Chlorine dioxide for water in facilities

Clean Environmental Technologies

Expertise in the area: Health & Safety Environment Hygiene Over 10 years experience in the area of Health & Safety, Hygiene and Environmental Issues dealing within and outside of Facilities, Hotels, Hospitals, Industries.

We believe in a Holistic Approach to Solutions:

Water Treatment General Hygiene HVAC Management Wastewater Treatment Indoor Air Quality


What is Chlorine Dioxide? Except for sharing the word Chlorine in its name, it is totally

different. Chlorine dioxide and chlorine react in fundamentally

different ways with organic compounds, and as a result generate very different by-products.

Chlorine and chlorine dioxide are oxidising agents – electron receivers. Chlorine has the capacity to take in two electrons, whereas chlorine dioxide can absorb five, thus making Chlorine Dioxide 2.5x stronger than Chlorine.

Chlorine Dioxide does not react with Organics to form Trihalomethanes, while this is a major issue with Chlorine.


For Many Years, Companies Have Used Traditional Treatments, Such As Chlorination,

In An Attempt To Provide Bacterial Control


Despite Its Extensive Use, As A Disinfectant, Chlorine &

Other Similar Products Suffer From Several Problems In The Fight

Against Bacterial Infection...


Chlorine Does not remove Biofilm. Produces Trihalomethanes,

which are known Carcinogens. Corrosive and Difficult to handle. pH dependent, ineffective above

pH7. Ineffective against Cysts and

Protozoa. Limited Oxidative effect against

Chemical Contaminants.

Chlorine Dioxide Will remove Biofilm. Does not form Chlorinated by-

products. Not as Corrosive as Chlorine. Not pH dependent works upto

pH12. A very broad spectrum Kill.

Destroys Phenols, Hydrogen Sulphide and other Chemical Contaminants.


People mistake chlorine dioxide as chlorine.

What is Chlorine Dioxide?

Chlorine dioxide acts by first destroying the cell membrane, then the nucleus of the bacteria. Because the organism is totally destroyed no resistant strains can develop which enables chlorine dioxide to be used on a continuous basis without the need for alternating biocides.

The reaction of Chlorine Dioxide is as follows:5 NaClO2 + 4 HCl -> <- 4 ClO2 + 5 NaCl + H2O



Regular Chlorination Chlorine Dioxide


• As bacteria begin to grow and multiply unchecked in your

water system, they cling to the surfaces of tanks and pipework –

forming a polysaccharide layer called biofilm.

• As well as harbouring a number of dangerous bacteria, this

biofilm also begins to corrode your pipework, and attach to

scale and other deposits.

A number of illnesses arise from your water in the tanks and pipes that is infected with bacterial infection.

E.Coli Streptococci Staphylococci Salmonella Campylobacter Cryptosporidium Legionella Pnemophilia


As a biocide Chlorine Dioxide will act against:

Bacteria Viruses Fungi Spores Tuberculosis


Biofilm.

The Real Danger


The Risk to You:Unless you take a holistic approach you are: Reducing Safety Loosing Energy Loosing Money Having more sick people around



Typical Problems Noticed Poor Incoming Water Quality Poor Water Treatment Storage Tanks too big and

exposed. Poor Quality Pipework. Poor Maintenance of Services

leading to generation of Biofilm, Limescale and Corrosion.

The biggest threat to the water system is the ability of large numbers of bacteria to join together to form a community.

The bacteria enter the water system looking for food and once having found it residing inside the system by secreting a polysaccharide glue like substance to the walls of the tank and pipes. The colony keeps growing and the biofilm provides shelter to the bacteria in the system from external biocidal treatments. During continuous water supply the biofilm breaks sometime infecting the water.

The bacterial communities formed by buildup of bacteria and thriving in the system with the aid of the Polysaccharide substance is called

BIOFILM



Biofilms Provide A Safe Refuge for all types of infections In Pipework, where pathogens, can grow and feed on nutrients in the system


Chlorine cannot penetrate the biofilm, leaving the bacteria

Intact under the biofilm free to Multiply

The bacteria that has re-multiplied under the biofilm will break into the water as little as 2 hours after treatment and re-infect the water.


Only Chlorine Dioxide disinfection can remove the biofilm by penetrating it and oxidizing it.

Chlorine Dioxide uses the power of the 2 Oxygen molecules to completely destroy the cell membrane and nucleus.

The oxidising process is so strong, that resistance cannot build up.



Biofilms – A Problem. Leads to Biofouling and Biocorrosion. A harbour for dangerous Micro-organisms. Difficult to remove. Biofilm formation on Heat-Exchange surfaces, causes

insulation effect and Loss in Efficiency of Boilers, Cooling Towers, Chillers, Air-Conditioners and Ventilating Systems.

Tendency to develop in “Dead Legs” of Pipework and in Low-Flow areas around bends in pipework.

Every grain of sand in a filter system will contain biofilm – A huge surface area for potential contamination of the water supply.


Legionella pneumophila

The Hidden Threat


• Found in systems such as cooling towers, evaporative condensers, humidifiers, fountains, spa baths, warm water systems, dead legs and shower heads

• A health hazard if the aerosol or the water droplets are inhaled.

Legionella are not well adapted to life in water systems and often require a BIOFILM for protection.

Very difficult to detect.Legionella bacterium can

hide inside a single cell structure like an amoeba and therefore not easily detectable.


Legionella Bacteria Need Protection

Why Should you Remove Biofilm? With the presence of the Biofilm there is a constant risk of

repeated bacterial infection in your water supply. Besides this leads to the propogation of the Super Bug (examples of NDM-1, MRSA & VRE). Antibiotics in hospitals are given in liquid form and then the spoons are washed in the sink from where the antibiotic travels inside the pipe now heavily diluted but the bacteria under the biofilm get exposed to the antibiotic, which in turn mutate and become more virulent.


Why Should you Remove Biofilm? Flow-rates inside the pipes will be reduced due to

buildup of biofilm thereby reducing the diameter of the pipe. This will also lead to higher corrosion levels of the pipework as the biofilm begins to feed on the Pipework.


Remove Biofilm for Good.It is important for you to use the “new” biocide,

chlorine dioxide on a constant dosing basis as against for an annual or 6 monthly tank disinfection, consider this:

Pathogenic Bacteria within a water system can double in number every 20 minutes and can begin to reform a biofilm just within 2 hours after disinfection.

Would it be enough to pay attention to other parts of your hygiene system once per year?


Benefits of Biofilm RemovalBuilding Water Systems. Safer Water Faster Elimination of Contamination Reduced Corrosion Rates Better Water-Flows & Pressure Nozzles, Showerheads and taps remain clean Heat-Transfer efficiency improves Ability to save energy by reducing time of the heater to raise

the temperature of the hot water


Benefits of Biofilm RemovalCooling Towers Removal of foul odours in Cooling Towers Pumping Systems are put under less strain and do not require to be

replaced often Use of less expensive corrosion inhibitors No requirement to use expensive alternating biocide programs Reduction or elimination of flocculants and coagulants Improved cooling reduces operating temperatures, saving on water

wastage through evaporation and frequent blowdowns Combination of all the above could lead to a savings of upto 40% in

operating cost reductions


Chlorine dioxide for water in facilities

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