




Needs andopportunities:marketing

Needs andopportunities:marketing



African leafyvegetablesand urban

agriculture inNairobi

Millions of city dwellers dependon urban agriculture

A campaign to reintroduce

traditional leafy vegetablesinto the Kenyan dietincreased the consumption of the vegetables in Nairobi by1900 percent over a periodof 2 years. African leafyvegetables are an importantelement in the diet of manyAfricans as they are rich inmicronutrients. The increasedsales also created many newurban market opportunitiesfor poor rural and urbanwomen farmers in Kenya,

who produce three quarters

of the national production of these vegetables.

In the past suchvegetables have beenharvested from the wild and

had a poor product image

because of their low qualitythrough bad handling. “Themarket had remained smallbecause there had neverbeen any successful effortsto commercialize the cropand many consumers werenot aware of the healthbenefits to be had fromeating them,” said NancyKaranja, regional coordinatorfor Sub-Saharan Africa of CGIAR’s Urban Harvestpartnership program, which

CIP hosts.Staff from Urban Harvest

collaborated closely with thenon-governmentalorganization Farm ConcernInternational, who ran thecampaign, with technicalinputs from the AsianVegetable Research andDevelopment Center andBioversity International. TheKenyan Agricultural ResearchInstitute and the Ministry of

Agriculture provided farmertraining and worked to openup markets.

This innovative initiativeused a number of ways toincrease production andsales of the leafy greens.“Commercial villages” wereformed by establishing 100producer groups of 2700

smallholders, leading tomore organized andincreased production. Athriving network of suppliersand traders increased thecommercialization of theseeds and vegetables.“Participants had access tobusiness developmentservices and an innovativesavings and credit modelknown as ‘Market Access

Financial Services’”, saidMumbi Kamathi, a marketingspecialist and RegionalProgrammes Director of Farm Concern International,“together with thedevelopment of village-based extension servicesfrom community–basedtechnical experts.”

Demand in Nairobi andthe surrounding peri-urbanmarkets rose from 31 tonnes

in 2003 to 600 tonnes inmid-2006, an increase of 1,900 percent. Demand wasstimulated by building upthe image of leafyvegetables and establishinglinkages betweenconsumption and health. Thecampaign, which won theOutstanding Communications

C . J .A C H I E N G




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Benefits of

agriculturein the city

Urban and peri-urban agriculture

addresses the issues of food

insecurity, nutrition and health,

improves the ecosystem in the cities,

provides employment, especially to

women and youths, and has psycho-

social benefits. Recent studies have

shown that households practicing

urban agriculture are better fed and

more healthy, especially the children.

32 percent takes place on the

people’s own land, 29 percent on the

roadside and 16 percent along rivers;

51 percent is irrigated by river and

stream water, 34 percent by sewage.

Health risks include biological

contamination of waste water, heavy

metals, uptake of lead, zinc and

cadmium along roadsides, and the

use of agrochemicals.

Award at the 2006 CGIARAnnual Meeting, usedcolorful pamphlets withrecipe ideas and information

about nutrition to increaseconsumption.Over 60 percent of leafy

vegetable producers in thecommercial villages arewomen, who also constituteup to 75 percent of all thevalue chain players and soget most of the benefit fromthis project. About 300smallholder women farmersin Nairobi and in westernKenya are now selling over10 tonnes of seed annually,valued at US$430,000.

The urban trade in Africanleafy vegetable species suchas spider plant, amaranthusand black nightshade, as wellas cowpeas, in Nairobi andits environs is estimated tobe worth over US$100,000per month so these crops areimportant income earners forlocal producers. About 30percent of households inNairobi are practicing urban

agriculture. However that isset to grow, making urbanand peri-urban agriculturemore and more important inthe future city economy. “By2020, up to 40 million urbanresidents in Africa willdepend on urbanagriculture,” said CIP’sGordon Prain, the GlobalCoordinator of Urban Harvest.

C . J .A C H I E N G



Evaluatinparticipator

methods for potatmanagement, iPeru and Bolivi


Increasingincome from

native potatoesin Bolivia

Bolivian farmers increased their

incomes by 30-40 percent byimproving their productiontechniques

A group of native potatofarmers in Bolivia are sellingmore potatoes, andtherefore improving their

incomes, by applyinginnovative marketing andutilization techniques thatform part of CIP’s Papa

contracts, finding newclients and maintainingquality production standards.

Through these and other

efforts, the participatingfarmers, who form part of the Native Potato FarmersAssociation of Colomi(known as APROTAC for itsSpanish acronym), havebeen able to tap larger,more demanding marketsthat buy and pay more fortheir potatoes. Access tothese new, more profitablemarkets has encouragedfarmers to increase theirproduction output.Participants are growing 15times more potatoes thanthey did in 2003 ascompared to three-fold fornon-organized farmers.

In an effort to expandtheir business opportunities,and thus revenue-generatingactivities, APROTAC farmersrecently launched twodifferent native potato chipsin the local market.Although both brands are

currently sold only in oneBolivian city each, the ideais to offer these products inother cities and villagesthroughout the country,including the main market inLa Paz.

While this project hashelped highlight the benefitsof reaching out andestablishing commercial linkswith different players amongthe potato market chain,

perhaps more importantly ithas demonstrated that nativepotatoes can indeed beused as a vehicle for raisingfarmer income in poorpotato-producing areas likeBolivia.

Andina partnership program.Coordinated by CIP, PapaAndina is a regional initiativein Bolivia, Peru and Ecuadorthat promotes mechanismsand approaches to link

technology supply withfarmers’ needs, based onmarket opportunities within amarket chain framework.

Potatoes continue to be animportant food crop andsource of income for poorfarmers in the high Andes,where conditions areextreme and resources arescant. Researchers and fieldworkers of Papa Andina andlocal strategic partner

PROINPA (Promocióne Investigación de

ProductosAndinos) have

beenworkingside by sidewith potatofarmers inBoliviasince 1989on anumber of

initiatives. Arecent effortinvolving the

incorporationof new

marketingand utilization

patterns is helping farmersof the Candelaria communityin Colomi, Cochabamba growand sell more potatoes, atmore competitive marketprices.

This group of farmers hasbeen able to increaseincome by 30-40 percent byimproving their productionpractices, including crop

selection and post-harvestmethods. They are applyinginnovative marketing andsales techniques, whichinvolves, among other things,branding and product labeldesign. A key initiative isstrengthening institutionallinks by establishing sale

A .

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18




Understandingpotatoknowledgesystems

Working to

understandthe potatoknowledge and

information

system in Peru

Many different groups areinvolved in the potato systemand introducing newinformation can be a difficult

business. To find the bestways to scale up and improvepotato technologies andmethodologies used byfarmers and institutions, CIPmade a thorough study of thecharacteristics, existinglimitations and futurepossibilities of the potatoagricultural knowledge andinformation systems (AKIS) inPeru, as part of a largerproject that included Bolivia,Ethiopia and Uganda.

AKIS is a concept thathelps explain the wayinformation, knowledge andtechnologies are used to solveproblems among the manygroups involved, such asresearchers, extensionagencies, developmentgroups, private institutions andfarmer organizations.Understanding thecomponents of the system,how they interact, and what

type of information isexchanged is the first step indefining the best way tointroduce CIP’s scientificfindings.

The study involvedworkshops and surveys in fourdifferent provinces. Institutionsand farmers that belong tothe system were surveyed toestablish the type of information they exchangewith other stakeholders about

potato, the way they transferthat information, and what isneeded for improving theirwork. The work revealed justhow complex the potato AKISis, with 16 to 21 componentsinvolving farmer families andorganizations, governmentaland non-governmentalinstitutions, service providers,

input suppliers, market actorsand media in the fourprovinces, as well as CIP.

Institutions recognized,

among other things, that themain problem in the systemis the lack of efficientmechanisms amongthemselves that couldpromote exchange and use of knowledge. In addition, moreinformation and training areneeded on topics such aspotato pest and diseasecontrol, seed quality andmarketing. Farmers,meanwhile, identified theneed to improve marketlinkages and facilitate theiraccess to better quality seed.

The potato AKIS hasdifferent degrees of complexity, depending on therelative importance of thepotato as well as sources of information. Generally, there isa higher number of actorsand interactions in dynamicknowledge systems, wherepotato production is morerelevant for the household

economy and where manycomponents take active rolessuch as coordinating activitiesbetween institutions andstrengthening capacities of farmer organizations. In astagnant system, on the otherhand, there are usually feweractive components, themarket is more limited,potatoes are important mostlyfor home consumption, andwhere other knowledge

systems, such as that relatedto livestock management, aredominant.

The dynamism of the AKISdetermines the interest of institutions in newtechnologies andmethodologies, such asparticipatory methods, toimprove the potato system.

Forexample,providingtraining forinstitutions iscritical to replicateand scale upparticipatory researchexperiences. However, differentgroups have different priorities;non-profit organizations viewpotato-related participatoryresearch with more interestthan local municipalities, wheresuch activities are new andrelatively less important tothem.

The results of the work willbe invaluable in stepping uppotato production in developingcountries where potatoes are astaple crop. In regions wherefarmers are establishing linkswith the market, then market orservice-related information is of

utmost importance.

R .

O R R E G O

Understanding these attitudes isessential in selecting suitablepartners for technologydissemination and decidingwhere to target new informationand technologies generated byCIP or other research institutions.


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Increasingmarkets for

native potatoesin Peru

Native potatoes are aunique asset and acomparative advantage of Andean farmers, since harshclimatic conditions of thehigh Andean altitudes arelimiting factors to growingother crops. Despite this,most native potato growers,

who primarily use their crops

CIP, aims to do just that: usepotato biodiversity as avehicle for raising farmerincome by linking small-scalefarmers in Peru, Bolivia andEcuador to new urbanmarkets.

At the forefront of theseefforts stands T’ikapapa, a

brand name and a conceptthat markets speciallyselected and packed freshnative Peruvian potatoesunder the T’ikapapatrademark. The idea is toimprove the image of nativepotatoes in Peru and assistsmall-scale potato growers toaccess new markets byparticipating in the potatomarket production chain, thatis, the series of groups

involved in bringing thepotato from the field to theconsumer in the city.

The T’ikapapa concept,developed by Papa Andinaand INCOPA, its strategicpartner in Peru, andimplemented in conjunctionwith the Ministry of Agriculture, used the

participatory market chainapproach, a new research anddevelopment methoddesigned to stimulateinnovation along market chainsby mobilizing stakeholders’

capacities to promote trustand collaborative partnerships.The participating stakeholdersin the T’ikapapa partnershipproject are:• 20 farmer organizations

from high Andeancommunities inHuancavelica, Junín,Huánuco and Apurímac.

• A&L SAC, a private potatoprocessing company incharge of packing andsupplying T’ikapapa toWong supermarket chain.

• CAPAC Peru, a potatomarket chain associationaiming to enhance thequality of potatocommercialization in Peruand providing technicalassistance on field.

• Wong, the largest

for home consumption, areunable to benefit from therich biodiversity available tothem due to their limitedresources and access tomarkets. Papa Andina, an on-going project coordinated by

More than 300 families are

involved in the T’ikapapa project

A . D E V A U

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Internationalaccolade

The T’ikapapa project was one

of five winners selected by

the United Nations from ten

finalists for the Supporting

Entrepreneurs for

Environment and

Development (SEED) Awards

2007, drawn from 230

proposals from 70 countries

worldwide.

The Seed Initiative aims to

inspire, support and build the

capacity of locally driven

entrepreneurial partnerships

to contribute to the delivery

of the Millennium

Development Goals and the

Johannesburg Plan of

Implementation.


supermarket chain in Peru,with more than 25 outletsin Lima.

• The INCOPA Project

(Innovation andCompetitiveness of Peru’sPotato Sector), a project of the International PotatoCenter (CIP) that promotedthe collaborative work among public and privatepartners.

Response to the projecthasbeen noteworthy, withthe volume of potatoessupplied for this initiativemore than doubling eachyear for the past two years.The number of familiesinvolved in supplying thepotatoes has also grown veryrapidly, from 72 families fromthree farmer organizations in2004 to well over 200families from seven farmerorganizations in 2006. Overall,315 families from 10 farmerorganizations participated inthe supply chain between2004 and 2005.

Today, T’ikapapa is sold in

two major supermarketchains in Lima. Formalagreements and contractshave been signed betweenthe processing company andthe organized farmercommunities to ensure stableprices and a supply of qualityraw material. Since its launchin 2004, the project hasbrought increased revenue tothe farming communitiesinvolved in the project.

Farmers selling their potatoesunder the T’ikapapa brandcan charge prices 30 percenthigher than those theyreceived from traditionalmarket channels during the2005 pilot action. Equallyimportant, the farmers feel agreat sense of achievementand pride.

Papa Andina is helping local farmers benefit from the rich biodiversitythey manage

A . D E V

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ResearchResearch


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Tying thegenome up

in knots

An innovative use of anenigmatic Inca recordingsystem is helping torepresent the genetic

diversity of native potatospecies in Peru. Kipus arelengths of cord that theIncas used to keep records.Kipucamayocs, early Incadatabase administrators,would tie other pieces of cord on to the original, thentie special knots into these

sub-pieces in differentcolors, styles, combinationsand positions, to record data.

The scientists at CIP arecollaborating with theFederación Departamentalde Comunidades Campesinasde Huancavelica (FEDECCH),

eight farmer communities,several local associations and19 farmer families to collectinformation about the many

hundreds of native potatospecies that can be found inthe Peruvian department of Huancavelica.

Genomic data andindigenous knowledge arebeing combined into aunique database of knowledge of this treasuretrove of genetic diversity(see story on p. 48).

CIPs scientists werelooking for a convenientgraphical representation thatwould effectively present themolecular diversity of thewhole collection as well asthe characteristics of eachvariety. “The problem was tographically illustrate the datacollected from analyzing 18microsatellite molecularmarkers (SSRs) from eachvariety,” said Reinhard Simon,the head of CIP’s ResearchInformatics Unit.

Reinhard was inspired by

the ancient Inca kipus. In itspresent iteration (seegraphic) each cord representsa specific SSR marker. Eachknot on each cord representsan allele found with thespecific SSR marker. Theposition of each knot (ellipse)represents the size of theallele in numbers of pairs of bases; the higher up thestring, the higher the numberof base pairs. While assisting

in correctly identifying thevariety in the future, the SSRkipu represents a type of fingerprint or unique geneticcode for each varietycombined with an estimationof its diversity.

Even more information isincluded in the SSR kipu. The

width of a knot indicates itsrelative abundance in the setunder study, for example bycomparing data from more

than 1,000 varieties analyzedby the department inHuancavelica or a similar setfrom the Potato Park. Thetotal length of each cord isdifferent according to theminimum allele size analyzed,but all lengths arestandardized between 50 and400 base pairs. The colordistinguishes the SSR markeramong differentchromosomes. The graphic iscompleted with additionalinformation to identify thevariety or genotype, the setand the exact number of alleles for each genotype andmarker.

Thus, this systemrepresents a way to presentcomplex information onidentity and diversity in a verycompact package – much likethe original kipus probablydid. CIP is planning toannotate its germplasm

collection with this convenientSSR kipu passport. Suchrecognition of traditional localtechnology that relates to itsmandate crop seemsparticularly apt.

Although the SSR kipustarted out in in situ

conservation, it may havefurther applications as a handyreference for breeders. “Thistool may be seem culturallybiased but it still could be

useful for other genebankswith similar objectives,” notedReinhard. For this purpose CIPis making the program togenerate the graphicsavailable as free and opensource software (see theproject “KipuMaker” onhttp://sf.net).

Graphical representation of microsatellite molecular markersbased on the Incan kipu

24




Vegetableproductionsystems inLima

About 15–20 percent of Lima households, up to 1.6million people, are involvedin agriculture, raising

livestock or growinghorticulture products, and for46 percent of themhorticulture is their mainsource of income. Lettuce,beetroot, turnips and herbsare the principal urban crops,but small farm plots of Canchan and Yungaypotatoes, mostly for homeconsumption, are oftengrown during winter. Otherhigh potential crops includeeggplant, sweet pepper and

squash and opportunitiesexist for sweetpotato andpotato expansion in localfarms systems.

Staff from CIP’sPartnership Program UrbanHarvest launched a study toanalyze the livelihoodopportunities from vegetableproduction systems availableto urban and peri-urbanhouseholds in Lima andexamine the health andenvironmental risks thatexist for producers and thento implement activities thatpromote opportunities andreduce health risks. “Wefound that 90 percent of the urban farmers usedpesticides, some of themextremely toxic,” said CIP’sBlanca Arce, who is closelyinvolved in the work.“Because they did notunderstand dosage,sometimes they were usingeight times the normalapplication.”

Alternatives to pesticideuse include social learning,

alternative marketing andorganization. Project workersadapted the farmer fieldschool concept to the urbancontext, so that “urbanfarmer schools” in organicagriculture providedknowledge for alternativesto pesticide use, which inturn opened up new marketopportunities. The urban-adapted training increasedthe knowledge of the

farmers of integrated cropmanagement, with up to100 percent adopting thepractices. Participation in theschools also stimulatedinnovative thinking amongstthe farmers and pointed tonew marketing options. “Weare currently testing ten

native varieties grown forcocktail potatoes underorganic agriculturemanagement,” said Blanca

Arce.As a result of thistraining, many farmersformed marketingassociations and localgovernment offeredinstitutional support to theurban producers. Municipalland was assigned for theurban farmer schools, underpressure from the producers,and the municipalities alsosupported green marketsand established offices forurban agriculture. “The roleof the municipality wascrucial in institutionalizingurban agriculture by givingorganizational andinfrastructure support,” saidBlanca Arce. In the future,the Environmental Office of the Ministry Housing willcreate a national program forurban agriculture, withadvice from.

“The project highlights

the need for re-valuing

The produce from urban agriculturefinds a ready market in the city

agriculture as acomplementary livelihoodactivity that seeks increasedincome and food securityfrom technical innovation,”concluded Blanca.



Acceleratingthe release of

new potatovarieties

Farmers were closely involved in

selection

A new approach to varietydevelopment is cutting inhalf the time it takes torelease new potato varieties

into farmers’ fields in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Thetraditional methodconcentrated first onselecting promising varieties,and then using them toproduce large amounts of seed. This process could takeup to 15 years or longer,from the initial crossesamong selected parents tothe variety release. Eventhen the diffusion rate wastoo slow because seedsupplies were limited.Most countries in SSA needmore robust varieties of potato to meet stressfulenvironments and marketrequirements. CIP’s JuanLandeo worked with severalcollaborators in Peru andAfrica and developed aninnovative new scheme forselecting varieties that isfaster and more effectivethan the usual way.

The rationale of the new

the cycles of growth andselection,” said Landeo. Atthe same time, large plotswere planted to provide

good supplies of seed of theclones that were selectedfor release at the end of theprocess. “This meant that thewhole process took just 5years from when thecountries received theminituber seed samples tovariety release, because of the intensive multiplestakeholder participation,”added Juan.

The scheme is alreadyhaving a clear impact. By theend of 2006, two late blight-resistant clones had beenreleased in Uganda, twomore are in validation trialsin Ethiopia and Kenya and12 other SSA countries havereceived samples of theseelite clones. The scheme ismore efficient andtimesaving because of theactive participation of thestakeholders in a structuredseries of evaluation and

selection trials inparallel withtimely seedincreaseneeded forvariety

releases. Theapproach is alsoincreasing thecapacity of nationalprograms tointroduce newer

resistantmaterials fromCIP and

elsewhere, aswell as providingnew varieties tomeet farmer andconsumer

demand.


scheme is simple. Clonesdeveloped in the Peru-based breeding programwere extensively testedover several seasons in sixsites in Peru at different

altitudes (150-3,200 m asl).“In this way we couldidentify elite materials withstable and reliable late blight

resistance, good agronomic,table and processingqualities and wideadaptability,” said Juan.“Because of the similarity tothe African potatoproduction zones these eliteclones have the potential forvariety releases in theAfrican countries”.

The set of clonesemerging from the trials inPeru were then tested tomake sure they were free of quarantinable diseases andsent to SSA, where theywere planted in differentsites in Cameroon, Ethiopia,Kenya and Uganda duringtheir cropping seasons,following an acceleratedvariety selection scheme.“At this stage we involvedfarmers and otherstakeholders very closely in

B .L E MA G A

26




New sourcesof late blightresistance inpotato

Late blight is one of theworst diseases affectingpotato. Breeding forresistance to late blight

started in the 1920s, butthe fungus-like organismthat is responsible for thedisease, Phytophthora

infestans, mutatescontinuously, so thatvarietal resistance is rapidlyovercome if it has a simplegenetic basis. Recentmigrations and evolution inpopulations, climatechange, and increasedawareness of the necessityto reduce dependence onpesticides contribute to theseverity of this disease andthe urgency of finding andimplementing solutions tocombat it. However, thegenetic base of cultivatedpotatoes outside the Andesis very narrow, making itdifficult for breeder todevelop new varieties withsignificant resistance.

The strategic use of genetic resources, including

wild relatives native toregions with year-roundpressure from Phytophthora

infestans, is a key toimproving potato’sresistance to late blight.The incorporation of newand different sources of genetic resistance intoimproved lines and varietiesmay help breeders andfarmers to keep pace withchanging P. infestans

populations and weatherpatterns. To maintain acontinuous flow of geneticdiversity to use in breedingwork, a team of CIPscientists is systematicallylooking for new anddifferent sources of resistance to late blight

among the collections of wild and cultivatedgermplasm that the Centerconserves in trust. A broad

genetic base of resistanceis expected to be morelasting, as it should delaythe pathogen’s ability toovercome the genes andmechanisms responsible.“We want to make wildspecies’ resistance moreamenable for use inbreeding populations,” saidCIP’s senior potato breederMeredith Bonierbale, who isrunning the project.

High levels of late blightresistance had beenobserved in wild Solanum

species. The team selectedsix wild species of potato,S. paucissectum,

S. chiquidenum , S. piurae,

S. cajamarquense ,S. acroglossum andS. chomatophilum becausethey are distant from thecultivated potato and havenot yet been used inbreeding. “We found that

the first four species wererich in resistance whileS. acroglossum andS. chomatophilum weregenerally susceptible,” saidBonierbale.

Despite the success of locating new resistance,transferring it efficientlyfrom wild species tocultivated potato will notbe so easy. Initial crossesdid not yield any seed,

despite the wild speciesgenotypes producing plentyof viable pollen. The teamis looking at the reasons forthis failure and is optimisticthe barriers can beovercome. “Growth of pollen tubes in the stylesof the flowers was poor,

only a few grains reaching

the ovules,” saidBonierbale, “but despitegenetic mechanisms thatrestrict crossability,specific sets of environmental conditionsappear to favor crosseswith this group.”

In vitro rescue, wherefertilized embryos areremoved from the plantand grown in tissueculture to obtain wholeplants, gave much betterresults in providinghybrids for upgradedsources of needed traits forfurther breeding. “Ourinterdisciplinary approachto screening andcharacterization of lateblight resistance in thesegroups represents theessential first steptowards efficient transferof late blight resistancefrom underutilized wild

species to the cultivated

Pollen tubes growing down

the style of a potato flower

potato,” said Meredith.“Efforts to improve theefficiency of diseaseresistance breeding in potatohave paid large dividends.”

M .

O R R I L L O




New sourcesof resistance

to potatoleafroll virus

Symptoms of potato leaf roll virusare clear in the plants in the

foreground

New sources of resistanceto the economicallyimportant potato leaf rollvirus (PLRV) have been

identified among wild andcultivated potato speciesheld in trust in the CIP

genebank, again confirmingthe valuable potential thatcan exist in a comprehensivecollection of geneticresources. One cultivar inparticular, of the cultivated

Solanum tuberosum subsp.

andigena , promises to be avery reliable source of substantial resistance.

PLRV infections, alone orin combination with otherviruses, can decrease potatotuber yield up to 95 percent.Previously, different types of resistance had beendescribed from different

sources, “but nosources of

extremeresistance to

PLRV hadbeenconfirmed,”saidMeredithBonierbale,CIP’ssenior

potatobreeder,

who isleading ateam of CIPresearchers

in the work.There are

several typesof resistance,

among them resistance tothe aphid that introduces thevirus into the plant, in thiscase aphids, resistance tothe virus infection itself andthe ability to prevent thevirus accumulating in thetissues of the plant and thetuber.

To identify new anddifferent sources of PLRV

resistance in wild potatospecies from the CIPgenebank, 56 species fromregions with high aphidincidence, out of the 151species conserved in thegenebank, were screened.About 30 species showed aresistance reaction. Samples

from several of these specieshad different types of resistance to the virus. Forexample, 12 accessions were

identified with resistance toaphid attack, several of themalso expressing resistance toinfection and accumulation;six showed high resistance toinfection and eleven wildspecies showed resistance toaccumulation. “Theseaccessions are important newsources of resistance to PLRV,”said CIP researcher Ana Panta.“Six genotypes withinaccessions of S. marinasense

showed the highest resistanceto virus infection andaccumulation, resulting in oneof the most promising sourcesof PLRV resistance.”

Most interesting has beenone cultivated variety of S.

tuberosum subsp. andigena

that has high levels of resistance to all aspects of thevirus attack. “Crossingexperiments with thecommercial S. tuberosum

potato varieties showed that

the resistance was transferredsuccessfully,” said CIP biologistElisa Mihovilovich. “Lowheritability of thischaracteristic has been amajor problem in the past,but this new source is highlyheritable.”

Further research revealedthat disease resistance in S.

tuberosum subsp. andigena isinherited through a singlegene, or a chromosome

region with several tightlylinked resistance genes, thatcontrol a single mechanismthat reduces infection andaccumulation. This will makethe job of breeding newvarieties with this strongresistance to PLRV easier inthe future.

C .

C H U Q U I L L A N Q U I





Growingpotatoes inmid-air

Aeroponics produces a largenumber of healthy seed tubers from

each plant

Growing potatoes in mid-air, with a technique calledaeroponics, is showing greatpromise for the production of

seed potatoes. Seed potatoesare very important for potatoproducers because thesuccess of the subsequentharvest depends on thequality of the seed tubersused.

The technique consists of cultivating potato seedlings onspecially adapted frames sothat the roots, and the tubers,grow suspended in the air. Nosoil is used in this approach,avoiding the need to disinfectsoil with environmentallyharmful chemicals and alsokeeping the tubers healthy.Plantlets with roots arepushed through the top of atable-like structure. The framesare covered with black plasticto keep out the light and theroots are sprayed with arecirculated solution of nutrients to allow them togrow.

“In the greenhouse, seed

potatoes were traditionallygrown in soil that had beensterilized with methylbromide, because it wascheap, effective in killingpathogens and weed seedsbut it did not alter thecharacteristics of thesubstrate,” said Victor Otazú,the chief of CIP’sexperimental station of SantaAna in Huancayo. However,bromine is 60 times more

destructive to the ozone layerthan chlorine, so methylbromide was put on the thelist of banned ozone-depletingsubstances of the UnitedNations Montreal Protocol.

Sterilizing the soil withheat is also expensive, so CIPis using looking at aeroponicsto improve production and

reduce costs. The method isup to ten times moreeffective than conventionaltechniques. “First results have

been very successful,” saidVictor Otazú. “For example,67 seed tubers wereobtained per plant with thevariety Yungay; with CanchánINIA, 70 tubers and withPerricholi, 69. Withconventional techniques inpots, we get 5 to 10 tubersper plant.”

Another advantage is thatthe little tubers can beharvested at any size theseed user wants, from 5 to30 grams. The process alsoallows stepped harvests.Spraying fertilizers directlyonto the roots makes itpossible for the growth phaseto continue for more than180 days without interruption,which does not happen withconventional techniques.There is a small investment inequipment needed, but stillthe tubers work outsignificantly cheaper.

“The technology is novelin the sense that very fewpeople are aware of it or itspotential,” said CIP virologistand seed system specialist IanBarker, “but it has been usedin China and Korea for sometime.” Even NASA’s longrange plans for a visit to Marsreveal that the surface crewwill spend 60 percent of theirtime farming to sustainthemselves. Aeroponics is

considered the agriculturalsystem of choice because of its low water and powerinputs and high volume of food output per sq meter.

CIP’s GermplasmAcquisition and DistributionUnit is already using thetechnique to produce optimalseed tubers of first class

sanitary quality for researchers.Further work in Huancayo willlook at the suitability of thetechnique for a wide range of genotypes including nativevarieties.

There has also been a lot of demand already for information

and training. The Peruvian

national research program INIEAis interested and researchers inEcuador want to install a unit inthat country. CIP’s Paul Demosees much promise for southernAfrica, especially Kenya, and in2007, CIP staff will be workingwith the local collaborators toinstall a system in Mongolia.




Plastic barrierscontrol potato

weevils

Simple plastic barriers

placed around potato fieldsin Peru are as effective incontrolling weevil pests as

several applications of thetoxic insecticide that farmersusually use. Andean potatoweevils are the mostimportant potato pests inpotato-production systems inthe high Andes. Damage canbe severe. In extreme cases,all of the tubers in a cropmight be damaged, forcingfarmers to abandon theirfields. A CIP project hasbeen looking for alternativesto chemical sprays, whichhave the potential todamage people’s health,especially if they aremisused.

Andean potato weevilscommonly occur between2,800 and 4,200 m asl,where potato is usually themost important staple ormarket crop. The weevils arenon-flying insects that crawlinto potato fields during thepotato-growing season and

breed. The eggs they lay

develop into larvae thatburrow into the soil andfeed on the potatoes. Noresistance or tolerance toweevil has been identified inpotato and all potatocultivars are equallysusceptible to attack.

Farmers mainly attempt tocontrol weevils using two orthree applications of oftenhighly toxic insecticides.However, because of theirlack of knowledge thespraying is often ineffectivebecause it is mistimed orthe dosage is wrong.

“Short plastic barriers, just 50 cm high and 10 cminto the ground turned outto be very effective instopping weevil migration topotato fields andconsequently tuberdamage,” said project leaderJürgen Kroschel. The studieswere carried out withfarmer participation in 21on-farm experiments in twocommunities in the Central

Highlands of Peru. Theeffect of plastic barriers wascompared to farmer practice(one to four applications of insecticide per potatogrowing season) in fallow-potato and potato-potatocropping systems in whichthe weevil species

Premnotrypes suturicallus isendemic.

In the systems where thefarmers were leaving thefields fallow for a number of years, then plantingpotatoes, plastic barriersgave a crop with about thesame amount of tuber

damage as the usual practiceof the farmers, which was tospray the crop between oneto four times. No significantdifferences between theplastic barriers and farmerpractice using insecticidescould be found.

Where farmers wereplanting potatoes seasonafter season, the plasticbarriers only prevent newmigration to potato fields.

The potato fields had alreadybecome their own source of infestation. Generally therewas less damage to thecrops grown behind barriers,but again there was somevariation and in a few fieldsthere was more damage. Inpotato-potato systems, there





Setting pitfall traps inside andoutside the plastic barriers in the

fields to assess weevil populations

is a large buildup of weevilsbecause there is always foodavailable in the form of tubers. To counteract this,the farmers spray the cropsup to four times withinsecticide. So from thehealth point of view thebarriers would be

worthwhile. However, whenthe researchers used justone application of insecticideat a critical point inside thebarriers, most losses droppeddramatically, in one casefrom 81 percent to just 3.7percent of tubers lost.

“On farmer plots theinfestation continues untilthe end of March andmiddle of May,” said JürgenKroschel. “In contrast, within

plastic barriers only oneinitial population needs tobe controlled in potato-potato systems.” In thissystem, researchers alsofound large numbers of carabids, which are naturalenemies of Andean potatoweevils. Research continues

in order to developsynergies between naturalcontrol by carabids and theuse of plastic barriers.

Plastic barriers are muchcheaper that usinginsecticides, which is also alabor-intensive process sincewater needs to be hand-

carried to potato fields.Simple self-made pitfall trapsfrom water bottles or tinsplaced closely to the plasticbarriers effectively catch theweevils and demonstrate theeffect to farmers. Manyweevils die along the plasticbarriers.

“As a communityapproach, plastic barriershave the potential of masstrapping and reducing the

total weevil population,which would have long-lasting effects,” concludedKroschel. The plastic barriertechnology can easily beused in farmers’ fields, asdemonstrated by the largenumber of farmers (40 and30 farm households in two

communities), who haveparticipated in the recentpotato-growing season. Afully organic production of native potato in the high

Andes (>3,800 m asl), whereAndean potato weevils arethe only economic bioticconstraint, seems to bepossible with this simpletechnology, especially inrotational cropping systems.A more recently startedproject is giving theopportunity to test thistechnology under widerfarmer participation and forits applicability to related

Andean potato weevilspecies in potato systems of Bolivia and Ecuador.

J .A L C A Z A R




Yacon plantation after 7 months’growth in Ambo, Huanuco,2,200 m asl

Healthbenefits

fromyacon

Yacon (Smallanthus

sonchifolius ) is a relativelyunknown, and underutilized,native root crop from theAndes. A member of thesunflower family, the plantproduces storage roots(known as yacon) with apleasant, slightly sweet

taste, which are eaten raw

like a fruit. The roots aretraditionally used by ruralpeople as refreshment duringfield work or occasionally forskin rejuvenation and torelieve intestinal, hepatic andrenal disorders.

Of the handful of healthbenefits associated withyacon, one of the mostpromising is the root’s highlevels of fructo-oligosaccharides, a particularlow-calorie sugar that doesnot elevate blood glucoseand therefore can be

consumed by diabetics andweight-watchers. In additionto reconstituting intestinalmicroflora and preventingconstipation, animal studiesindicate that fructo-oligosaccharides promotecalcium absorption, reducecholesterol levels,strengthen the immunesystem and reducecarcinogen lesions in thecolon. Yacon leaves are also

rich in strong antioxidants.From 2002 to 2005 CIPand partner institutions inPeru studied the influenceof the environment andstresses on yield and fructo-oligosaccharide content. Theunderlying goal was to usethis information to help

farmers improve theirincome and livelihoods bygrowing more high-qualityyacon and selling more of itat a competitive price. In

addition to helping farmersthis study would alsobenefit the yaconprocessing industry.

Currently, most of thecompanies that produce andsell yacon-based productssuch as syrup, juice,marmalade and flour, arenot aware of theimportance of the wherethe yacon is grown on thecrop’s content of fructo-

oligosaccharides. Because of the high perishability of theroots, processed yaconproducts are preferred forcommercial sales instead of the traditional marketing of fresh roots. Just one week after harvest, the fructo-oligosaccharide content of

I . M A N R I Q U E





Yacon harvest in Oxapampa

roots can drop by as muchas 30 to 40 percent.Furthermore, to obtainproducts with the highest

possible fructo-oligosaccharide content,roots need to be eitherprocessed immediatelyafter harvest orrefrigerated.

The CIP-led studyshowed that yield andnutritional traits of yaconare strongly influenced bythe environment, locality,fertilization and cultivationperiod, and to a lesserdegree by the interactionbetween the yacongenotype and theparticular growing site.Coastal environmentswere mostly suitable forfoliage yield butunsuitable foroligosaccharide yield;highland environments, onthe other hand, were themost suitable for highsugar content, and mid-elevation valleys, when

planted in the winter,encouraged fructo-oligosaccharide contentand leaf growth.

The researchers arekeenly aware thatinformation gathered fromthis and other studies iskey to further developingand improving the yaconindustry, which iscomprised largely of unorganized farmers and

small-scale productioncompanies. Already, thedemand for yacon-basedproducts from Peru, oneof the world’s top yaconproducing areas, is on therise. Exports of yacon-processed goods fromPeru to the world (mainly

the United States) jumpedfrom US$20,000 toUS$251,000 from 2001 to2006.

More information on thiscrop is needed to fullyexploit its commercialpotential and meet thisgrowing demand. TheUnited States, for example,now requires the disclosureof fructo-oligosaccharidelevels for yacon and yacon-based products that are soldthere. Exports to EuropeanUnion nations, meanwhile,are not allowed until it isproven that yacon-derivedproducts are safe for humanconsumption. The PeruvianInstitute of Natural Products,with support from theBioTrade Facilitation

Programme, United NationsConference on Trade andDevelopment, CIP, andother institutions, is

currently working on aformal document that aimsto give the crop the greenlight to enter the EUmarket.

Efforts such as these arealso set to help yacon-growing farmers in otherparts of the world, such asBrazil and Japan, whichhave the largest yaconproduction zones outsidethe Andes.

I .MA N R I Q U E




Enhancing thenutritional value

of potato byplant breeding

More than 2 billion peopleworldwide lack micronutrients like iron andzinc. In developing countries,about 50 percent of womenand children are affected byanemia, from a shortage of

iron, folate, vitamin B12 andother nutrients. Since 2004,CIP has been working withthe CGIAR Harvest PlusChallenge Program in thearea of biofortification, theprocess of breeding staplecrops with increasedconcentrations of micronutrients to supplyessential minerals andvitamins to the peopleeating the crops. Newvarieties of potato with highlevels of iron and zinc are

health and productivity of over half of the world’spopulation, especially womenand children. However, theindications are thatbiofortified potatoes canindeed play a role in

reducing micronutrientdeficiency in targetpopulations where potato isan important part of the diet.CIP’s VITAA initiative (seestory p. 52) is a goodexample of this approach tobiofortification of sweetpotato.

Potato is already animportant source of energy,vitamins, minerals andprotein of high biologicalvalue. A 100-g serving of anaverage potato variety canprovide a child with 16percent of the recommendeddaily allowance for iron.

The advantage of biofortification is that itbrings nutritional benefitsfrom locally produced crops-harvest after harvest, with noadditional costs once thebiofortified varieties areadopted and consumed.Potato has a highly diverse

genepool of cultivatedvarieties, and the full rangeof bioavailable micronutrientsin this germplasm isunknown.

“We measured themineral and vitamin Cconcentrations of nativevarieties conserved in thegermplasm collection at CIP,”

said project leader, CIP’s seniorpotato breeder MeredithBonierbale. Among 100 nativecultivars and 150 advancedbreeding clones and varieties,they found 12-37 mg/kg of iron and 8-32 mg/kg of zinc.

“Vitamin C concentrations of the native potatoes rangedfrom 22 to 105 mg/kg,” addedBonierbale.

Women in Huancavelica,one of the poorestdepartments of Peru, eat about800 g of potato per day, andmean potato consumption inparts of Rwanda is 400-500 gper head. Such diets lack ironand zinc. The wide range of concentrations observedamong the genotypes suggeststhat suitable iron-dense parentsare available for improving ironlevels in diets or in newvarieties. “Our breedersestimate that it is possible toreach a concentration of 48mg of iron/kg and 33 mg of zinc/kg,” said Bonierbale.

CIP’s genebank containsaround 4,000 native potatolandraces, so more varietieswill be evaluated in the future.The development, promotion

and consumption of stable,resistant and more-nutritiouspotato varieties in developingcountries will help to improvethe health of populations atrisk of malnutrition, whilecontributing to increasingincomes and reducingdependence on external inputssuch as pesticides.

already emerging from anexploratory breedingprogram using materialsfrom CIP’s genebank.

Micronutrientmalnutrition is a realproblem in the developingcountries, affecting the

Source: FAO 2003 Food Balance Sheets Average 1999-2001. The Micronutrient Initiative.

Target countries for fortifiedpotatoes.

Superimposing maps of childand maternal iron deficiency andpotato consumption shows anumber of countries in CIP

regions that could benefit from

biofortified potatoes

n

high

medium

low

unknown





Clear benefitsfrom orange-fleshedsweetpotato

Orange-fleshed sweetpotatoes

produce a number of highlymarketable products

A carefully controlled

study has shown conclusivelythat introducing beta-carotene-rich sweetpotatoes

into the diet of youngchildren contributes toincreased vitamin A intakeand reduces the frequencyof low retinol in their blood,an indicator of vitamin Adeficiency. The work took place in rural Mozambiqueand was the first food-basedcommunity-level study inAfrica that has followed thesame intervention andcontrol households andchildren throughout theinitial adoption period.

“Building on pilotexperience in WesternKenya,” said Jan Low, CIP’sRegional Leader for Sub-Saharan Africa and one of the project’s leaders. “Thisproject not only aimed toimprove child-feedingpractices, but introduced amarket developmentcomponent to assuresustained adoption.”

Vitamin A deficiency is aprimary cause of blindness inyoung children in Africa.Food-based approaches toraising vitamin A arecomplementary tosupplementing blood levelswith vitamin pills, but theymay be more sustainable,although up to now fewthorough studies have beendone. A key objective of theproject was to sustainably

improve intake of vitamin Aand energy in children underfive.

Hundreds of householdswere involved in the study.The children, with anaverage age of 13 months,showed high levels of malnutrition; 71 percent of

them had low serum retinollevels, 25 percent wereseverely anemic and 54percent were stunted for

their age. The area wasextremely poor in resources,drought prone with lowproductivity. The principalstaple was cassava, although66 percent of thehouseholds grewsweetpotato.

The team adopted threedistinct pathways in theproject. First they ensuredthe supply of CIP-developedorange sweetpotato varietiesto the households so thatthey could produce moreenergy and beta-caroteneper hectare. Second, ademand for vitamin A-richfoods was created bypersuading people to plantthem and ensure that themost vulnerable householdmembers ate them andother locally availablevitamin A-rich foods andsources of protein and fat.Third, project staff worked to

develop markets for the newcultivars to ensure rapid andsustained adoption byproducers and consumers,and a market for thematerial. “These threepathways interacted andreinforced each other,” saidJan Low.

The study lasted for twoyears and eventually showedthat the young children inthe households were taking

in eight times more vitaminA that the control groups byeating the OFSP. At the end,the study children, averageage 13 months, in theintervention householdswere taking in eight timesmore vitamin A than thosein the control households.

OFSP was the main sourceof that vitamin A. In anenvironment with extremelypoor health services and lowformal maternal education,the study demonstrated thata decline of 15 percent inprevalence of low serumretinol in young childrencould be attributed to theintervention.

The research highlightsthe effectiveness of OFSP inan integrated agriculture-nutrition intervention aimedat increasing vitamin Aintake and serum retinol

concentrations. The

J . L O W


challenge remains to ensuresustained adoption and haveimpact on a wide scale. “If we can get OFSP into theyoung child’s diet, it makesan impact,” said Jan Low.




Partnershipsfor scaling upPartnershipsfor scaling up



Protectingdiversity leadsto higher ocayields in Peru

Children really like the soft drink

that communities in Puno aremaking from oca as a tasty andnutritious alternative to expensive

commercial drinks

Farmers in six Andeancommunities are routinelyusing the results of a CIPproject to reduce oca lossesfrom 90-98 percent to lessthan 20 percent. The oca oroka (Oxalis tuberose) is aperennial plant grown in thecentral and southern Andesfor its starchy edible tuber,used as a root vegetable,which can be boiled, bakedor fried. Its leaves and youngshoots can be eaten as agreen vegetable as well.

Although low-yielding, oca is

one of the most importantstaple crops of the Andeanhighlands, because of itsproductivity, easy propagationand tolerance for poor soil,high altitude and harsh

conditions. In fact, up to 90percent of the food of Andean farmers is based onoca, ulluco, mashua (two

other Andean roots andtubers) and potatoes. About10 percent of rural familiesuse oca and ulluco as babyfood and they are emergingas a valuable source of income generation, especiallyin making jams.

Cultivating oca faces anumber of challenges. Goodquality tuber seed is scarce;when cultivated in remoteareas, weevils can destroy 98percent of the tuber. Thispest has become a factor ingenetic erosion, for example,in Andahuaylas the oca crophas disappeared entirely, andknowledge of oca biodiversitymanagement, either in situ orex situ, is limited.

CIP staff in Perucollaborated with theUniversity of Cusco, theUniversity of California-Davisand six rural communities of the high Andes around Cusco

in a project investigatingvarious aspects of oca. The sixcommunities were: Picol,Matinga, Qqueccayoq, Poques,Chumpe and Sayllasaya

Communal consultationassemblies and biochemicalanalyses identified ocabiodiversity, revealing fourmajor clusters. Most of theocas grown in each farmingcommunity showed widedistribution in the four

clusters, although the Poquescommunity was conservingthe lowest oca geneticdiversity, while Matingaconserved the highest levels.Six main tuber shapes aregrown in the six communitiesby more than 50 percent of the families; others are rather

strange and they are grown by1-2 families in only 1-2 villages.Such highly localized cultivationis a clue to the origin of the

tremendous biodiversity of tuber crops that exists in theAndes.

Efforts to protect the tubercrop, and hence the levels of biodiversity conserved, blendedtraditional indigenousknowledge and scientificresearch. Staff in the Universityof Cusco isolated, identified andworked out how to use theparasitic fungus Beauveria

basiana against the weevilpopulation, supplemented bytraditional methods such asusing native plants as pestrepellents, rooting oca sproutsto reduce weevil damage, usingchickens in the fields to preyon the weevils, early harvestingand plowing the fieldsimmediately after harvest. “Wealso improved the traditionalstorage systems, in small hutscalled taqu’es,” said CIP’s CarlosArbizu, part of the projectteam, “reducing losses from 15-

20 percent down to 3 percent.”The results of the project

have been spread throughfarmers and children, schools,technical workshops,congresses, seminars andbroadcasts by local radio in thenative language Quechua andin Spanish. Agronomists, schooland university teachers andnon-governmental organizationsin Cusco and ApurimacDepartments have become

involved in disseminating andutilizing the project results.These efforts have widened theimpact of the research beyondthe more than 30 communitiesin the vicinity of the six targetvillages and in doing so,protected the biodiversity of this valuable Andean crop.

R .V A L D I V I A ( C I R N MA )





Managingdiversity in thePotato Park inPeru

Potato Park farmers taking a break from tilling the soil using traditional

Andean chakitajllas

Analyzing the genetic

diversity of potato varieties inthe Potato Park in Perushowed that CIP’s

collaboration with this groupof communities had actuallyincreased the diversity thatthe farmers are managing.The Potato Park is a localmodel of conservation andsustainable use of agro-biodiversity that is promotingand protecting traditionalknowledge and localpractices. The Park, in Pisaq,Cusco, was created in 2002and includes six communitiesof 750 families across almost10,000 ha of Andean terrain.It is operated by the PotatoPark Association, which ismade up of representativesfrom all the communities, inclose collaboration with thenon-governmentalorganization ANDES. CIP hasan agreement with the Park to assist in restoring nativepotato varieties and hencegenetic diversity that mighthave been lost to the

farmers, as well asintroducing disease-freematerials to the communities.

Analyzing the potatodiversity managed by thefarmers gave some veryinteresting results that havebearing on the short- andlong-term future of the Park.A team of CIP researchersfound a high level of geneticdiversity in potatoes in threeof the communities, with a

total of 122 alleles, or DNAsequences that code for agene, including sevenexclusive alleles.“Interestingly, potato geneticdiversity is similar among thecommunities, suggesting theinterchange of geneticmaterial,” said one of theteam, Cinthya Zorrilla.

CIP has beensystematically contributingpotato varieties to the Park,both to restore varieties that

the communities no longerhave, and to replace existingvarieties with clean, virus-tested cultivated varietiesfrom CIP that have increasedpotato seed quality and theyield in the Park. Newpotato products are alsounder development, togenerate more income.

The germplasm restoredto the Park from CIP hasbroadened the existinggenetic diversity there withover 15 exclusive alleles.This genetic diversity onceexisted in the area but hadfallen from local use for avariety of reasons. “Thecommunities aremicrocenters of agrobiodiversity,” said ReneGómez, a CIP scientistworking closely with thecommunities. “The principalreasons for restoring thismaterial is the ‘tired seed’

syndrome, which is thegradual decrease in viabilityof the material through thebuildup of disease in theplanting material, and thebroadening of the geneticdiversity with the return of potato varieties that werepreviously collected in thesecommunities andsurrounding areas.”

The team has also beendocumenting the potato

diversity and associatedknowledge and informationin the Potato Park.Researchers found that thetotal molecular variationbetween potato cultivarsfrom the Park communitiesand CIP is less than 1percent. This means that thediversity held in trust in the

CIP genebank represents wellthe diversity maintained in thecommunities.

Andean communities havearariwas who are hereditarycustodians of agrobiodiversityand related knowledge. By

working closely with them

over a period of three years,CIP staff found that the localnomenclature follows asystematic classification thatreveals a detailed knowledgeof the complex diversitymaintained in the communities.

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Patientsweetpotato

breedingbears fruit in

Indonesia

A program of breedingthat started seven years agois having significant impactin East and Southeast Asia,

most recently in the threenew varieties that CIP wasable to release in famine-stricken parts of Papua.Sweetpotato is of theutmost importance in thediet of the local residents,accounting for 90 percentof daily diet in many areas,with some estimatescalculating per capita annualconsumption in Papua atnearly 100 kilos. The cropalso accounts for up to 100percent of the pig feed.The varieties weredeveloped in collaborationwith the IndonesianLegumes and Tuber CropsResearch Institute (ILETRI),the Australian Centre forInternational AgriculturalResearch (ACIAR), theAssessment Institute forAgricultural Technology of Papua (AIAT Papua), and theSouth Australian Research

and Development Institute

will be no more shortageof food in YahukimoRegency,” he said. “Thegovernment has already

released three newvarieties of sweetpotato,which are high in yield,good eating quality andadapted to high elevationareas. Please do not belazy to grow sweetpotato,use these new varieties,and follow the advice of the agricultural extensionofficer.”

CIP is continuing towork closely to support thesweetpotato breedingprograms of the regionalNARS. Current objectivesinclude producing varietieswith high dry matter of white, purple and orangeflesh color sweetpotato.Seeding trials underway in2006 were givingpromising results in Bogor.

The new varieties performed very

well in Papua

(SARDI), adapted for thehighlands, with considerableincrease in yield over thelocal varieties, as well asresistance to scab diseaseand drought tolerance.

The varieties were PapuaPattipi, Papua Sawentar, andSawentar. These nameswere specifically given by

the President of Indonesia,Dr. Susilo BambangYudhoyono, who was veryimpressed by the yield of the new varieties, whichwas on average about 24-26t/ha compared to the localvarieties’ 10-15 t/ha.Research activities werestarted in 2001 through aseries of on-farm trials inWamena (Papua) in 2001,followed by preliminary andadvanced yield trials during2002-2003 and by multi-location trials during 2004-2005 in several locations inJayawijaya districts (Papuaprovince) and several highelevation areas in Indonesiasuch as North Sumatra, WestSumatra, Bali and West Java.

Dr. Yudhoyono launchedthe new varieties at a fieldday conducted at Kurimaand Pasema (YahukimoRegency, Papua) on July 26-

27, 2006. “I hope that there

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Positiveselection asuccess inKenya

*(approximately 22 tonnes per hectare)

Potato farmers in Kenyaincreased their potatoproduction by 30 percentsimply by using tubers from

selected healthy-lookingplants as seed. The beautyof the technology, knownas positive selection, is thatit is easy to adopt by smallscale farmers because itdoes not require any cashinvestment, just some sticksand labor.

CIP, the KenyaAgricultural ResearchInstitute (KARI) and theMinistry of Agriculture of Kenya have trained over100 extension agents andfarmer trainers. They in turntrained over 70 farmergroups involving more than1,000 farmers since 2004.“The training was a real eyeopener, we never knewthat most of our potatoplants were sick,” saidMichael Macharia, anextension worker trained asa trainer in May 2005. “Thistechnology responds directly

to the need of our potatofarmers because they haveno access to clean seed.”

In Kenya, as well as inmost developing countries,high quality seed potatoesare not available to smallscale farmers. There arelimited amounts of qualityseed available for a fewreleased varieties, but it isexpensive. For popularlandraces no seed is

available. This makesfarmers plant potatoes fromtheir previous crop infectedwith diseases, resulting inlow yields.

Farmers groups arebeing trained ondistinguishing between sick

potato specialist based inNairobi. “Trials with farmersare ongoing in Ethiopia andUganda, as well as Peru and

India and the technology is

being promoted inMozambique and Malawi.We are also developing aset of training materials fromthe experience in Kenya.”

Women farmers practicing positiveselection in Kenya

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G I L D E M A C H E R

and healthy plants by thetrained extension staff.Healthy- looking plants arepegged before flowering

and monitored till harvest.Pegged plants are harvestedone by one and a final seedpotato selection is madebased on the number, sizeand quality of the tubers. Byrepeating this process over afew seasons, yields can begradually increased. Thefarmer groups see this forthemselves because a fieldexperiment compares theirown method with positiveselection.

“I have done positiveselection for three seasons[…] and it has doubled myyields,” said WainainaNjoroge, a member of Pagima group in theNaivasha division. “I expectto harvest 20 bags from thisquarter acre*. Fellow farmersare now coming to me tobuy seed as they have seenit is better than what theyhave.”

“My last crop looked sogood that thieves cameduring the night to harvestit,” said Peter Kinyae fromthe Kenya AgriculturalResearch Institute in Tigoni.“Interestingly we have seenseveral cases of theft fromfields where groups hadplanted positive selectedseed. This is a goodindicator that the technologyworks.”

“The approach of teaching farmers positiveselection is being furtherinvestigated by CIP to judgeits potential for solving theseed problem in otherdeveloping countries,” saidPeter Gildemacher, a CIP




Evaluatinparticipator

methods for potatmanagement, iPeru and Bolivi

Potato work inTajikistan and

Uzbekistan

In the CAC region, thebreakdown of the formerSoviet Union disruptedrelationships with traditionalseed potato suppliers basedin Russia, Belarus, Ukraine

and the Baltic countries.

“The introduction and testingof elite potato-breedingmaterials is a priority asmany national agriculturalresearch systems work towards producing their ownseed,” says CIP’s Carlo Carli,

who is working in theregion. “This will reducedependence on importsfrom foreign countries.”

As part of this effort,Carlo has been working with

partners in Tajikistan andUzbekistan to identify high-yielding potato clones foruse in the countries, usingvirus-resistant germplasmfrom CIP. Initially developedat CIP HQ in Lima, Peru,new elite clones with highlevels of resistance to virusesand excellent cooking andprocessing quality wereintroduced as in vitro plantsinto Tajikistan and Uzbekistan

in 2005.Multiplied in thelaboratory of the Institute of Plant Physiology andGenetics, Dushanbe,Tajikistan, in vitro plants of 28 CIP breeding lines weretransplanted directly intofarmers’ fields in the

highlands of Faizabad district,by researchers of theResearch Institute of

Horticulture, Dushanbe.In Uzbekistan, 34 in vitro

clones were multiplied inthe laboratory of theBiotechnology Departmentof Tashkent State AgrarianUniversity. About 5,000 in

vitro plantlets weretransplanted into beds toproduce disease-freeminitubers under controlledconditions, between Januaryand March 2006. A total of

31,210 minitubers wereharvested between May andJune, 2006. After breakingdormancy with chemicals tohave them ready for plantingat the end of June, 27clones were planted in thehighlands of Tashkent regionin June-July, in a research

An excellent potato harvest inTajikistan

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Tajik children

site belonging to theInstitute of Vegetables,Melon and Potato, based inTashkent.

Laboratory techniciansand scientists have beentrained in sanitationprocedures to be appliedduring micropropagation inthe laboratory and furthermultiplication under

screenhouse conditions. Theyhave also been learning howto transplant in vitro plantsunder proper seedbed

conditions using locallyavailable substrate, how toperform rapid multiplicationtechniques, husbandrypractices and screenhousemanagement in general.

In Tajikistan, farmersparticipated in preparing thefields, transplanting in vitro

clones directly into the fieldand other cultural practices.At harvest, their preferenceswere taken into

consideration in selectiondecisions, as local breedersassessed the yield andquality of the introducedclones and advanced thebest selections forsubsequent variety trials.

The project is alsopassing along skills in truepotato seed technology,which is completely new tothe region. Some of thetrue potato seed familiesadapted to long dayconditions were veryproductive, showingvigorous growth, anextremely healthy aspect,profuse flowering and yieldsof up to 35 tonnes/ha inthe highlands of Tajikistan atabout 2,300 m asl.

True potato seedtechnology is expected togive positive resultsespecially in the marginalareas of the highlands of

the region. These areashave the most suitableagroecology for true potatoseed because of the difficultaccess to potato-growingsites, the high price of conventional tuber seed,and the widespreadpresence of smallholdingswith sufficient laboravailable. “The highcompetition from importedclonal varieties puts this

technology at adisadvantage in thelowlands,” says Carlo Carli.

C . C A R L I




Rewardingfarmers inthe Andes

*Cuenca means “watershed” in Spanish.

Farmers in the Andeanwatersheds are set to becompensated forimplementing

environmentally soundagricultural practices inresponse to growing landdeterioration andenvironmental problems. CIPand partner organizationshave designed a financialscheme that rewards farmersfor adopting ecologicallysound farming methods.

Most of the farmers livingin watersheds throughoutthe Andes mountain chainare poor and operate on asmall scale, with little interms of organization orcooperation. Moreimportantly, they do nothave the technical andfinancial means to improvetheir farming techniques, sotheir land and the quantityand quality of their water isslowly deteriorating.

With this in mind, theCuencas* Andinas projectCONDESAN, the Consortium

for the Sustainable

Development of theAndean Ecoregion, apartnership program of CIP,designed and developed afinancial scheme calledPayment for Ecosystem

Services (PES), tocompensate rural families(service providers) for usingsustainable land and water

conservation practices. Theproviders receive a materialreturn, such as monetarycompensation, infrastructureimprovements and access toextension tools.

The PES system iscurrently being implementedin the Alto Mayo watershed,where close to 80 percentof the population live inpoverty. Rudimentaryfarming techniques in thearea such as slash and burnpractices have led to erosionand sedimentation, which inturn have reduced waterquality and raised costs forthe drinking waterenterprise. The PES pilotproject is encouragingfarmers in Moyobamba tochange their land usesystem. Service providers inMoyobamba are set to join

the PES program as a groupof 5-12 families and signinga contract to put intopractice the technological

arrangements offeredthrough PES. Close to 100families are expected toparticipate during the firstphase of this pilot project.

PES was developed as akey component of CuencasAndinas, which aims forstakeholders in selectedwatersheds to implementsustainable developmentprojects involving activitiessuch as integrated watershedanalysis, interveningstrategies, political dialogue,and training and knowledgemanagement, in response toenvironmental issues in thearea such as water quantityand quality, erosion,sedimentation and pollution.Cuencas Andinas was carried

Andean watersheds provideessential environmental services


C ON D

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A typical Alto Mayo scene

out in six watersheds inPeru, Ecuador, Colombia andin two associatedwatersheds in Bolivia and

Argentina.PES schemes areexpected to assist in linkingfarmers’ income andenvironmental conservationin Andean watersheds byproviding farmers withincentives to change theircurrent farming system to asustainable one. The modelinvolves three key groups:the service providers(families in the watersheds),the service users(organizations, companiesand districts that use thewater for irrigation, humanconsumption and otheruses) and in some cases, aFund.

The Fund, made up of service provider and serviceuser representatives as wellas private sector andgovernment delegates, actsas the intermediary for allthe members of the

payment chain. Through theFund’s management,providers and users agreeon a value for theecosystem service. The Fundarranges all the necessaryworking mechanisms. Mostimportantly, it establishesagreement on the amountof money and the servicescontributed by each player.

Project leaders intend toapply the lessons learned

from the Moyobambaexperience, especially thePES aspect of the project, inother watersheds throughoutthe Andes, and even in theAmazon region, in hopes of contributing effectively tomaintaining the region’snatural resources.

I . R E N N E R




Farmer fieldschools show

the way inNepal

Potato plays an importantrole in the livelihood andfood security of farmingcommunities in Nepal,where per capitaconsumption of potato isone of the highest in

southwest Asia yet potatoproductivity is one of the

lowest in the region. This isdue in large part to thewidespread occurrence of disease and the use of low-quality seed. Moreover, most

growing season andencourage farmers to learn

appropriate practices formanaging seed, disease andother agronomic constraintsthrough their ownexperience. Integrated cropmanagement combinesresearch-generatedtechnologies and adaptsthem to local needs.

National policy enabledauthorized extensionagencies to mobilizegovernment funds to supportproject efforts in

institutionalizing and scalingup integrated potatomanagement. With theDepartment of Agricultureand CARE Nepal as the leadorganizations, by 2005 morethan 4,000 farmers across

*Users’ Perspectives With Agricultural Research and Development

potato farmers lack thenecessary means to improvetheir crop managementpractices. With this in mind,CIP and partner institutionshave been working since the1990s to assist local farmers

to improve their potatooutput, and thereforeultimately improve theirlivelihood and food security.

Late blight and bacterialwilt reach epidemicproportions in Nepal; it isnot uncommon for farmersto lose their entire potatocrop to these diseases. In1998, CIP’s UPWARD*Partnership Program workedwith government and non-governmental organization

partners to use farmer fieldschools to adapt anddisseminate new ways tocontrol disease throughintegrated cropmanagement. These fieldschools last the whole

Farmers learn new techniques atthe field schools, which they can

integrate with their ownknowledge

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C A M P I L A N





Nepal had participated inover 150 schools dealingwith integrated potatomanagement, implemented

by local extension teamswith funding fromgovernment agencies andnon-governmentalorganizations.

From 2002, CIP-UPWARDstarted monitoring andevaluating the outcomesfrom the project, and theimpact of farmers’ attendingthe field schools. Findingsindicated that maintainingand using clean seed wasthe most common practiceadopted by farmers twoyears after a field school.Economic analysis showedthat gross and net returns toland and labor significantlyincreased after training.However, the evaluation alsorevealed that producingadequate supplies of cleanseed remained a continuingchallenge for farmers. So in2006, the content of the

field schools was furtheradapted to focus onproducing clean seed usingtrue potato seed, which

makes use of botanicalseeds rather than wholetubers. With funding fromthe Japanese government,local Nepal partnersconducted a nationalprogram of farmer fieldschools, this time with acurriculum centered onusing true potato seed inon-farm seed production.

The monitoring andevaluation gave insights intothe strengths andweaknesses of the fieldschool approach andsuggested ways to improveand scale-up such efforts. Asin most participatoryresearch and developmentefforts, the project teamfaced challenges associatedwith scaling up successfulexperiences beyond thepioneering farmer groupsand farming communities.

Certainly, the variability inneeds, opportunities andconditions requires thatagricultural innovations

introduced in pilot projectsbe continually adapted tolocal conditions whenintroduced to othercommunities.

Besides the directbenefits to the farmers, theoverall output and lessonsfrom the Nepal projecthave potential for widerapplication in the South andCentral Asia region whereextreme poverty exists andwhere potato is a keylivelihood crop. Similarneeds and opportunities canbe found in Afghanistan,Bangladesh, Bhutan, SriLanka and the formerrepublics of the USSR.

Farming potatoes on smallterraced fields is common in Nepal

D E P T .

O F A G R I C U L T U R E - N E P A L




Documentingindigenousknowledge

protectsbiodiversity in

Peru

A publication that CIPreleased in 2006 managesto document invaluableindigenous knowledge of

wild potato varieties whileactually protecting thediversity it describes. Farmore than a routinecatalogue of germplasm,The Catálogo de

Variedades de Papa Nativa

de Huancavelica, Perú

combines indigenousknowledge and genomicdata into a database thatwill be invaluable toscientists, breeders and thefamilies of Huancavelicaand other farmingcommunities. “It is aunique document, a truecommunication interfacebetween centuries-oldAndean know-how andscientific expertise,” saidCIP’s Stef de Haan, who isworking with the farmerson the project thatgathered the data. “Itcombines indigenousknowledge and molecular

data for the purpose of documentation, protection,benefit sharing and futuremonitoring.”

Scientists at CIPcollaborated with theFederation of FarmerCommunities of Huancavelica, eight farmercommunities, several localassociations and 19 farmerfamilies to collectinformation about the

many hundreds of nativepotato varieties that makeup an important heritageand dietary staple in thePeruvian department of Huancavelica. Thecatalogue describes 144landrace varieties but also

includes sections describinglocal farmer’s knowledge aswell as a summary in thelocal Quechua language.

The catalogue alsopresents an innovative useof an enigmatic Incarecording system. The Incasused lengths of cord called“kipus” to keep records.(see story on p. 24 forfurther details). Anotherfeature of the catalogue isits careful handling of intellectual property. Thecatalogue capturesindigenous knowledge suchas medicinal uses andlocally recognizedresistances. To protect theintellectual property of thefarmers, CIP negotiated withthe Peruvian Registry of Collective Knowledge andSociety for EnvironmentalLaw, signed a prior consentagreement with each of thecollaborating farmercommunities andcopublished the book withthe Federation of Farmer

Communities of Huancavelica. A notice onproprietary rights appears inthe book.

This catalogue shows thediversity of native potatoesin a balance betweentraditional knowledge andthe results of scientificinvestigation. Such acombination makes thecatalogue unique,contributing to the

understanding of theextensive genetic diversitythat the farmers of Huancavalica conserve, aswell as blending richcultural understanding withthe results of research.

Don Pío Velásquez Huamani and his daughterin his fields in the community of Santa Cruz

de Pongas Grande. Don Pío was one of the

people who contributed to the catalog

S . D E H A A N





True potatoseed benefitsin India

True potato seed is produced inberries that grow among the

plant’s foliage. Each berry containsup to 400 seeds

Pros and cons of true potato seed

TPS advantages TPS disadvantages

Practically pathogen Higher demand for labor during nurseryfree management and seedling transplant

100 g of TPS sows Cannot compete with a cost-efficient1 hectare of plants tuber crop

Costs US$30-60 versus Needs careful selection of tuberUS$600-900 for seed to avoid decrease in tubertraditional tubers per ha size over time

Small volumes are Number and diversity of TPSeasily transported to varieties is limited, with few eliteremote areas TPS varieties

Simple storage– From seed to tuber to table potatono cold rooms harvest takes two seasons whennecessary using TPS to produce tuber seeds in

nurseries

Can be sown almost From direct seeding or fieldany time transplanting to tubers requires

frequent irrigation in first 45-60 days

About 150,000 low-

income, small-scale potatohouseholds are making aliving buying, selling and

growing true potato seed(TPS) in northeast India,Nepal, northern Vietnam,Bangladesh, southwest Chinaand Peru. In the Tripura areain northeast India, destitutewomen are forming self-help groups that buy andgrow TPS then profitably sellthe tubers as seed. With noother means of support,these women are usingCIP’s technology to improvetheir lives.

TPS technology can beused in two ways, either bydirect sowing of the seedsand growing them up toharvest, or by using theseeds to produce seedtubers that are planted thenext season.

TPS is particularly suitablefor use in tropical and

subtropical areas where thecost of quality seed is highand the yield of the potatocrop is low. These are the

main factors limiting potatoproduction.With the specific uptake

of this approach, TPS ismaking a significantcontribution to food securityand income generation bypoor farming households. “Itis a clear example of acomplex technology beingadopted and used over asustained period,” said CIP’sgeneticist Enrique Chujoy.

Because well-establishedTPS breeding programs arealmost nonexistent in somenational agricultural researchsystems, Chujoy set aboutdeveloping improved TPSparents to increase thenumber and diversity of TPSmaterial. Using varieties andadvanced clones from CIP’sbreeding program, Chujoy

followed up previous work by starting a 4-year crossingprogram. “We were lookingfor early tuber yield,stability and late blightresistance,” he said. “Weevaluated almost 10,000clones and made 513

crosses, then went on with

C I P A R C H I V E S

329 of them to developthe traits we wanted.” As aresult, 15 new TPS parentsare now available forhybrid seed production, allof them already tested forpathogens and under in

vitro culture.




Complexsystems in the

Altiplano inPeru

Lorenzio Mamani showing some of the many varieties of potato hegrows mixed together in his fields

In a small community-runfactory in Juli on the shoresof Lake Titicaca in Peru, 70women pack fresh trout

fillets for export to Canadaand the United States, whileto the northeast in Puno adozen women sit around aspotless white table cleaningorganic quinoa for sale tomarkets in Germany. Theseapparently unrelatedactivities are two elementsin a complex CIP-run projectentitled ALTAGRO*, which istaking a systems approachto raising incomes andincreasing food security inthe high-altitude plain calledthe Altiplano between Peruand Bolivia.

The Altiplano is one of the poorest regions in theworld. Approximately 75percent of its 6 millioninhabitants live in povertyand over half live inextreme poverty. Potatoesare a central element in thelives of the people, many of whom could not exist

without the crop. Indeed,

the Altiplano/Lake Titicacaarea is now considered tobe the center of origin of domesticated potatoes. CIPis applying its researchtechnologies, in partnership

with a non-governmentalorganization called CIRNMA(Centro de Investigación deRecursos Naturales y MedioAmbiente) to establish a

model for rural developmentbased on a comprehensiveview of sustainableagriculture, whichencompasses the economic,biophysical, sociocultural andenvironmental aspects of market-orienteddevelopment.

For example, 145 kmeast of the district capitalPuno, seven small producershave banded together todevelop and market oca, alittle-known Andean tuberwith high natural levels of antioxidant anthocyanins. CIPtechnology improvedproduction from 4.5 to 8 t/ha of oca. With CIRNMA’sassistance, the producersformed a company that is

making and selling jam and juice from this sweet tuber.The end result is an increasein the income of thefamilies involved, over 300percent in some cases, an

innovative market for thetubers and a new realizationof the value of conservingthe rich local ocabiodiversity. CIP-CIRNMAstaff are also showing othercommunities how to makethe juice. Children love it, itis a valuable source of vitamins and minerals, andavoids the need to buyexpensive commercialcarbonated drinks.

Further west, in Vilque,Petronila Neyra Apasa looksout over her property. Shestill grows a wide variety of potatoes on half her fields,to be sure that she getssomething to eat, no matterwhat the weather does.However, Petronila is also





*Andean Agriculture in the Altiplano.

the president of anassociation of 95 quinoaproducers, 56 of themcertified organic. Theassociation holds monthlymeetings to train the

members and discussbusiness. CIP and CIRNMAstaff contribute expertise andknowledge; yields doubleand triple after the training.The quinoa they produce isprocessed and sold by anaffiliated organization. Theorganic quinoa is profitablyexported to the Germanmarket, which is sodemanding even the plasticsacks are lined with organic

material to stop the grainscoming into contact with theplastic packaging.

“The Andes andespecially the Peru-BoliviaAltiplano make up an areawith highly complex climatic,

sociocultural and economicconditions,” said CIRNMA’sRoberto Valdivia. “To achievedevelopment based onresearch is a long-term task.In some cases, the work we

are doing started 10 yearsago.” CIP’s long experiencein participatory approachesto integrating agriculturaltechnology produced bycommodity-oriented researchinto farming systemscombines with CIRNMA’sdevelopment assistance,supervised credit schemesand organization of microenterprises to makegood business. Ask the trout

farmers in Lake Titicaca. Thefish flourish in the cagesfloating in the cold, cleanwaters of the lake. The linkshave been made fromproducers to markets, in thiscase Canada.


R .V A L D I V I A ( C I R N MA )



Schoolgardens

promoteorange-fleshed

sweetpotatoin Uganda

Children’s natural

curiosity and schoolgardens have turned out tobe very effective in

encouraging local people inUganda to incorporateorange-fleshedsweetpotatoes (OFSP) intotheir diets. With a variety of collaborators, CIP developed

ways to introduce andpromote OFSP in primaryschools in Eastern Africa. Theproject, a part of CIP’s

partnership program Vitamin Afor Africa, worked through 11schools in urban and peri-urban areas of Kawempe andRubaga divisions of Kampala totransfer and disseminate OFSP

Orange-fleshed

sweetpotatoprogram in

Africa winsCGIAR award

CIP’s work with the

nongovernmental organization

Helen Keller International and the

HarvestPlus Challenge Program won

a $30,000 award at the 2006 CGIARAnnual Meeting for the orange-

fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP)

program in Africa.

CGIAR had organized an

Innovation Marketplace at the

meeting to acknowledge and learn

from innovative collaboration

between civil-society organizations

and the CGIAR centers. Over 70

groups presented their work, with

five awards to be won.The Innovation Marketplace

Award was awarded to the

collaborative project “Promoting

Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato to

Improve Child Survival and Food

Security in Africa.”

The jury particularly

recognized:

How the partnership was innovative

in strengthening food security

through successfully linkingagriculture with nutrition and

health

The enormous potential for scaling

up this project within the African

continent and even globally.


Ugandan children plantingsweetpotato in their school garden

V I T A A




OFSPpopular inSouth Asia

varieties and rapid vinemultiplication technologiesto the surroundingcommunities.

In Africa, vitamin Adeficiency is one of theleading causes of earlychildhood death and a majorrisk factor for pregnantwomen. More than 3 millionchildren under the age of five suffer from vitamin A-related blindness in theregion and 50 million are atrisk from the condition.Adding 100 g of orange-fleshed sweetpotato to thedaily diet provides enoughvitamin A for children anddramatically reduces thematernal mortality rate.Pioneered and led by theInternational Potato Center(CIP), the Vitamin APartnership for Africa (VITAA)is promoting the increasedproduction and use of theorange varieties to combatvitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa.

By growing the OFSP

vines in school gardens, andeducating the children andpeople in the surroundingcommunities about the

advantages of eating theorange varieties, thetechnology spread rapidly inthe areas. Children proved tobe excellent communicationchannels between theschools and the communitymembers. The children’sinquisitiveness andenthusiasm were key inquick information delivery toa wide audience,strengthening relationsbetween schools and thecommunity. Introduction of special days for schoollunches depending on theavailability of mature OFSP inthe school gardens attractedthe attendance of morepupils to the schools. Pupilsleaving the primary level alsotook the OFSP technologiesand promoted them in theirrespective secondary schools.

The availability of OFSPplanting material in the

Orange-fleshed sweetpotatoes are also attracting many

consumers in the Indian subcontinent, as CIP introduces it

there. The varieties are proving so popular that most of the

product is being eaten by the OFSP-growing communities

before it reaches the market. CIP staff are working with

local collaborators to increase production to meet demand.

“OFSPs are now part of the rural livelihood in South India,”

said CIP’s Sreekanth Attahuri, who is working in the Orissa

area. Local authorities are interested in making OFSPavailable to children in the schools and national institutes

are looking at the qualitative and bioavailability aspects of

the varieties. “CIP and our partners are concentrating now

on market chains and value-added campaigns to bring

OFSPs to the users more quickly,” said Sreekanth.

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communities that surroundedthe schools increased, withover 80 percent of farmers inthe areas having easy access to

vines. Awareness increasedabout OFSP as a vitamin Asource amongst 6,000 farmersand more than 4,000 pupils.

Farmers, children, teachers,community and governmentorganizations and extensionagents are using thetechnology in Kampala, Ugandaand beyond. By 2006, over 80percent of the 1,000respondents in the project areahad grown and consumedOFSP, compared to 1 percentin 2004. Over 600 farmfamilies have actually grownand consumed OFSP while250,000 pupils and childrenhave eaten OFSP. Trainingprograms increased the impact;about 51 percent of farmersinvolved establishedmultiplication plots. Now thepartner organizations areapplying the knowledge andskills learned in the project totheir own work programs.



Geospatialanalysis assists

free tradenegotiators in

Panama

The Panamanian

government is usingsoftware tools developed byCIP to assist in the decision

whether to enter into a freetrade agreement with theUnited States.

CIP provided technicalsupport to an EcoregionalFund project led by theInstituto de InvestigaciónAgropecuaria de Panamá(IDIAP), with the Ministriesof Agriculture, Health andthe Environment, and severalother national groups, todevelop a set of analyticaltools to predict what impacta free trade agreementwould have on farmers inthe country. The DirectorateGeneral of InternationalCooperation in theNetherlands providedfunding.

Building on previouswork, Roberto Quiroz, leaderof CIP’s Division of NaturalResources Management,worked with other projectmembers to combine

research results with

southwest Panama, one of the most importantagricultural areas in thecountry. This work allowed

local partners to identify aseries of agroecologicalzones, assess thevulnerability of the farmingsystems in the watershedand simulate the impact of trade liberalization ondifferent commodities. It waspossible to predict theeconomic viability andenvironmental sustainabilityof different commodities indifferent zones.

Applying the modelsgave some good news andsome bad news. IDIAPscientists showed that byadopting new technology,especially using mixed grass-legume pastures, farmerscould produce beef at

competitive prices in aliberalized market, not onlyfor the national but forexport markets as well. For

milk production, thelowlands would not becompetitive, but the upperwatershed, if reconverted toan intensive grass-legumegrazing pasture, couldcompete to retain thenational market, although fullintensification would becostly.

A similar analysis wasapplied to potato, which isone of the most importanthorticultural crops in thewatershed. Potato modelscalibrated for CIP materialswere used to assess

Land use in the Chiriquí Viejo

Watershed southwest Panamacourtesy Roberto Quiroz


geospatial data and soil,climate, land use and marketinformation to analyze theChiriquí Viejo watershed in




management strategiesunder free trade pricescenarios. Local researchersand the private potato

industry determined that toretain the national potatomarket, farmers would haveto produce at least 35tonnes of potato per hectare(up from 26 t/ha) at amaximum cost of US$0.16per kg, which might bepossible in the wet seasonbut would be unrealistic atother times.

The main point is thatthe approach yielded firm,reliable information thatcould be used withconfidence in assessing theimpact and implications of afree trade agreement. Onbalance the current evidencesuggests that a regional ormultilateral agreement

through the World TradeOrganization, rather than abilateral deal with the UnitedStates, would be more

advantageous to Panama.Potato and other horticulturalcrops have been classified assensitive commodities andwill be tariff-protected for aperiod if any deal is signed.

The work has had furtherbenefits and impact. TheMinistry of Agriculture hasassigned funds to IDIAP toconduct similar analyses infive important watersheds inthe country. “The innovativetools for geospatial analysisused and the modeling toevaluate the competitivenessof agronegotiations and theassociated environmentalrisks, contribute significantlyto the analysis of the Pan-American agricultural sector,”

Actual 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Landuse

2.252.001.75

1.501.251.000.750.500.250.00

IPM Pasture

Subbasinmg liter-1

said Benjamín Name,Subdirector General of IDIAP.“We need to count on thistype of analysis because

under the actual conditions of globalization and theeconomies of open markets,the future of our agriculturalsector seems to be at risk.”

The Panama CanalAuthority will conduct asimilar study in the PanamaCanal Watershed, thecountry’s most lucrative asset.“Modern technology andsystems analysis offer Panamaand other countries anopportunity to identifyagroecological areas andagricultural products that arebest suited to enhance thecapacity of their agriculturalsector to compete successfullyin an open market economy,”said Roberto Quiroz.

Subbasinmg liter-1

2.50

2.001.50

1.00

0.50

0.001 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5

Subbasin





CIP outputs,outcomesand impact

CIP outputs,outcomesand impact



This section reports the results of the CGIAR Research Performance Measurement System forCIP for 2006.

CIP Outputs - 2006Percent of output targets achieved: 95.45 percent

CIP Outcomes - 2006

Outcome 1: Developing new products from native potatoesAn innovative method of participation developed by CIP’s Papa Andina partnership program

was used to bring together farmers and private market chain groups to create trust andstimulate innovation. A participatory methodology was used to develop new marketopportunities for small farmers, taking advantage of the potato biodiversity in the Andes.Specifically, an agreement, negotiated in a climate of trust between the farmers and traders,motivated the farmers to invest time and resources in growing and packaging native potatovarieties. The marketing chain was completed when Wong, one of the largest supermarketchains in Peru, contracted to sell the product. This created a new market niche and yieldedhigher prices for farmers’ crops.

This approach led to the launching of a new native potato product, called T’ikapapa.Farmers produce and package specially selected high quality tubers of native potato varietiesfor sale at premium prices in supermarkets thus receiving higher farm-gate prices andincreased profits. (2005 MTP, Project 7, Division 1 – Output 3 (1-3)).

Peruvian consumers, small scale farmers, market chain partners and Wong supermarkets,especially in Lima, used the output.

Producing and selling T’ikapapa is yielding a new livelihood and profits for the farmers,distributors and the Wong supermarket chain. Peruvian consumers buy the product, small-scale farmers produce it, market chain partners ship it and Wong markets and sells it.

T’ikapapa potatoes have been available in most branches of Wong supermarkets in Perufor many months. Copies of media articles and photographs of T’ikapapa in the supermarketare available, as are data on volume of sales and prices of potato. The United Nations hasnominated the T’ikapapa initiative as one of the ten finalists for the Supporting Entrepreneursfor Environment and Development (Seed) Awards 2007 from 230 proposals from 70countries (see http://www.cipotato.org/pressroom/press_releases_detail.asp?cod=33).

Outcome 2: Remote sensing techniques and data used in free

trade negotiation by PanamaTechnical collaboration between CIP and the Government of Panama applied a package of remote-sensing techniques to identify competitive advantages and tradeoffs withenvironmental indicators for agroecological areas and agricultural products that are bestsuited to enhance the capacity of their agricultural sector to successfully compete in an openmarket economy. The results were used by the Panamanian government in negotiations withthe USA to develop a free trade agreement, which will have a significant positive effect onthe Panamanian agricultural sector, as trade restrictions would be eliminated. The tropical





highlands dedicated to horticulture and dairy were used as a case study to demonstratewhether the industries could compete under the rules of free trade agreements.

A CIP-developed package of computer-assisted and remote-sensing analytical techniquesand tools developed through CIP’s ecoregional research and system and tradeoff analyses.

(First identified in MTP 2003-2005. CIP Division 5.)The output was adopted by the Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria de Panamá, MIDA(Ministerio de Desarrollo Agropecuario, and several other organizations in Panama.

Panamanian Free Trade negotiators are using the information produced, which identifiesagro-ecozones, assesses the vulnerability of the farming systems in a selected watershed, andsystematizes research results into simulation models to assess the impact of technologyadoption on the competitiveness of selected commodities (beef, milk and potato) in aliberalized market. The analysis was complemented with the assessment of the environmentalcost in term of soil erosion and water quality, both under actual practices and futurescenarios. The output encouraged Panamanian authorities to conduct similar analyses in otherwatersheds and use the results as input information for the free trade negotiations.

Outcome 3: Utilization of advanced populations to identifypromising clones in variety selection trials invarious countries: case of potato

National programs of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan identified high yielding potato varieties for usein the countries among elite germplasm dispatched from CIP.

30 new elite clones with high levels of resistance to viruses and excellent cooking andprocessing quality were introduced to Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Local breeders were trainedin sanitation procedures during micropropagation in laboratory and further work underscreenhouse conditions; transplanting of in vitro plants under proper seedbed conditions usingsubstrate locally available; rapid multiplication techniques (stem cutting and apical cuttingtechniques); transplanting and cultivation methodologies developed.

In Tajikistan, local researchers assessed yield and quality of introduced clones and

advanced the best selections to subsequent year’s variety trials. In Uzbekistan, scientistsassessed yield and quality of introduced clones and advanced the best selections tosubsequent year’s variety trials.

In the laboratory of the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Dushanbe, Tajikistan, in

vitro plants were transplanted into farmers’ fields in the highlands of Faizabad district, byresearchers of the Research Institute of Horticulture, Dushanbe. Farmers participated in fieldpreparation, transplanting of in vitro clones, and other cultural practices. At harvest, theirpreferences were taken into consideration. In Uzbekistan, 34 in vitro clones supplied by CIPLima were multiplied in the laboratory of the Biotechnology Dept. of Tashkent State AgrarianUniversity. A total of 31,210 minitubers were produced, which were planted in the highlandsof Tashkent in a research site belonging to the Institute of Vegetables, Melon and Potato,based in Tashkent.

Outcome 4: Impact of orange-fleshed sweetpotato onnutrition in Mozambique

An action research project using CIP-developed orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) led byMichigan State University included a strong behavioral change campaign on modifying childfeeding practices and diversifying the household diet that accompanied the introduction of CIP-developed OFSP varieties into the diets. This resulted in improved nutritional status anddiet diversity for young children targeted by the intervention. Public awareness efforts




persuaded people to plant OFSP varieties and ensure that the most vulnerable householdmembers (women and young children) ate them, markets were developed using qualitystandards to encourage people to produce quality surplus roots for sale

CIP OFSP varieties were introduced into the region; public awareness and training

campaigns encouraged the use of the varieties. MTP 2003-2005. 498 resource-poorhouseholds in drought-prone areas of central Mozambique used the output.In the first food-based efficiency study conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa, vitamin A intake

was almost eight times higher among children eating OFSP than control children, and theirserum retinol concentrations were doubled. The dietary quality of children and farmers wereimproved and a third of the households studied were marketing OFSP.

Outcome 5: Introduction of sweetpotato as animal feed intothe cropping systems in the dry forests inNorthwestern Peru

New CIP-developed dual-purpose sweetpotato varieties have been introduced into the

cropping system and adopted as animal feed by goat farmers in the dry forests innorthwestern Peru.

Crop-livestock technologies, dual-purpose sweetpotato varieties and management practicesfor alleviating poverty and making production systems more sustainable, first identified in theMTP 2003-2005.

Small livestock farmers in the dry forests in Piura in northwestern Peru used the output.Dual-purpose sweet potato varieties have been introduced into cropping systems for use

as animal feed. This feed source, which is new to the area, benefits the nutrition, health andproductivity of the goats, decreases the degradation of the dry forests in northwestern Peruand raises farmer incomes.





CIP Impacts - 2006

X= CIP response

3A: I. Criterion 1: ex post IA studies/Advancement of epIAmethods (70%)

A) Please provide the full citation of all epIA studies1 published in 2006 that attempt toassess major impacts attributed to your Center’s work and provide summary informationdescribing the main results/indicator(s) of impact.

1. Fuglie, K.O. 2006. The Impact of Potato and Sweet Potato on Poverty in Asia. In FarmingA Way Out of Poverty: Forgotten Crops and Marginal Populations in Asia and the Pacific (R,ed. R. Bourgeois, L. Svensson and M. Burrows, 201-226). CAPSA Monograph No. 48, UN

ESCAP Center for Alleviation of Poverty through Secondary Crops in Asia (CAPSA), Bogor,Indonesia.Main result/indicators of impact reported by the study (i.e., adoption, estimates of incomeeffect, other effects, poverty impacts, environmental impacts, IRR, etc.)

CIP has collaborated with Asian researchers on potato and sweetpotato improvement sincemid-1970s. Major impacts include potato variety Cooperation 88 planted on 100,000+hectares and sweetpotato virus-free planting material, adopted on 800,000+ hectares inChina. Multiplier effects from higher agricultural production are 1.3 to 1.5 times directimpacts. Economic impact in China from CIP-related technology of US$ 370-420 million peryear benefited 9.6+ million poor persons. Per capita benefits (PPP$0.046-0.165/capita/day)from this technology exceeded the “poverty gap” for China. Thus, adoption of improvedpotato and sweetpotato technologies could potentially lift China’s extreme poor above thePPP$1/day poverty threshold.

Publication venue: X Book chapter(Co-) Authorship: X Center only scientistsEpIA coverage: X Commodity improvementDistance down the impact pathway covered by the study: X Ultimate impact (poverty, foodsecurity, environment)Geographical breadth of impacts assessed by the study: X Multiple countries (~ 2-5)assessmentAdvances in new methods/models for epIA embodied in the study: X Addresses multipliereffects (other sectors); X Employs novel methods (combines quantitative & qualitative,participatory approaches, etc.)

2. Fuglie, K.O., Jiang Xie, Jianjun Hu, Gang Huang, and Yi Wang. 2006. Processing

Industry Development and Sweet Potato in China. In Farming A Way Out of Poverty :Forgotten Crops and Marginal Populations in Asia and the Pacific, ed. R. Bourgeois, L.Svensson and M. Burrows, 311-332. CAPSA Monograph No. 48, UN ESCAP Center forAlleviation of Poverty through Secondary Crops in Asia (CAPSA), Bogor, Indonesia,Main result/indicators of impact reported by the study (i.e., adoption, estimates of incomeeffect, other effects, poverty impacts, environmental impacts, IRR, etc.)

The Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences and CIP improved designs for small-scalestarch and noodle processing equipment. By 2005, more than 12,000 machinery units were




sold generating sales revenue of over 40 million Yuan. About 2.1 million tons of sweetpotatoroots (12 percent production) were processed into starch and other products in 2004 inSichuan. This processing increased average market price of sweetpotato by 12 percent andraised average market price for sweetpotato by an estimated 12 to 30 percent. The total

impact on income of farm families and small, rural enterprises was at least 282 million Yuan/year.

B) For each completed epIA study listed in I.A above, please provide the relevant informationunder each component (check the appropriate item)Publication venue: X Book chapter(Co-) Authorship: X With NARS scientistsEpIA coverage: X Commodity improvement; X Policy relatedDistance down the impact pathway covered by the study: X Intermediate impacts (improvedyield/quality, lower risk, higher income, conserve resources, increase market access/efficiency,develop human capacity)Geographical breadth of impacts assessed by the study: X Single location within singlecountry assessmentAdvances in new methods/models for epIA embodied in the study: X Addresses multipliereffects (other sectors)

3. Walker, T.S. and K.O. Fuglie. 2006. Prospects for Enhancing Value of Crops ThroughPublic-Sector Research: Lessons From Experiences With Roots and Tubers. Social SciencesWorking Paper 2006-1. Lima Peru: International Potato Center. pp. 19.Main result/indicators of impact reported by the study (i.e., adoption, estimates of incomeeffect, other effects, poverty impacts, environmental impacts, IRR, etc.)

This paper reviews a) the experience of the US public agricultural research program toincrease utilization of potato and sweetpotato and b) the impact of research on storage,processing, and new product development at CIP. Over the past 25 years, CIP has made amodest but continuing investment in post-harvest research in both crops. However, in boththe U.S. and CIP experiences, clear-cut successes of public sector post-harvest research are

hard to identify–sweetpotato in China is one of the few successes. A key lesson is that theCGIAR should approach agricultural post-harvest research cautiously and selectively.

B) For each completed epIA study listed in I.A above, please provide the relevant informationunder each component (check the appropriate item)Publication venue: X In-house publication (not reviewed externally)(Co-) Authorship: X Center only scientistsEpIA coverage: X Commodity improvementDistance down the impact pathway covered by the study: X Uptake/adoption (field surveys)Geographical breadth of impacts assessed by the study: X Multi-locations (regions) withinsingle country assessmentAdvances in new methods/models for epIA embodied in the study: -

4. Yanggen, D. and Nagujja, S. 2006. The use of orange-fleshed sweetpotato to combatVitamin A deficiency in Uganda. A study of varietal preferences, extension strategies andpost-harvest utilization. Working Paper 2006-2. International Potato Center (CIP), 80 p.Main result/indicators of impact reported by the study (i.e., adoption, estimates of incomeeffect, other effects, poverty impacts, environmental impacts, IRR, etc.)

A Vitamin A enrichment program (VITAA) with orange fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) began in2002, promoting consumption of OFSP and production technologies. By 2005 only 3.3percent of sweetpotato area was planted to OFSP varieties. Given the presence of local





landraces, the area due to VITAA work is likely to be 1-2 percent. Uptake was much higherclose to pilot sites, suggesting adoption potential is much greater. The study found OFSP has25 percent lower yields than other varieties. Drought susceptibility was major limitationreported by farmers indicating that breeding for drought resistance should be a research

priority

B) For each completed epIA study listed in I.A above, please provide the relevant informationunder each component (check the appropriate item)Publication venue: X In-house publication (not reviewed externally)(Co-) Authorship: X Center only scientistsEpIA coverage: X Commodity improvementDistance down the impact pathway covered by the study: X Uptake/adoption (field surveys);X Ultimate impact (poverty, food security, environment)Geographical breadth of impacts assessed by the study: X Multi-locations (regions) withinsingle country assessmentAdvances in new methods/models for epIA embodied in the study: X Addresses multipliereffects (other sectors); X Employs novel methods (combines quantitative and qualitative,participatory approaches, etc.)

C) Please provide an estimate of the following:1. Annual budget/expenditures devoted to epIA work in your Center in 2006: US$ 150,000OR2. Number of full time equivalent staff devoted to epIA work in your Center in 2006: 0.00

3A: II. Criterion 2: Building an IA culture at the Center (20%)

A) Please provide a list of internal workshops convened by the Center’s impact assessmentunit/specialists within the past year to help assess the expected impacts of planned andongoing research of the Center (for each, describe the theme and number of Center

participants): Workshops List provided

B) Please provide two examples of systematic evaluation of user relevance of Centerresearch outputs produced within the past year such as early adoption/influence studies (maxof 100 words for describing data collection, analysis, and major finding for each example)In 2002, INNOVA, a project managed by CIP in Bolivia proposed validating ten technologiesfor natural resource management with farmers, and began developing methods to comparethis supply of technology with farmer demand, as discussed in the following section. Theresearchers used several methods to evaluate the technologies with farmers: FarmerResearch Committee, Technology Evaluation Groups (GETs), Sondeo and “Back and Forth”.These provided a coherent set of methods for linking the supply and demand for technology.Feedback from farmers generated by the methods was systematically recorded. The methodsevolved over the following three years improving understanding of the relevance of the

technology and to a series of changes in the technology itself.

C) Please provide specific examples of how empirical epIA findings have been applied as abasis for quantitative ex-ante impact projections that contribute to the Center’s priority-setting procedures, or have been used to validate earlier ex ante work.True Potato Seed (TPS) was initially promoted as a widely adoptable technology as analternative to clonal potato seed. Ex post impact studies of TPS showed lower and in somecases negative rates of return, indicating that TPS was a niche technology for situationswhere reasonable quality clonal seed was not economically available (Chilver, 2005). These




findings were factored into CIP’s 2006 Priority Setting Exercise which estimated a greatlyreduced adoption ceiling for TPS of about 250,000 ha (Fuglie, 2007).

During the 2006 Priority Setting Exercise we assessed research and dissemination costs forCIP technologies (Fuglie, 2007). To help assess these costs we drew upon CIP’s ex post

impact assessment studies. Costs were highest for knowledge intensive technologies likeintegrated crop management (about US$80/ha of adoption area), and lowest for varietalchange (US $16/ha) while the cost of seed system improvement was somewhere in between(US $50/ha). These costs were included in the benefit-cost analysis which underpins thepriority setting, and so influenced overall conclusions about where CIP should direct itsresearch investment.

D) Please provide specific examples of establishment of baseline studies to providecounterfactuals for future epIAA baseline survey was carried out in 2006 prior to an intervention to test different strategiesfor promoting orange-fleshed sweetpotato in Mozambique. Twenty-four numerators andsupervisors were trained. The socioeconomic component collected information on: householdcomposition and education level, employment, land possession, farm production and sales,sources of knowledge about farming, food expenditures and consumption, sweet potatoconsumption, non-food expenditures and consumption, and nutritional knowledge. Thenutrition component collected anthropometrical measurements, food frequency with focus onvitamin A and fat sources); 24 hour-recall of food intake, child feeding practices, childimmunization, 2-week morbidity recall and fertility history of mother.

A baseline survey was carried out in 2006 in five cantons (counties) of Ecuador prior tobroad-based interventions to promote healthy and sustainable potato production. Farmers andhealth personnel were trained in each canton, and 481 households were surveyed with adiversity of potato production systems. Demographic and agricultural production data, severalaspects of the FAO Code of Conduct and pesticide-related health outcomes were recorded.Substantial quantities of highly toxic Class Ib and II pesticides were used in 2 of 5 cantons.Less than 50 percent of farmers possessed knowledge of IPM. The pesticide-related healthoutcome revealed depressed neurological scores.

A baseline study of Persistent Organic Pollutant (POPs) Pesticides in Andean farming

communities in Peru was carried out in 2006 in five hotspots of pesticide use prior topromoting IPM. 693 farmers and 140 professionals involved in pesticide use were surveyed.Information was collected on pesticide use, knowledge of pesticides and poisonings. Mostfarmers use pesticides containing highly toxic methamidophos to control potato and maizeinsect pests. On average, 25 percent of the farmers interviewed in the hotspots havesuffered severe poisoning from using pesticides, for the most part organophosphatepesticides and carbamates.

3A: III. Criterion 3: Communication/dissemination and capacityenhancement (10%)

A) Please specify how the findings of epIAs have been disseminated in 2006:1. Number of epIA briefs published (not general M&E briefs): 12. Dissemination of epIA findings in popular media (number of stories published): 13. Dissemination of major IA findings through the Center website/IA webpage (indicatenumber of hits/visits/downloads of IA related reports/articles): 04. Any other method of dissemination of epIA findings used in 2006: Results of impact studyof sweetpotato and its use for pig feeding were covered in the article “Earning money fromsweetpotato and pigs in Vietnam” in CIP’s 2005 Annual Report which appeared last year.





B) Please specify your Center’s efforts in building capacity in IA in 2006:1. Number of IA related conferences/workshops conducted for external audiences in 2006(e.g., NARS scientists): 32. Number of IA related training materials developed: 0

3. Number of IA visiting specialist from a NARS hosted: 04. Any other IA related capacity building efforts in 2006: Not applicable.

3A: IV. Other

Please list/describe any other impact-related activity or outcome of 2006 that you believewarrants consideration in this exercise but is not covered in any previous criteria/questions(Modifier to overall score)CIP’s Vision Exercise reorganized the research agenda around the Millennium DevelopmentGoals and created an Impact Enhancement Division to assure achievement. Baseline surveysand impact assessment now play a central role in steering the overall R&D paradigm,stimulating a more vigorous impact culture and a greater concern by individual scientists of how to get and measure impact. Impact measurement has broadened to include poverty andhealth impacts. CIP is experimenting with new metrics for impact measurement, some of which were used in the priority assessment and these are now guiding the planning of future impact assessment.

3B: SC/SPIA rating of two Center impact studies carried out in theperiod 2003-05 for rigor

Two impact studies provided

CIP quality and relevance of currentresearch - 20064A : Number of peer-reviewed publications per scientist in 2006 (excluding articles published

in journals listed in the Thomson Scientific/ ISI): 0.28 papers per scientist (See Appendixto this section)

4B: Number of peer-reviewed publications per scientist in 2006 that are published in journalslisted in Thomson Scientific/ISI: 0.90 papers per scientist*

4C: Percentage of scientific papers per scientist that are published with developing country

partners in refereed journals, conference and workshop proceedings in 2006: 0.28percent of scientific papers.

* See Appendix (p. 70 et seq.) for list




CIP institutional health - 2006

5A: GovernanceX= CIP Response

Board Composition and

Structure (as of December

31, 2006)

5A.1) What is the percent of Board leadership (Chair, ViceChair and StandingCommittee Chairs) withdeveloping country origin?• 0 percent

• 1-20 percentX 21-40 percent• 41-60 percent• Over 60 percent

2) What percent of Boardmembership positions areoccupied by women?• 0 percent• 1-20 percentX 21-40 percent• 41-60 percent• Over 60 percent

3) What percent of Boardmembership positions areoccupied by individualswhose organizations areeither direct recipients of Center funds OR whoseorganization are contributorsto the CGIAR (and the Boardmember is in direct lineresponsibility of CGIARfunds)?X 0-10 percent• 11-20 percent

• 21-30 percent• 31-40 percent• Over 51 percent

4) How many Boardmembers have professionalqualification in financialmanagement?X 0

• 1• 2• 3 or more

5) How many Boardmembers have professionalexpertise in corporate, non-profit or public governance?• 0-1• 2-3• 4-5X 6 or more

6) Is the Center DirectorGeneral a member of theNominating Committee?• YesX No

Board Practice

7) Have all new Boardmembers (who started theirterms in 2005 or 2006)attended a CGIAR Board

Orientation Program?X Yes• Noattended a comprehensivecenter-specific orientationprogram?X Yes• No

8) Has the Board conducteda self-assessment in 2006?X Yes• No

9) Was the full Boardengaged in the annualperformance assessment of the Board Chair?X Yes, the full Board• Yes, less than the fullBoard• No

10) Is there a formal processin place for evaluating Boardmembers beforereappointment?X Yes• No

11) How often did the fullBoard and the ExecutiveCommittee meet in 2006(including virtual meetings)?No. of meetings of fullboard: 3No. of meetings of Executive Committee: 1

12) Has the Centercompleted a Boardcommissioned CCER onCenter governance andmanagement during 2004-2006?X Yes• No

13) Does the Board have aclear strategy forcommunicating withstakeholders (includingCGIAR Members, otherCenters, Partners)?X Yes• NoDetermining the Center’smission and strategy

14) In 2006, has the entire

Board been engaged inreviewing, approving andguiding major institute-wideplans (i.e., MTP)?X Yes - Fully• Yes - Partially• No





Program Oversight

15) In 2006, did the Boarddiscuss and act on anysignificant deviations from

previously announced targetsand strategic goals for 2005as defined in the MTP?X Yes - Fully• Yes - Partially• No

16) Does the Board have anapproved schedule for CCERson program matters?• YesX No

17) In 2006, did the Boardmonitor actions taken inresponse to CCERs andEPMRs?X Yes - Fully• Yes - Partially• No

Financial Oversight

18) Is there, in Board-approved documents, a clearpolicy on the delegations of authority from the Board tothe director General which

indicates those financialtransactions for which theapproval of the Board isnecessary, and those forwhich decision is delegatedto the Director General?X Yes• No

19) Is there a Boardapproved investment policyin place?X Yes

• No

20) Has the Board rotatedexternal auditors in line withthe CGIAR policy?X Yes• No

21) Does the full Board

receive information on keyfinancial indicators on aquarterly or more frequentbasis?

X Yes• No

22) In 2006, did the Boarddiscuss and act on anysignificant deviations (morethan 10 percent) from thebudget planned for 2005?X Yes• No• No deviationsSetting and reinforcingethical standards, values andpolicies

23) Is it Board practice tohave each Board memberdeclare potential conflicts of interest ahead of eachmeeting?X Yes• No

24) Has the Board discussed/reviewed the Centershuman resource policiesduring 2005-2006?

X Yes• No

25) In 2006, has the Boardreceived and reviewedCenter staffing numbers andtrends (including consultantsand gender and diversityinformation)?X Yes• No

26) Has the Board reviewed

the adequacy of theCenter’s risk managementand internal controlmechanisms as an explicitBoard meeting agenda itemduring 2005-2006?X Yes• No

27) Is there a boardapproved grievance policy?X Yes• No

28) Is there a boardapproved “whistle blowing”policy?• YesX NoEnsuring strong andcontinuous leadership of Centers

29) Do Board membersother than the Board Chairparticipate in the annualperformance appraisal of theDG, including decisions oncompensation?X Yes, fully• Yes, partially• No

30) Is there a currentsuccession plan for seniormanagement?X Yes• NoDisclosure, Transparency andAccountability

31) Is the following Centerinformation publicly available(e.g., on the Centerwebsite)?- the Center’s currentMedium-Term-PlanX Yes• No- Financial performance of the Center (i.e., as disclosedin the Center AnnualReport)

X Yes• No- Staff compensationstructure (i.e., salary scalesfor different grades of staff)• YesX No- the latest Center ExternalProgram and Management




Review (including Centerresponse)X Yes• No

- Minutes of the CenterBoard Meetings (concerningnon-confidential agendaitems)• YesX No

32) Does the Center have aformal code of conduct /ethical principles (includingconflict of interest rules) forstaff, managers and boardmembers?X Yes, fully enforced• Yes, partially enforced• Yes, but not enforced• No

33) Are your procurementpolicies and theirimplementation fullyconsistent with the CGIARGuidelines on Procurementof Goods, Works andServices (FG 6)?• Yes, fully enforcedX Yes, partially enforced

• Yes, but not enforced• No

5B: Board Statements

Statement on Governance

In 2006, the Board of

Trustees of the

International Potato

Center took several

actions aimed at

improving Board

oversight; two are

described below.

Frequency of Board

meetings. Historically, theCIP Board has held onemeeting per year. It wasagreed that beginning in2006 the Board would moveto four meetings per year.The annual face-to-face

meeting at CIP headquartersin Lima (in April) would bemaintained. A second face-to-face meeting would be

held each year (in October)in one of the regions,allowing the Board to visitwith regionally-based staff and review program work inthe regions. The other twomeetings will be conductedby teleconference (inJanuary and July). Each of the four meetings is timedin order to review theformal quarterly financialstatement, financial reportand DG’s report to theBoard. It is expected thatmore frequent meetings bythe Board will stimulategreater and more continualengagement and oversightby Board members.

Strategic planning. For thefirst time (in April 2006) theBoard conducted a day-longretreat–apart from the formalBusiness meeting andprogram meetings that are

normally conducted at theface-to-face meetings. Theobjective of the meetingwas to create the space toaddress long-term (visionand strategic) issues facingthe Center. The Boardagreed to make this aregular practice and expectsthis will assist the Board inreviewing mission, vision,values and strategicplanning.

5C: Culture of learning

and change1) Staff surveysa. Has the Center conducteda staff satisfaction and/orattitude survey of ALL staff in 2005 or 2006, where theresults were shared with

staff?X Yes• Nob. If yes, did the survey

result in specific action plansto improve staff satisfactionand /or attitudes?X Yes• No

2) Leadership developmentprograma. Does the Center have anactive leadershipdevelopment programcovering current andprospective staff inmanagerial positions?• Yes, for current ANDprospective staff • Yes, for current staff • Yes, for prospective staff X No

3) Individual learning plansa. Does the staff appraisalsystem include thedevelopment and followupof annual individual learningplans?X Yes

• Nob. Does the Center have amentoring program foryoung scientists?X Yes• No

4) Staff developmentactivitiesa. What percentage of theoverall 2006 budget wasspent for attendance atinternational conferences or

professional societymeetings or for a shortsabbatical at a university,etc?• 0–0.5 percent• 0.51–1.0 percentX 1.1–2.0 percent• 2.1–3 percent





• More than 3 percentb. What percentage of theoverall 2006 budget wasspent on staff training (e.g.

computer, language, projectmanagement, leadershiptraining etc.)?X 0–0.5 percent• 0.51–1.0 percent• 1.1 percent–2.0 percent• 2.1 percent–3 percent• More than 3 percentc. Considering staff trainingonly (question 5C–4b), whatis the total number of training days in 2006 for allIRS staff, divided by the totalnumber of IRS staff?X Less than 1• 1–2.5• 2.6–4.5• 4.6–6.5• 6.6–8• More than 8d. Considering staff trainingonly, what is the totalnumber of training days in2006 for all NRS staff,divided by the total numberof NRS staff?• Less than 1

• 1–2.5X 2.6–4.5• 4.6–6.5• 6.6–8• More than 8

5) On average, how manydays did an IRS staff spendin 2006 on programplanning and review?• 0–2.0• 2.1–3.0• 3.1–4.0

• 4.1–5.0X More than 5

6) Completed CCERs in2004-2006a. How many Boardcommissioned CCERs onprogram-related matterswere completed in 2004-06?

• 0 X 1• 2 • 3• 4 or moreb. What is the percentage of

your program budget(average for 2004-2006) thathas been covered by CCERscompleted in 2004-06?X 0-30 percent• 31-50 percent• 51-70 percent• 71-90 percent• Over 90 percent

7) Partnershipsa. How many SWPs/CPs wasthe Center actively engagedin as a partner during 2006?• Less than 3• 3-6X 7-10• More than 11b. How many new andsubstantive partnerships didthe Center establish withexternal partners (e.g.National AgriculturalResearch Institutes, CivilSociety Organizations) in2006? 28 (No. of NEWpartnerships)

Please list names of up to 3new partner organizationsDepartment of Agricultureand Livestock (DAL),Solomon IslandsDepartment of AgriculturalResearch Services (DARS),and Extension Services(DAES), Ministry of Agriculture, MalawiInstituto de InvestigacaoAgraria, Mozambique

8) Do you systematicallypreserve research projectdata (primary and secondarydata sets), includingdocumentation on the dataand project?X Yes, we have some, butnot all, of the researchproject data preserved and

these are internally available

5D, 5E, 5F, 5G: Diversity

5D) Gender diversity goals:

Does your Center haveBoard approved genderdiversity goals?X Yes• No

5E) Percentage of women inmanagement (Percent of management positions,either research or non-research, occupied bywomen as of 31. December2006). 27.00 percent

5F) IRS Nationalityconcentration:Percentage of internationally-recruited staff that comefrom the top two countriesrepresented in the IRS staff nationality list for the Center(as of December 31, 2006).Please also indicate theNationality.First nationality: 17.00percent - Nationality: PeruSecond nationality: 12.00

percent - Nationality:Germany

5G) Diversity in recency of PhDs:Percentage of scientistsreceiving their PhD duringthe last five years (2002-2006). 22.00 percent




Appendix. List of publications

Indicator 4B: Number of peer-reviewed publications per scientistin 2006 that are published in journals listed inThomson Scientific

1. Almekinders, C. J. M., Thiele, G. and Danial, D. 2006. Can Cultivars from participatoryplant breeding improve seed provision to small-scale farmers? Euphytica, 153:363-372.

2. Bentley, J. W., Priou, S., Aley, P., Correa, J., Torres, R., Equise, H., Quiruchi, J. L. andBarea, O. 2006. Method, Creativity and CIALs. International Journal of AgriculturalResources Governance and Ecology, 5 (1):90-105.

3. Bruskiewich, R., Davenport, G., Hazekamp, T., Metz, T., Ruiz, M., Simon, R., Takeya, M.,Lee, J., Senger, M., McLaren, G., Hintum. (2006). Generation Challenge Programme (GCP):Standards for Crop Data OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology, 10 (2): 215-9 http://

www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/omi.2006.10.2154. Buijs, J., Martinet, M., de Mendiburu, F., Ghislain, M. 2006. Potential adoption andmanagement of insect-resistant potato in Peru, and implications for geneticallyengineered potato. Environmental Biosafety Research, 4 (3):179-188.

5. Buytaert, W., Célleri, R., De Bievre, B., Cisneros, F., Wyseure, G., Deckers, J. andHofstede, R. 2006. Human impact on the hydrology of Andean páramos. Earth-ScienceReviews [ISSN 0012-8252], 79:53-72.

6. Buytaert, W., Célleri, R., Willems, P., De Bièvre, B. and Wyseure, G. 2006. Spatial andtemporal rainfall variability in mountainous areas. A case study from the south EcuadorianAndes. Journal of Hydrology, 329:413-421.

7. Campos, D., Noratto, G., Chirinos, R., Arbizu, C., Roca, W., Cisneros-Zevallos, L. 2006Antioxidant capacity and secondary metabolites in four species of Andean tuber crops:Native potato (Solanum sp.), mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz & Pavon), oca (Oxalistuberosa Molina) and ulluco (Ullucus tuberosus Caldas). Journal of the Science of Food

and Agriculture (UK). ISSN 0022-5142. 86 (10):1481-1488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ jsfa.2529

8. Cole, D. C., Crissman, C and Orozco A. F. 2006. Canada’s International DevelopmentResearch Centre’s Eco-Health projects with Latin Americans: Origins, development andchallenges. Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne de de Sante Publique[ISSN 0008-4263] (Nov-Dec), 97 (6):I 8-I 14.

9. Chacón, G., Adler, N. E., Jarrín, F., Flier, W. G., Gessler, C. and Forbes,G. A. 2006. Geneticstructure of the population of Phytophthora infestans attacking Solanum ochranthum inthe highlands of Ecuador. European Journal of Plant Pathology, (115):235-245.

10. Claessens, L., Verburg, P. H., Schoorl, J. M. and Veldkamp, A. 2006. Contribution of topographically based landslide hazard modelling to the analysis of the spatial distributionand ecology of kauri (Agathis australis ). Landscape Ecology, 21 (1):63-76.

11. Claessens, L., Lowe, D. J., Hayward, B. W., Schaap, J. M., Schoorl, J. M. and Veldkamp,

A. 2006. Reconstructing high-magnitude/low-frequency landslide events based on soilredistribution modelling and a Late-Holocene sediment record from New Zealand.Geomorphology, 74 (1-4):29-49.

12. Cuellar, W., Gaudin, A., Solórzano, D., Casas, A., Ñopo, L., Chudalayandi, P., Medrano,G., Kreuze, J., and Ghislain, M. 2006. Self-excision of the antibiotic resistance gene nptIIusing a heat inducible Cre-loxP system from transgenic potato. Plant Molecular Biology, 62(1/2):71-82.

13. Danial, D., Parlevliet, J., Almekinders, C., and Thiele, G. 2006. Farmers participation andbreeding for durable disease resistance in the Andean region Euphytica, 153 (3):385-396.





14. Dolja, V. V., Kreuze, J. F. and Valkonen, J. P. T. 2006. Comparative and functionalgenomics of the closteroviruses. Virus Research, 117:38–51.

15. Eliasco, E., Livieratos, I. C., Müller, G., Guzman, M., Salazar, L. F. and Coutts, R. H. A. 2006.Sequences of defective RNAs associated with potato yellow vein virus. Archives of

Virology, 151 (1):201-204.16. Elzein, A. E. M. and Kroschel, J. 2006. Development and efficacy of granular formulationsof Fusarium oxysporum FOXY 2 for Striga control: an essential step towards practical fieldapplication in Africa Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection (special issue), 20:889-905.

17. Elzein, A. E. M. and Kroschel, J. 2006. Host range studies of Fusarium oxysporum FOXY 2:an evidence for a new forma specialis and its implications for Striga control Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection (special issue), 20:875-887.

18. Elzein, A. E. M., Kroschel, J. and Leth, V. 2006. Seed treatment technology: An attractivedelivery system for controlling root parasitic weed Striga with mycoherbicide BiocontrolScience and Technology, 16 (1):3-26.

19. Erenstein, O., Sumberg, J., Oswald, A., Levasseur, V., Kore, H. 2006. What future forintegrated rice-vegetable production systems in West African lowlands? AgriculturalSystems, 88:376-394.

20. Erenstein, O., Oswald, A., Mahaman, M. 2006. Determinants of lowland use close tourban markets along an agro-ecological gradient in West Africa Agriculture, Ecosystems &Environment [ISSN 0167-8809], 117:205-217.

21. Escobar, R. H., Hernández, C. M., Larrahondo, N., Ospina, G., Restrepo, J., Muñoz L.,Tohme, J. and Roca, W. 2006. Tissue culture for farmers: Participatory adaptation of low-input cassava propagation in Colombia Experimental Agriculture, 42:1-18

22. Evers, D., Schweitzer, C., Nicot, N.; Gigliotti, S., Herrera, M. R., Hausman, J. F., Hoffmann,L., Trognitz, B., Dommes, J., Ghislain, M. (2006) Two PR-1 loci detected in the nativecultivated potato Solanum phureja appear differentially expressed upon challenge by lateblight. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 67:155-163.

23. Evers, E., Ghislain, M., Hoffmann, L., Hausman, J. F. and Dommes, J. 2006. A late blightresistant potato plant overexpresses a gene coding for á-galactosidase upon infection byPhytophthora infestans . Biologia Plantarum, 50 (2):265-271.

24. Fuglie, K., Adiyoga, W., Asmunati, R., Mahalaya, S., Suherman, R. (2006). Farm demand for

quality potato seed in Indonesia. Agricultural Economics, 35:257-266.25. Ghislain1, M., Andrade, D., Rodríguez, F., Hijmans, R. J., Spooner, D. M. 2006. Genetic

analysis of the cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum L. Phureja Group using RAPDs andnuclear SSRs. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 13 (8):1515-1527

26. Gildemacher, P., Heijne, B., Silvestri, M., Houbraken, J., Hoekstra, E., Theelen, B, andBoekhout, T. 2006. Interactions between yeasts, fungicides and apple fruit russeting. FEMSYeast Research, (6):1149-1156.

27. Jansky, S. H., Simon, R. and Spooner, D. M. 2006. A test of taxonomic predictivity:resistance to white mold in wild relatives of cultivated potato. Crop Science, 46:2561-2570

28. Karuniawan, A., Anas, I., Kale, P. R., Heinzemann, J., Grüneberg, W. J. 2006. Vigna

vexillata (L.) A. Rich. cultivated as a root crop in Bali and Timor. Genetic Resources andCrop Evolution, 53:213-217

29. Li Pun, H. H., Mares, V., Quiroz, R., León-Velarde, C. U., Valdivia, R. and Reinoso, J.

2006. Pursuing the Millennium Development Goals in the Andean Altiplano. Building onCIP Project Experiences with Poverty and Sustainable Development. Mountain Researchand Development, 26 (1):15-19

30. Luo, H. R., Santa Maria, M., Benavides, J., Zhang, D. P., Zhang, Y. Z., Ghislain, M. 2006.Rapid genetic transformation of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) viaorganogenesis. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5:1851-1857.

31. Lu, G. Q.; Huang, H. H.; Zhang, D. P. 2006. Application of near-infrared spectroscopy topredict sweetpotato starch thermal properties and noodle quality. Journal of ZhejiangUniversity - Science B (Germany). ISSN 1673-1581. 7 (6):475-481. http:dx.doi.org/10.1631/

jzus.2006.B0475 .




32. Morris, J., Steel, E. J., Smith, P., Boonham, N., Spence, N and Barker, I. 2006. Host rangestudies for tomato chlorosis virus, and Cucumber vein yellowing virus transmitted byBemisia tabaci (Gennadius) European Journal of Plant Pathology, (114):265-273.

33. Watkinson, J. I., Hendricks, L., Sioson, A. A., Vasquez-Robinet, C., Stromberg, V., Heath,

L. S., Schuler, M., Bohnert, H. J., Bonierbale, M., Grene, R. 2006. Accessions of Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena show differences in photosynthetic recovery after drought stressas reflected in gene expression profiles. Plant Science, 171:745-758

34. Mumford R., Boonham N., Tomlinson, J., and Barker, I. 2006. Advances in molecularphytodiagnostics - new solutions for old problems European Journal of PlantPathology, (116):1-19.

35. Ortega, O. R., Kliebestein, D., Arbizu, C., Ortega, R., and Quiros, C. 2006. Glucosinolatesurvey of cultivated and feral mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz & Pavón) in the CuzcoRegion of Peru. Economic Botany, 60 (3):254-264

36 . Ortiz, O. 2006. Evolution of agricultural extension and information dissemination in Peru:An historical perspective focusing on potato-related pest control. Agriculture and HumanValues, 23 (4):477-489.

37. Parsa, S., Alcazar, J., Salazar, J., and Kaya, H. 2006. An indigenous Peruvianentomopathogenic nematode for suppression of the Andean potato weevil. BiologicalControl, 39 (2006):171-178.

38. Pilet, F., Chacon, M. G., Forbes, G. A., and Andrivon, D. 2006. Protection of susceptiblepotato cultivars in mixtures increases with decreasing disease pressure.Phytopathology, (96):777-783.

39. Pissard, A., Ghislain, M., Bertin, P. 2006. Genetic diversity of the Andean tuber-bearingspecies, oca (Oxalis tuberosa Mol.), investigated by Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats.Genome, 49 (1):8-16.

40 . Priou, S., Gutarra, L. and Aley, P. 2006. An improved enrichment broth for the sensitivedetection of Ralstonia solanacearum (biovar 1 and 2A) in soil using DAS-ELISA. PlantPathology, 55-:36-45.

41. Rauscher, G. M., Smart, C. D., Simko, I., Bonierbale, M., Mayton, H., Greenland, A. andFry, W. 2006. Characterization and mapping of Rpi-ber, a novel potato late blightresistance gene from Solanum berthaultii Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 12 (4):674-

687.42. Reyes, T., Luukkanen, O., and Quiroz, R. 2006. Small cardamom - Precious for people,

harmful for mountain forests: Possibilities for sustainable cultivation in the East Usambaras,Tanzania. Mountain Research and Development, 26 (2):131–137

43 . Roder, W. 2006. Speculations on the Importance of Job’s Tears in Past AgriculturalSystems of Bhutan. Economic Botany, 60 (2):187-191.

44 . Roder, W., Schuermann, S., Chittanavanh, P., Sipaseuth, K., and Fernandez, M. 2006. Soilfertility management for organic rice production in the Lao PDR. Renewable Agricultureand Food Systems, 21 (4): 253-260.

45 . Schafleitner, R., Gaudin, A., Gutierrez, R. O., Alvarado, C. A. and Bonierbale, M.(1) 1:(2006). Proline accumulation and Real Time PCR expression analysis of genesencoding enzymes of proline metabolism in relation to drought tolerance in Andeanpotato Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 29 (1):19-26.

46. Schaub, B., Marley, P., Elzein, A. E. M. and Kroschel, J. (2006) Field evaluation of anintegrated Striga hermonthica management in Sub-Saharan Africa: Synergy between Strigamyco-herbicides (biocontrol) and sorghum and maize resistant varieties. Journal of PlantDiseases and Protection (special issue), 20: 691-699.

47. Schoorl, J. M., Claessens, L., Lopez, M., de Koning, F. G. H. and Veldkamp, A. 2006.Geomorphological analysis and scenario modelling in the Noboa – Pajan Area, ManabiProvince, Ecuador Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Suppl.-Vol., 145:105-118.

48. Shibairo, S., Demo, P., Kabira, J. N., Gildemacher, P., Gachango, E., Menza, M.,Nyankanga, R. O., Chemining’wa, G. N. and Narla, R. D. 2006. Effects of Gibberellic acid





(GA3) on sprouting and quality of potato seed tubers in diffused light and pit storageconditions. Journal of Biological Sciences, 6 (4):723-733

49. Solis, J., Medrano, G. and Ghislain, M. 2006. Inhibitory effect of a defensin gene fromthe Andean crop maca (Lepidium meyenii ) against Phytophthora infestans . Journal of

Plant Physiology, Published Online 17 August 2006. doi:10.1016/j.jplph2006-06.002.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16919367.

50. Tenorio, J., Franco, Y., Chuquillanqui, C., Owens, R. A. and Salazar, L. F. 2006. Reactionof potato varieties to Potato mop-top virus infection in the Andes. American Journal of Potato Research [ISSN:1099-209X] 83 423-431

51. Watkinson, J. I., Hendricks, L., Sioson, A. A., Vasquez-Robinet, C., Stromberg, V., Heath, L.S., Schuler, M., Bohnert, H. J., Bonierbale, M., Grene, R. 2006. Accessions of Solanum

tuberosum ssp. andigena show differences in photosynthetic recovery after drought stressas reflected in gene expression profiles. Plant Science, 171: 745-758

52. Weintraub, P. G., Mujica, N. (CIP). 2006. Systemic effects of a spinosad insecticide onLiriomyza huidobrensis larvae. Phytoparasitica (Israel). ISSN 0334-2123. 2006. 34 (1):21-24.

53. Shibairo, S. I., Demo P., Kabira, J. N., Gildemacher P., Gachango E.,Menza, M., Nyankanga, R. O., Chemining’wa, G. N. and Narla, R. D.2006. Effects of Gibberellic acid (GA3) on sprouting and quality of potato seed tubers indiffused light and pit storage conditions. Journal of Biological Sciences . 6 (4) 723-733.

54. Wintermantel, W. M., Fuentes, S., Chuquillanqui, C., and Salazar, L. F., 2006. First reportof Beet pseudo-yellows virus and Strawberry pallidosis associated virus in strawberry inPeru. Plant Disease 90:1457.

Indicator 4B: Number of peer-reviewed publications per scientistin 2006 that are published in journals listed inThomson Scientific

Number of publications = 54; Number of scientists = 60; 54/60 = 0.9; 0.9 articles/scientist




Center governance - internal control

and risk managementThe Trustees acknowledge that they are responsible for the Center’s system of internalcontrol and for reviewing its effectiveness. The system is designed to manage rather thaneliminate the risk of failure to achieve the Center’s strategic objectives, and can only providereasonable, not absolute, assurance against material misstatement or loss. An ongoing processhas been established for identifying, evaluating and managing the significant risks faced bythe Center. The process has been in place for the full year under review and up to the dateof approval of the annual report and financial statements. The Board regularly reviews theprocess.

The Center’s key risk management processes and system of internal control proceduresinclude the following:

Management structure: Authority to operate is delegated to management within limits setby the board. Functional, operating and financial reporting standards are established bymanagement for application across the Center. The procedures manual sets out, inter alia ,the general ethos of the Center, delegation of authority and authorisation levels, segregationof duties and other control procedures together with Center accounting policies. Theseprocedures are supplemented by operating standards set by the local management, asrequired for the geographical location.

Identification and evaluation of business risks: The major financial, scientific, legal,regulatory and operating risks within the Center are identified through annual reportingprocedures. The internal audit team regularly reviews these risks to ensure that are beingeffectively managed and appropriately insured, and prepares an annual risk assessment report.The team also undertakes regular reviews of the most significant areas of risk and ensures

that key control objectives remain in place and reports its findings to the audit committee.

Information and financial reporting systems: The Center’s comprehensive planning andfinancial reporting procedures include detailed operational budgets for the year ahead and a2-year rolling plan. The board reviews and approves them. Performance is monitored andrelevant action taken throughout the year through the quarterly reporting of key performanceindicators, updated forecasts for the year together with information on the key risk areas.

Investment appraisal: A budgetary process and authorisation levels regulate capitalexpenditure. For expenditure, beyond specified levels and outside of the approved budget,detailed written proposals have to be submitted to the board for approval. Reviews arecarried out after the acquisition is complete, and for some projects, during the acquisitionperiod, to monitor expenditure; major overruns are investigated. Proposals for research and

development programs are considered by a team led by Dr. Anderson and proposals beyondspecified limits are considered by the board.

Audit Committee: The Audit Committee monitors, through reports to it by the internal auditteam, the controls which are in force and any perceived gaps in the control environment.The Audit Committee meets with the auditors independently from management. The AuditCommittee also considers and determines relevant action in respect to any control issuesraised by internal or external auditors.





The Board confirms that it has reviewed the effectiveness of the systems of internal control;the key processes used in doing so included the following:· Review of the annual risk assessment report;· Production and regular updating of summaries of key controls measured against Center

benchmarks which cover internal controls, both financial and non-financial;· Review of reports prepared by the internal audit team;· Confirms that the procedures set out in the Center’s procedures manual have been

followed;· The Chair of the Audit Committee reports the outcome of the Audit Committee meetings

to the board and the board receives minutes of the meetings; and· Review the role of insurance in managing risks across the Center.

Jim Godfrey

Chair of Board of Trustees




The International Potato Center achieved a slight surplus of US$0.07M in 2006. The surplus increased CIP’s financial reserves fromUS$5.7M to US$5.8M, defined as net working capital plus long terminvestments.

CIP’s total revenues reached US$23.1M in 2006, 4 percent above 2005.Total revenues include US$8.9M of unrestricted donations and US$13.6Mof restricted donations, and US$0.6M of other revenues, mainly interests.At the end of the year, US$1.3M of approved grants (6 percent of totalrevenues) was pending disbursements by donors.

Unrestricted contributionsincreased by 10 percent fromUS$8.1M to US$8.9M in 2006,while restricted contributionswere reduced by 2 percentfrom US$13.9M to US$13.6M.The “Superior” performancescore that the World Bank awarded CIP meant that thecenter received an additionalallocation. This, together withan additional allocation fromthe World Bank tocompensate for the non-

delivery of the EC’s contribution, and exchange rate gains obtained

during the year increased unrestricted revenues.During the year, 60 new restricted proposals, for a total

commitment of US$19.1M, were approved by donors. Newcommitments increased by 21 percent, with respect to 2005. Theaverage donation per proposal approved decreased from US$0.39Mto US$0.32M in 2006.

During the year, total expenditures increased by 4 percent toUS$23.0M. Research, research management and operationsincreased by 5 percent, 10 percent and 6 percent respectively,while information expenditures decreased by 11 percent in 2006.

Financialreport

Statement of financial position

Year ending 31 December 2006

(compared with 2005-US$000)

(US$000)

2006 2005

ASSETS

Current Assets

Cash and cash equivalent 13,990 10,525

Investments 537

Account Receivable:

Donor 1,310 3,524

Employees 67 160

Others 271 240

Inventory 396 396

Advances 148 82Prepaid Expenses 144 185

Total Cur rent Assets 16 ,326 15 ,649

Non-Current Assets

Investments non-current 337 305

Furnishing and 3,711 2,768

Equipment, Net

Total Non-Current Assets 4,048 3,073

Total Assets 20,374 18,722

Liabilities and Net Assets

Current Liabilities

Accounts Payable

Donor 6,118 4,586

Others 4,670 5,597

Provisions 47 45

Total Current Liabilities 10,835 10,228

Non- Current Liabilities

Long -term loan

Accruals 150 0

Employees 298 255

Total Non-current Liabilities 448 255

Total Liabilities 11,283 10,483

Net Assets

Designated 3,297 2,512

Undesignated 5,794 5,727

Total Net Assets 9,091 8,239

Total Liabilities 20,374 18,722

and Net Assets

FinancialReserves

(US$thousands)

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

-2003 2004 2005 2006

Revenues(US$

thousands)

14,000

10,500

7,000

3,500

0

Unrestricted Restricted

2003 2004 2005 2006



Apartado 17-21-1977Quito, EcuadorTel: +593 2 2690 362/363Fax: +593 2 2692 604email: [email protected]: www.quito.cipotato.orgContact: Graham Thiele, LiaisonScientist

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)

Kenya Regional OfficeInternational Potato CenterP.O. Box 25171Nairobi 00603, KenyaTel: +254 020 4223602Fax: +254 020 4223600/4223001email: [email protected]: Jan Low, SSA RegionalLeader

Malawi Liaison OfficeInternational Potato Center

Chitedze Research StationPO Box 30258Lilongwe 3MalawiTel: +265 1 707014, Extension 212Fax: +265 1 707026email: [email protected]: Paul Demo, LiaisonScientist

Mozambique Liaison Office

International Potato CenterIIAM Avenida das FPLM 2698Maputo, Mozambique.PO Box 2100 Maputo.Tel/Fax: +258 21461610email: [email protected]: Maria Andrade, LiaisonScientist

Uganda Liaison OfficeInternational Potato CenterPlot 106, Katalima Road, Naguru HillP.O. Box 22274

Globalcontact

points

Latin America and the

Caribbean (LAC)

Ecuador Liaison OfficeInternational Potato CenterSanta Catalina ExperimentalStationKm. 17 Panamericana SurSector Cutuglagua Canton Mejía

Latin America

and the

Caribbean (LAC)

Sub-Saharan

Africa (SSA)

East and Southeast

Asia and the

Pacific (ESEAP)

Peru

Ecuador KenyaUganda

ChinaAfghanistan

Malawi

Mozambique

Uzbekistan

Philippines

Bhutan

Vietnam

Heilongjiang

Northeast India

Vietnam

IndonesiaIndonesia

Northeast India

Bhutan

ChinaHeilongjiang

Uganda

Malawi

Mozambique

Kenya

Afghanistan

Uzbekistan

Peru

Ecuador

South, West

and Central Asia

(SWCA)

CIP inthe

world

PhilippinesOrissa

Liaison Office Regional OfficeLiaison Office

IndiaIndia

Orissa

CIP Headquarters

International Potato Center (CIP) Avenida La Molina 1895, La MolinaP.O. Box 1558 Lima 12, PeruTel: +51 1 349 6017 Fax: +51 1 317 5326

email: [email protected] Website: www.cipotato.org




Kampala, UgandaTel: +256 414 287 538Fax: +256 414 287 571email: [email protected]: Regina Kapinga, Liaison

Scientist

South, West and Central

Asia (SWCA)

India Regional OfficeInternational Potato CenterNASC ComplexDPS Marg, Pusa CampusNew Delhi, 110012, IndiaTel: +91 11 2584 0201/2584 3734Fax: +91 11 2584 7481email: [email protected]: Sarath Ilangantileke,SWCA Regional Leader

Orissa Liaison OfficeRegional Center of CTCRIP.O. Dumduma HBCBhubaneswar 751019Orissa, IndiaTel: +91-0674-2472244Fax: +91-0674-2470768Email: [email protected]: Mr. Sreekanth Attaluri

Northeast India Liaison OfficeNagaland University-SASRD CampusMedziphemaNagaland 797106IndiaTel: +91-03862-247311Fax: +91-03862-247113Email: [email protected]: Mr. N. Thungjamo Lotha

Afghanistan Liaison Officec/o International Center forAgricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA)Central P.O. Box 1355Kabul, AfghanistanTel: +93 7060 1593email: [email protected]: Muhammad Arif

Bhutan Liaison OfficeP.O. Box 670, SemtokaG.P.O. ThimphuBhutanTel: +975 2 351 016 / 351 694 /323 355Fax: +975 2 351 027email: [email protected]: Walter Roder

Uzbekistan Liaison Officec/o ICARDA-CACP.O. Box 4564Tashkent 700000Uzbekistan

Tel: +998 71 137 2169/137 2130Fax: +998 71 120 7125email: [email protected]: Carlo Carli, LiaisonScientist

East and Southeast Asia

and the Pacific (ESEAP)

Indonesia Regional OfficeInternational Potato CenterKebun Percobaan Muara, Jalan RayaCiapusJawa Barat, Bogor 16610, IndonesiaTel: +62 251 317 951Fax: +62 251 316 264email: [email protected]: www.eseap.cipotato.orgContact: Fernando Ezeta, ESEAPRegional Leader

China Liaison OfficeInternational Potato Centerc/o The Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhong Guan Cun South Street 12West Suburbs of Beijing,Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaTel: +86 10 6897 5504Fax: +86 10 6897 5503email: [email protected]: www.eseap.cipotato.org/cip-chinaContact: Yi Wang, Liaison Scientist

Heilongjiang Liaison OfficeTraining Building, Room No. 324Northeast Agricultural University59-Mucai Street, Xiangfang DistrictHarbin, Heilongjiang 150030People’s Republic of ChinaTel: +86 451 5519 0997Fax: +86 451 5519 1717email: [email protected]: Fengyi Wang

Vietnam Liaison OfficeInternational Potato CenterNha so 10, ngo 283Doi Can, Ba Dinh,Hanoi, VietnamTel: + 84-4-762-3235Fax: + 84-4-762-3542email: [email protected]: Thi Tinh Nguyen, LiaisonScientist

Global, Regional and

Systemwide Initiatives

Papa Andina Initiativesame address, telephone and fax asCIP Headquartersemail: [email protected]

Website: www.cipotato.org/papandinaContact: André Devaux,Coordinator

CONDESAN (Consortium for theSustainable Development of theAndean Ecoregion)(same address, telephone and fax asCIP headquarters)email: [email protected]: www.condesan.orgContact: Héctor Cisneros,Coordinator

GMP (Global Mountain Program)(same address, telephone and fax asCIP headquarters)email: [email protected]: Peter Trutmann,Coordinator

PRAPACE (Regional Potato andSweet PotatoImprovement Program for East andCentral Africa)International Potato CenterPlot 106, Katarima Road, NaguruP.O. Box 22274Kampala, UgandaTel: +256 41 286 209Fax: +256 41 286 947email: [email protected]: Berga Lemaga,Coordinator

UPWARD (Users’ Perspectiveswith AgriculturalResearch and Development)

Physical address:PCARRD ComplexLos Baños, Laguna 4030, PhilippinesPostal address:c/o IRRI DAPO Box 7777Metro Manila, PhilippinesTel: +63 49 536 8185Fax: +63 49 536 1662email: [email protected]: Dindo Campilan,CoordinatorWebsite: www.eseap.cipotato.org/upward

Vitamin A for Africa (VITAA)Liaison Office UgandaInternational Potato Center

c/o PRAPACEPlot 106, Katalima Road, Naguru HillP.O. Box 22274Kampala, UgandaTel: +256 414 287 571Fax: +256 414 287 538email: [email protected]: Regina Kapinga,Coordinator



FinanceHead: Pending

AdministrationHead: Aldo Tang

HumanResourcesHead: GustavoDelgadoLogistics

Administrator:Jorge Locatelli

InformationTechnologyUnitHead: AnthonyCollins

ResourceMobilization UnitHead: Kirsten Johnson

Communicationsand PublicAwareness Dept

Head: Paul Stapleton

Office of the

Director General

Director of Financeand AdministrationCarlos Alonso

*As of 15 June 2006

Board of Trustees

Research

Divisions

Partnership

Programs

Regional

Offices

Research

Support

Deputy DirectorDirector Generalfor ResearchCharles Crissman

Director GeneralPamela K. Anderson

Division 1: ImpactEnhancementLeader: Graham Thiele

Division 2:Genetic ResourcesConservation and

CharacterizationLeader: David Tay

Division 3:GermplasmEnhancement andCrop ImprovementLeader: MeridethBonierbale

Division 4:Integrated CropManagementLeader: Oscar Ortiz

Division 5:Natural ResourcesManagement

Leader: Roberto QuirozDivision 6:Agriculture andHuman HealthLeader: Donald Cole

Urban HarvestCoordinator:Gordon Prain

GlobalMountainProgramCoordinator:Peter Trutmann

CONDESANCoordinator:Miguel Saravia

UPWARDCoordinator:Dindo Campilan

PRAPACECoordinator:Berga Lemaga

Papa AndinaCoordinator:Andre Devaux

VITAACoordinator:Regina Kapinga

Sub-SaharanAfrica (SSA)Regional Leader:Jan Low

South, Westand Central

Asia (SWCA)Regional Leader:SarathIlangantileke

East, andSoutheast Asiaand the Pacific(ESEAP)Regional Leader:Fernando Ezeta

LibraryHead: CeciliaFerreyra

CapacityStrengtheningLeader: ThomasZschocke

ResearchInformaticsUnitLeader:Reinhard Simon

Applied

BiotechnologyLaboratoryLeader:Marc Ghislain

Germplasm andDistributionUnitLeader: EnriqueChujoy

Executive Assistantto the DirectorGeneralRoger Cortbaoui




CIP’s internalstructure andStaff list

1. Director General’s

OfficeDirector General, Anderson,Pamela K.

Altet, Mariella, Manager forExternal Relations andInternational Personnel

García, Erika, Office AuxiliaryInfantas, Viviana, Visitors OfficerNeyra, Gladys, Administrative

AssistantCortbaoui, Roger, Executive

Assistant to the DirectorGeneral (since 01 June)

Marcovich, Rosario,Administrative Assistant

Deputy Director General forResearch, Crissman, CharlesFerreyros, Bertha, Information

System Analyst2 (until 8

January)Parker, Charlotte, AdministrativeAssistant

Salinas, Lilia, AdministrativeAssistant

Director of Finance andAdministration, Alonso, CarlosPaliza, Ñantika, Bilingual Secretary

Resource Mobilization Unit Johnson, Kirsten, HeadBecker, Jacqueline, Grant

Coordinator1,2

Solis-Rosas, Martina, BilingualSecretary

Communications and

Public Awareness

DepartmentStapleton, Paul, HeadCarre, Jean Pierre, Systems

Development SupportDelgado, Ruth, Exhibits/Display

AssistantFernandez-Concha, Nini, Graphic

DesignerLafosse, Cecilia, Chief DesignerLanatta, María Elena,

Administrative Assistant

Moncada, Paul, WebmasterMorales, Anselmo, GraphicDesigner

Portillo, Zoraida, Spanish Writer-Editor/Media

Taipe, Elena, Graphic DesignerTorres, José, Graphic Designer1

Finance and Administration

Department

AdministrationTang, Aldo, Head of

AdministrationCórdova, Silvia, Bilingual SecretarySecada, Ana María, Head, Travel

OfficeSolis, Gloria, Administrative

Assistant

Human ResourcesDelgado, Gustavo, HumanResources ManagerFerreyros, Mónica, Auxiliary

Services SupervisorLapouble, Sor, Auxiliary Services

AssistantLeón, Roxana, Social Worker, Social

Welfare and Health SupervisorOlivera, Gicela, Human Resources

AssistantPolo, William, Human Resources

AssistantSchmidt, Lucero, NurseTávara, María Amelia, Bilingual

Secretary2

Varas, Yoner, Salary AdministratorZamudio, Juana, Auxiliary Services

Assistant

LogisticsLocatelli, Jorge, LogisticsAdministratorAlarcón, Willy, Maintenance

TechnicianAnglas, Ignacio, Maintenance

TechnicianArellano, Tito, WarehouseSupervisorAuqui, Filomeno, Purchasing

AssistantBernui, Pilar, Bilingual SecretaryBriceño, Antolín, Security OfficerBruno, Genaro, ReceptionistCcenta, Leoncio, Warehouse

AssistantCorzo, Guillermo, Purchasing

AssistantDel Carpio, María Fernanda,

Receptionist1

Dueñas, Javier, General ServicesAssistant

Ganoza, Ximena, Purchasing

SupervisorGarcía, Raúl, Purchasing AssistantGorvenia, José, Security DriverGuerrero, Atilio, Vehicle

ProgrammerHuambachano, Victor, Security

OfficerLopez, Luis, Warehouse AssistantMartin, Sofía, Receptionist2

Mendoza, Julio, Security DriverMontalvo, Hugo, Security Officer

Morillo, Antonio, MaintenanceChief

Palomino, Juan, MaintenanceTechnician

Pelaez, Pedro, Maintenance

TechnicianPozada, Angel, Logistics AssistantTintaya, Teófilo, Security OfficerUribe, Carlos, Maintenance

TechnicianVásquez, Lisardo, Safety OfficerYancce, José, Maintenance

TechnicianZapata, Saturnino, Maintenance

Technician

FinancesGarcía, Andrés, AssistantAccountantGiacoma, Denise, BudgetSupervisorGuzmán, Rodmel, Assistant

Accountant2

Paredes, Ruth, AssistantAccountant

Patiño, Milagros, TreasurerPeralta, Eduardo, AccountantSaavedra, Miguel, General

AccountantSolari, Sonnia, CashierTapia, César, Assistant AccountantVásquez, Rosa María, Project

Supervisor2

Zambrano, Mamerto, OfficeAuxiliary

Zapata, Susana, Accountant1

Information Technology

UnitCollins, Anthony, Head

Castro, Samuel, Helpdesk Assistant1

Chang, Candie, Helpdesk Assistant1

Del Villar, Roberto, ServerAdministrator

Díaz, Denis, Linux AdministratorOrozco, Erika, Server

Administrator2

Palacios, Dante, Helpdesk Administrator



Rodríguez, Saúl, Web SystemsAnalyst

Sandoval, Milton, Helpdesk Assistant2

Torres, Edgardo, Systems

Development AdministratorValdivieso, Peter, Helpdesk Assistant

Zevallos, Diana, AdministrativeSystems Analyst

Zolla, Andrés, Helpdesk Assistant2

2. Divisions

Impact Enhancement

DivisionFuglie, Keith, Economist, DivisionLeader (until 30 June)2 – GrahamThiele (since 01 July)

Espinosa, Patricio, AgriculturalEconomist, Representative inEcuador

Campilan, Dindo, Sociologist (CIP-Los Baños), UPWARD ProgramCoordinator

Labarta, Ricardo, Post DoctoralEconomist1-3

Lozano, María, Database AuxiliaryMaldonado, Luis, Economist,

Research Assistant3

Suárez, Víctor, Statistics AssistantVásquez, Zandra, Bilingual

Secretary

Genetic Resources

Conservation andCharacterization DivisionRoca, William, Plant CellPhysiologist, Division Leader2

Chujoy, Enrique, GeneticistCampilan, Dindo, SociologistGhislain, Marc, Biotechnology

AdvisorArbizu, Carlos, Andean Crops

SpecialistBlancas, Miguel, Systems Assistant2

Espinoza, Catherine, Biologist,Research Assistant3

Fuentes, Segundo, PlantPathologist, Research Assistant

Gómez, Rene, Agronomist,

Research AssistantHerrera, María del Rosario,

Biologist, Research AssistantManrique, Iván, Biologist, Research

AssistantMartín, Mariana, Bilingual

SecretaryNuñez, Jorge, Biologist, Research

AssistantPanta, Ana, Biologist, Research

Assistant

Parra, Gabriela, Biologist, ResearchAssistant2

Reynoso, Daniel, Agronomist,Research Assistant2

Rojas, Edwin, System Engineer

Salas, Alberto, Agronomist,Research AssociateSimon, Reinhard, Molecular

BiologistVargas, Fanny, Agronomist,

Research AssistantVivanco, Francisco, Agronomist,

Research AssistantYnouye, Cecilia, Biologist, Research

Assistant3

Zorrilla, Cinthya, Biologist,Research Assistant3

Germplasm Enhancement

and Crop Improvement

DivisionBonierbale, Merideth, SeniorPotato Breeder, Division LeaderAmoros, Walter, Agronomist,

Research AssociateAndrade, Maria, Sweetpotato

Specialist1,3

Arif, Muhammad, Seed Specialist3

(Afghanistan)2,3

Attaluri, Sreekanth, SweetpotatoScientist, Liaison Scientist,Bubaneshwar, India (CIP-SWCA)

Aunqui, Mariella, ResearhTechnician1

Bartolini, Ida, Ph.D. Biologist,Research Assistant2

Beltrán, Arnaldo, Research

TechnicianBenavides, Jorge, Biologist,Research Assistant2

Burgos, Gabriela, Biologist,Research Assistant3

Cabello, Rolando, Agronomist,Research Assistant

Carbajulca, Doris, Biologist,Research Assistant1,3

Carli, Carlo, Regional SeedProduction Specialist, LiaisonScientist Uzbekistan

Condori, José, Research Assistant2

Chujoy, Enrique, GeneticistDanessi, Lorena, Bilingual

Secretary2

Da Ponte, Lorena, Biologist,

Research Assistant1,3

De Haan, Stefan, Potato Breeder3

De Vries, Sander, Associate Expertin Breeding/Agronomy, JPO

Diaz, Luis, Agronomist, ResearchAssistant

Espinoza, Jorge, Agronomist,Research Assistant

Falcón, Rosario, Biologist, ResearchAssistant

Forbes, Anne, Plant Breeder,Fellow3

Gamarra, Freddy, Agronomist,Research Assistant1

García, Paulo, Research TechnicianGastelo, Manuel, Agronomist,

Research Assistant

Gaudin, Amelie, Biologist, ResearchAssistant1,3

Ghislain, Marc, BiotechnologyAdvisor

Gildemacher, Peter, PotatoBreeder/Agronomist, JPO3

Gómez, Félix, Research TechnicianGómez, Walter, Research TechnicianGonzalez, Geoffrey, Biologist,

Research Assistant1

Grande, Enrique, ResearchTechnician

Gruneberg, Wolfgang J.,Sweetpotato Breeder Geneticist

Herrera, Rosario, Biologist, ResearchAssistant

Kadian, Mohinder, Agronomist (CIP-

SWCA)Kim, Hyun-Jun, Potato Breeder,Visiting Scientist3

Kreuze, Jan, Molecular Virologist –JPO3

Kreuze, Hannelle, MolecularBreeding, Fellow2-3

Landeo, Juan, Potato BreederManrique, Sandra, Ph.D. Biologist,

Research Assistant1

Medrano, Giuliana, Veterinary,Research Assistant2

Mel, Isabel, Bilingual SecretaryMihovilovich, Elisa, Biologist,

Research AssistantMiki, Maria, Biologist, Research

Assistant2

Munive, Susan, Research TechnicianNuñez, Jorge, Biologist, ResearchAssistant3

Ochoa, Carlos, Taxonomist, ScientistEmeritus

Orrillo, Matilde, Biologist, ResearchAssistant

Perinango, Carla, Biologist, ResearchAssistant1

Potts, Michael, SweetpotatoProduction Specialist3 (CIPUganda)

Portal, Leticia, Biologist, ResearchAssistant

Rivera, Cristina, Biologist, ResearchAssistant3

Roder, Walter, Regional Seed Potato

Specialist3

(Bhutan)Rojas, Percy, Biologist, ResearchAssistant1,3

Romero, Elisa, Agronomist, ResearchAssistant

Salas, Elisa, Agronomist, ResearchAssistant

Salazar, Rosa, Bilingual SecretarySamolski, Ilanit, Biologist, Research

Assistant2,3

Schafleitner, Roland, BiotechnologyResearch Scientist3




Setiawan, Asep, SweetpotatoBreeder (CIP-ESEAP)

Solís, Julio, Biologist, ResearchAssistant1,3

Sierra, Yaquili, Agronomist,

Research Assistant1,3

Tovar, José, Biologist, ResearchAssistant3

Trujillo, Guillermo, Biologist,Research Assistant2,3

Tumwegamire, Silver, Breeder,Research Assistant Liaison OfficeUganda (CIP-SSA)

Untiveros, Milton, Biologist,Research Assistant1,3

Velásquez, André, Biologist,Research Assistant2

Wang, Fengyi, Potato ProductionSpecialist (CIP-Beijing)3

Zambrano, Victor, Biologist,Research Assistant2,3

Integrated Crop

Management DivisionOrtiz, Oscar, AgriculturalExtension and Rural DevelopmentSpecialist, Division LeaderAguilar, César, Research Assistant1-3

Alcazar, Jesús, Agronomist,Research Assistant

Aley, Pedro, Plant Pathologist,Research Assistant

Andrade, Jorge, Plant Pathologist -Post Doctoral 1-3 (until October2006)

Arellano, Jaime, ResearchTechnician

Arica, Denis, Research Assistant2

Barker, Ian, Senior Virologist1

Blanco, Mónica, Bilingual SecretaryCabrera, Antonio, Research

Technician2

Cañedo, Verónica, Biologist,Research Assistant

Carli, Carlo, Regional SeedProduction Specialist, LiaisonScientist Uzbekistan

Caycho, Jorge, Research Assistant1

Chuquillanqui, Carlos, Agronomist,Research Assistant

De la Torre, Carola, ResearchAssistant1-3

Demo, Paul, Regional PotatoExpert3

Espinoza, Hugo, ResearchTechnicianEzeta, Fernando, AgronomistFlores, Betty, Research

Technician1-3

Fonseca, Cristina, Agronomist,Research Assistant2

Forbes, Gregory, PathologistFrench, Edward, Scientist EmeritusFuentes, Segundo, Plant

Pathologist, Research Assistant

Gamarra, Heidy, ResearchTechnician1-3

Gamboa, Soledad, Biologist,Research Assistant

Gildemacher, Peter, Potato

Breeder/AgronomistGirish, Basavapatna Halappa,Potato Scientist

Gutarra, Liliam, Agronomist,Research Assistant

Huamán, Eva, Research TechnicianIlangantileke, Sarath, Postharvest

SpecialistJarrín, Francisco, Research

TechnicianKadian, Mohinder Singh,

AgronomistKromann, Peter, Plant Pathologist,

JPO2-3

Kroschel, Jurgen, EntomologistLow, Jan, EconomistMalpartida, Carlos, Agronomist,

Research Assistant3

Mendoza, Carlos, ResearchTechnician

Meza, Marco, Research TechnicianMujica, Norma, Agronomist,

Research AssistantMuller, Giovanna, Biologist,

Research AssistantOliva, Ricardo, PhD StudentOchoa, Francisco, Research

TechnicianOrrego, Ricardo, Agronomist,

Research AssistantOswald, Andreas, Integrated Crop

Management Expert3

Padel, Willy, Zoologist, ResearchAssistant3

Paredes, Catalina, ResearchTechnicianPérez, Wilmer, Plant Pathologist,

Research AssistantPotts, Michael, Sweetpotato

Production SpecialistPriou, Sylvie, BacteriologistRamirez, Guillermo, ConsultantRaymundo, Ruby, ConsultantRoder, Walter, Regional Seed

Potato SpecialistSánchez, Juan, Research

Technician1-3

Santivañez, Sonia, BilingualSecretary1

Sporleder, Marc, Entomologist -Post Doctoral3

Taipe, Jaime, Research AssistantTenorio, Jorge, Biologist, ResearchAssistant

Trebejo, Marcelo, ResearchTechnician

Trillo, Antonio, ResearchTechnicianVega, Adan, Research TechnicianVinueza, Marcelo, Research

TechnicianWang, Yi, Plant Physiologist, Liaison

Scientist (CIP-Beijing)2

Zamudio, Julia, Bilingual SecretaryZegarra, Octavio, Biologist,

Research Assistant

Natural Resources

Management DivisionQuiroz, Roberto, Land UseSystems Specialist, DivisionLeaderAlarcón, Nikolai, Greenhouse

TechnicianBarreda, Carolina, Agronomist,

Research AssistantBazoalto, Jimena, Research

AssistantClaessens, Lieven, Soil Scientist,

JPO3

De la Cruz, Jorge, AssistantProgrammer

Del Carpio, Jorge, DatabaseTechnician2

Frisancho, Rebeca, Agronomist,Research Assistant2

García, Alex, Assistant ProgrammerGarcía, Alberto, Photographic

Design TechnicianGuerrero, José, Systems AssistantGurusamy, Kumari, GIS Specialist,

JPO2-3

Ilangantileke, Sarath, PostharvestSpecialist

León-Velarde, Carlos, AgriculturalSystems Analysis Specialist3

Loayza, Hildo, Research AssistantPosadas, Adolfo, Physicist, Research

AssociateRosales, Luis, Research Assistant1

Silva, Luis, Database Technician1

Torres, Diana, Research Assistant1

Valdizán, Ivonne, BilingualSecretary

Vela, Ana María, Bilingual SecretaryYactayo, Guido, Research AssistantYarlequé, Christian, Research

AssistantZorogastúa, Percy, Agronomist,

Research Assistant

ALTAGRO ProjectLi Pun, Héctor Hugo, SeniorAdvisor to the Director GeneralHidalgo, Oscar, Consultant2

Lanatta, Amalia, AdministrativeAssistant

Mares, Victor, Consultant2

Valdivia, Roberto, CoordinatorAltagro-Puno

Agriculture and Human

Health DivisionCornelia Loechl, Nutritionist1-3



Capacity StrengtheningZschocke, Thomas, HeadAlberco, Roque, Audiovisual

TechnicianEcheandía, Edda, Multimedia

DeveloperHuanes, Martha, Training

CoordinatorPuccini, Alfredo, Multimedia

DesignerSuito, Mercedes, Bilingual

Secretary

LibraryFerreyra, Cecilia, Head LibrarianGhilardi, Rosa, Bilingual SecretaryLay, Griselda, Library AssistantValencia, Luis, Library Auxiliary

Field Research Support

Otazú, Victor, ExperimentalStations SuperintendentAguirre, Carlos, Agronomist, Field/

Greenhouse Supervisor2

Blas, Walter, MechanicCarhuamaca, Mario, Administrative

AuxiliaryCosme, Anastacio, Driver (Tractor)Duarte, Roberto, Agronomist,

Field/Greenhouse SupervisorFrisancho, Rebeca, Agronomist,

Field/Greenhouse Supervisor1

Lara, Carmen, SecretaryLimaylla, Jenny, Administrative

AssistantPiana, Vanna, Administrative

Assistant

Quino, Miguel, ResearchTechnicianSilva, Fredy, Security Chief

Research Informatics UnitSimon, Reinhard, HeadAvila, Luis, Systems AssistantDe Mendiburu, Felipe, Statistician,

Research AssistantGonzales, Juan Carlos, ConsultantHualla, Vilma, ConsultantJuarez, Henry, Agronomist,

Research AssistantRojas, Edwin, Systems AnalystSchmitt, Magna, Systems AssistantTarazona, Enver, Systems Assistant2

Vargas, Maria Elena, consultantVillanueva, Sara, Systems Assistant

3. Partnership

Programs

VITAAKapinga, Regina, SweetpotatoBreeder (CIP-Kampala), ProgramCoordinator

Papa AndinaDevaux, André, Agronomist,Program Coordinator3

Andrade, Jorge, Coordinator,InnovAndes Project1-3 (sinceNovember 2006)

Alva, María Elena, InformationAssistant2

Cruz, Saco Rocío, BilingualSecretary

Egúsquiza, Rolando, ConsultantJulca, Pamela, ConsultantLópez, Gastón, Consultant1-3

Manrique, Kurt, Agronomist,Research Assistant

Ordinola, Miguel, Consultant1-3

Thiele, Graham, Anthropologist,Andean Potato Project (CIP-Quito) (until 31 July)3

Thomann, Alice, Associate Expert1-3

Velasco, Claudio, Coordinator of Papa Andina in Bolivia1

PRAPACELemaga, Berga, Agronomist,Program Coordinator (CIPKampala)3

Ameru, Martha, SecretaryNsumba, James, Agronomist,

Program AssistantWakulla, N. Rachel, AccountantMigisa, Isaac, Driver

UPWARDCampilan, Dindo, Sociologist(CIP-Los Baños), ProgramCoordinatorAquino, Mylene, Administrative

OfficerDe los Reyes, Mario, Office

MessengerGallentes, Jaime, Research Fellow

Luis, Judith, Project SpecialistNadal, Marietta, Office ManagerSister, Lorna, Project Specialist

CONDESANCisneros, Héctor, Coordinator2-3

de Bièvre, Bert, Paramo AndinoProject Coordinator1-3

Briceño, Musuq, ResearchAssistant3

Estrada, Rubén Darío, NaturalResources Economist (based atCIAT)2-4

Calle, Tania1-3

Guerrero, Mauricio1-3

Hernández, Connie, BilingualSecretary3

Hidalgo, Ruth, Junior WebAssistant1-3

Mujica, Elías, Deputy Coordinator2-3

Ramirez, María Catalina, ResearchAssistant (based at CIAT)1,3,4

Saravia, Miguel, InfoAndinaLeader3

Global Mountain ProgramTrutman, Peter, ProgramCoordinator3

Urban HarvestPrain, Gordon, SocialAnthropologist, ProgramCoordinatorAlegre, Jessica, Research Assistant1

Alfaro, Tomás, Research Assistant1

Arce, Blanca, Zoologist, ResearchAssociate2

Gonzales, Nieves, ResearchAssistant1

Karanja, Nancy, RegionalCoordinator, SSA

Njenga, Mary, Research OfficerSalvo, Miguel, Post Doctoral

Scientist1-3

Shuaib Lwasa, Regional Scientist1-3

Muñoz, Ana Luisa, Bilingual

Secretary

4. Regional Offices

Liaison Office, Quito, EcuadorEspinosa, Patricio, AgriculturalEconomist, Representative inEcuador1

Alcocer, Julio, Field LaborerAyala, Sofia, Administrative

AssistantBarriga, Susana, Accountant2

Burbano, Rosa, Accountant1

Centeno, María del Carmen, FieldLaborerDelgado, Juan, Vehicle

Maintenance and MessengerGuerrero Mauricio, Project

CoordinatorInaquiza, Rosa María, Field LaborerJarrín, Francisco, Research

TechnicianJiménez, José, Network

Management and Systems




MaintenanceOliva, Ricardo, PhD StudentOrozco, Fadya, Project CoordinatorReinoso, Lidia, Field and

Greenhouse Laborer

Taipe, Jaime, Research AssistanceVinuesa, Marcelo, ResearchTechnician

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA),

Nairobi, KenyaLow, Jan, Economist, CIP-SSARegional Leader (CIP-Nairobi)Agili, Sammy, Breeder, Research

AssistantIgunza, Elijah, Purchasing OfficerKaguongo, Wachira, Agricultural

Economist, Research Assistant1,3

Maina, George, DriverNdoho, Emily, Accountant

Reuben, Anangwe, CleanerZani, Naomi, AdministrativeAssistant

Liaison Office, Kampala, UgandaKapinga, Regina, SweetpotatoBreeder, VITAA ProgramCoordinatorTumwesige, Annet, Accountant,

AdministratorAlimbangira, James, Security GuardAtong, Moses, Office MessengerLoechl, Cornelia, Nutritionist1-3

Lubowa, Abdelrahman, ResearchAssistant, Urban Harvest

Nagujja, Stella, Impact and PolicyCoordinator, Harvest Plus

Namanda, Sam, Agronomist,Research AssistantOsaga, Denis, Night WatchmanPotts, Michael, Sweetpotato

Production Specialist3

Shuaib, Lwassa, Project Leader,Focus Cities

Tumwirize, Ronald, Driver,Purchasing Assistant

Tumwegamire, Silver, Breeder,Research Assistant

Liaison Office, Maputo,MozambiqueAndrade, Maria, SweetpotatoBreeder and Seed Systems

SpecialistRuco, Amelia Ozias, Accountantand Administrator

Faria, Maria de Lourdes, AssistantNutritionist

Martins, Nydia, Agronomist SouthZone

Naico, Abdul T.A., Agro-processingspecialist

Ferreira, Faruque, AgronomistAngonia (Tete Province)Sandramo, Alves, Agronomist

Gurue (Zambézia Province)Rafael, Dinoclaudio Z., TechnicianNampula ProvinceBanze, Franciso A., TechnicianChokwe (Gaza Province)

Ussene, Gelane, TechnicianNhacoongo (Inhambane Province)Rabeca, Cesar A., Technician Beira

(Sofala Province)Chibebe, Arlindo, Technician

Umbeluzi (Maputo Province)Jorge, Fernandes J., Technician

Umbeluzi (Maputo Province)Vura, Alberto, Technician

Sussundenga (Manica Province)Chiconela, Luisa, Greenhouse

workerMunguambe, Chelza, Greenhouse

workerDias, Francisco, Greenhouse workerFelimão, Diogo, Driver, MaputoMauariha, José Albino, Driver, Gaza

Custodio, Raul, Driver Zambéziada Costa, Virgílio, Driver, AngoniaJaime, Arlindo Cardoso, Driver,

Nampula

Reaching End Users ProjectOffice, Quelimane, ZambeziaLabarta, Ricardo, Agricultural

Economist/Seed SystemsSpecialist

Munhaua, Bernardinho Azevedo,Data Entry Manager andAdministrator

Mussuale, Momade Cesar, FieldSupervisor

Devunane, Jose, DriverMiriwa, Bernardo, Cleaner &

MessengerMutalibo, Mussa Raimundo, FieldEnumerator and Data Entry

Manteiga, Iranett Almeida, FieldEnumerator and Data Entry

Godinho, Nelson, FieldEnumerator and Data Entry

Pedro, Gomes Federico, FieldEnumerator and Data Entry

Serra, Victor Luis, FieldEnumerator and Data Entry

South, West and Central

Asia (SWCA), New Delhi,

India

Ilangantileke, Sarath,Postharvest Specialist, RegionalLeaderKadian, Mohinder Singh,

AgronomistGirish, Basavapatna Halappa, Potato

ScientistArya, Sushma, Accountant/Program

CoordinatorMony, Lalitha, Administrative

SecretaryVerma, Romi, Program Associate

Dasappan Jayakumar, ComputerAssistant

Jagram, Office AssistantAnjan, Barik, Office Driver

Liaison Office, Bhubaneswar,IndiaAttaluri, Sreekanth, SweetpotatoScientist, Liaison Scientist-BBSR,India

Liaison Office, Nagaland,Northeast IndiaLotha, Nsemo Thungjamo,Agronomist and Liaison Scientist

Liaison Office, Tashkent,UzbekistanCarli, Carlo, Regional SeedProduction SpecialistKhalikov, Durbek, Assistant

Agronomist

Vasilievna, Li Irina, Interpreter/TranslatorYangalichev, Rustam, Office Driver2

Khegay, Eduard, Office Driver1

Afghanistan Special Project,Kabul, Afghanistan-Liaison OfficeArif, Muhammad, Seed Specialist,(CIP-Afghanistan)3,2

Hussaini, Muhammad Essa, National/Local Coordinator-Afghanistan3,2

Bhutan Special Project-LiaisonOffice-BhutanRoder, Walter, Coordinator, CIP/

CFC (Bhutan)3

Norbu, Kencho, Driver

East and Southeast Asia

and the Pacific (ESEAP)

Bogor, IndonesiaEzeta, Fernando, Agronomist,Regional LeaderAgus, Irwansyah, Office DriverAsmunati, Rini, Research AssistantEti, Nurhayati, JanitorHidayat, Toteng, Facilities ManagerKosay, Luther, Research Assistant3

Kusbandi, Dessy, SecretaryMahalaya, Sukendra, ResearcherMa’mun, Asep, TechnicianMulyadi, Yaya, Office Driver

Nawawi, Kusye, AccountantSatiman, Partono, Office DriverSetiawan, Asep, Sweetpotato

BreederSuherman, Security GuardSyamsudin, Imam, Security GuardTjintokohadi, Koko, Research

AssistantDjumiyo, W., Security GuardCargill, Colin, Animal Scientist3

(Australia)



1 Joined CIP in 20062 Left CIP in 20063 Funded by special project4 Joint appointment

Liaison Office, Beijing, ChinaWang, Yi, Plant Physiologist,Liaison Scientist2

Dian-ping, Zhu, Yanqing StationManager and Technician

Bei, Zhou, Secretary andAccountantShi-an, Liu, Office Assistant and

DriverWang, Fengyi, Potato Production

Specialist (CIP-Beijing), DPRK Project Coordinator3

Consulting Agencies in theProvincesMin-shuang, Yao, Potato Seed

Technology, Breeding andTraining, Pengzhou Potato Unit,Sichuan Agriculture Bureau,Sichuan Province

Yu-ping, Bi, Pathogen Diagnosisand Training, Biotechnology

Center, Shandong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, ShandongProvince

Liaison Office, Hanoi, VietnamNguyen, Thi-Tinh, AnimalScientist, CIP-Liaison ScientistTa, Thi Bich Duyen, Project

Assistant2

Nguyen, Thia Hoa, Cleaner




CIP in theCGIAR

CIP is one of 15 food andenvironmental research centerslocated around the world thatmake up the Consultative Group onInternational AgriculturalResearch (CGIAR), a strategic globalpartnership of countries,international and regionalorganizations, and privatefoundations. Working with nationalagricultural research systems, theprivate sector and civil society, theCGIAR mobilizes agriculturalscience to reduce poverty, foster

human wellbeing, promoteagricultural growth, and protectthe environment.

The Centers collaborate amongthemselves and with their diversepartners through numerousprojects and system-wideprograms. The CGIAR is alsocreating a series of independentlygoverned partnerships among awide range of institutions for high-

Centers

supportedby theCGIAR

impact research that targetscomplex issues of overwhelmingglobal and/or regional significance.CIP has substantial participation ineach of these Challenge Programs,and intends to extend thisinvolvement to the Sub-SaharanAfrica Challenge Program,currently being formulated. Overthe past two years, three ChallengePrograms have been established:The Challenge Program on Waterand Food, The HarvestPlusChallenge Program, The

Generation Challenge Program

IFPRI

USA

CIAT

Colombia

WARDA

Cote d'ivoire

IPGRI

Italy

ICARDA

Syria

WORLD

AGROFORESTRY

CENTRE AND ILRI

Kenya

IWMI

Sri lanka

IITA

Nigeria

ICRISAT

India

CIP

Peru

CIFOR

Indonesia

CIMMYT

Mexico

WORLDFISH

CENTER

Malaysia

ClAT Centro Internacional de Agricultura TropicalCIFOR Center for International Forestry ResearchCIMMYT Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y TrigoCIP Centro Internacional de la PapaICARDA International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry AreasICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsIFPRl lnternational Food Policy Research InstituteIITA International Institute of Tropical AgricultureILRl lnternational Livestock Research InstituteIPGRI International Plant Genetic Resources InstituteIRRl lnternational Rice Research InstituteIWMl lnternational Water Management InstituteWARDA West Africa Rice Development Association

World Agroforestry CentreWorldFish Center

IRRI

Philippines




CIP. 2007. Strengthening assets:

enhancing impact


Annual Report 2006

© 2007, International Potato

Center

ISSN 0256-6311

Readers are encouraged to quote

or reproduce material from this

Report. As copyright holder CIP

requests acknowledgement and a

copy of the publication where the

citation or material appears.

Please send this to the

Communications and Public

Awareness Department at the

address below.


Apartado 1558, Lima 12, Perú

[email protected]

www.cipotato.org

Press run: 2,000

September 2007

Editor and principal writer

Paul Stapleton

Production coordinator

Cecilia Lafosse

Design and layout

Nini Fernández-Concha

CIP’s Mission

The International Potato Center

(CIP) seeks to reduce poverty and

achieve food security on a sustained

basis in developing countries

through scientific research and

related activities on potato,

sweetpotato, and other root and

tuber crops, and on the improved

management of natural resources in

potato and sweetpotato-based

systems.

The CIP Vision

The International Potato Center

(CIP) will contribute to reducing

poverty and hunger; improving

human health; developing resilient,

sustainable rural and urban

livelihood systems; and improving

access to the benefits of new and

appropriate knowledge and

technologies. CIP will address these

challenges by convening and

conducting research andsupporting partnerships on root and

tuber crops and on natural

resources management in mountain

systems and other less-favored

areas where CIP can contribute to

the achievement of healthy and

sustainable human development.

www.cipotato.org

CIP is supported by a group of

governments, private foundations,

and international and regional

organizations known as the

Consultative Group on International

Agricultural Research (CGIAR).

www.cgiar.org

CIP Annual Report 2006

Documents

Transcript of CIP Annual Report 2006