Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The...
Transcript of Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The...
![Page 1: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Checking The Weather
N i c k C z e r n k o v i c hM e t e o r o l o g i s t , C B C
T r a n s p o r t C a n a d a S a f e t y S e m i n a r
O c t o b e r 1 7 , 2 0 0 7
![Page 2: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
Overview of Aviation Weather
The tools available to pilots
METARs, TAFs, GFAs, PIREPs
Satellite
Radar
Upper Level Charts
![Page 3: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Outline
Checking The Weather - A System For Pilots
Lake Effect Snow (LES) - Case Study
General Notes On Weather
Questions
![Page 4: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Sources Of Weather
Information
![Page 5: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Classic Weather Information
METARs
METAR CYWG 172000Z 30015G25KT 3/4SM R36/4000FT/D -SN BLSN BKN 008 OVC M05/M08 A2992 REFZRA WS RWY 36 RMK SF5NS3 SLP 134
![Page 6: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Classic Weather Information
TAFs
TAF AMD CYHM 050349Z 050324 04005KT 1/4SM FG VV001 TEMPO 0314 2SM BR SCT001 FM1400Z 08006KT P6SM SCT040 TEMPO 1416 2SM BR SCT001 BECMG 2123 19008KT RMK NXT FCST BY 06Z=
![Page 7: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Classic Weather Information
![Page 8: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Classic Weather Information
PIREPS
UACNN01 CYGK 142124YZ UUA /OV CYKZ /TM 2056 /FLDURD /TP C208 /TB LGT-MDT /RM WND SHR +/- 10 KTS FINAL RWY 33
UACN10 CYYB 142047 YZ UA /OV CYYB 130065 /TM 2047 /FLDURD /TP SW4 /TB MDT FL120-080 /RM TB FM YXI TO 20 NW YXI
UACN10 CYSN 142038 YZ UA /OV YSN /TM 2038 /FL020 /TP B06 /TB LGT-MDT CYTZ-CYSN
![Page 9: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Two Basic Types Of Scanning Strategies
GOES
POES
Satellite
WEST EAST
![Page 10: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Satellite
Imager Instrument Characteristics (GOES I-M)
Channel No. 1 (Vis) 2 (SW) 3 (WV) 4 (IR) 5 (IR 2)
Wavelength (um) 0.55-0.75 3.80-4.00 6.50-7.00 10.20-11.20 11.50-12.50
IGFOV 1 km 4 km 8 km 4 km 4 km
Radiometric calibration Space and 290K infrared internal blackbody
Imaging Rate Full earth disc, less than or equal to 26 minutes
![Page 11: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
SatelliteVisible
![Page 12: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Satellite
Imager Instrument Characteristics (GOES I-M)
Channel No. 1 (Vis) 2 (SW) 3 (WV) 4 (IR) 5 (IR 2)
Wavelength (um) 0.55-0.75 3.80-4.00 6.50-7.00 10.20-11.20 11.50-12.50
IGFOV 1 km 4 km 8 km 4 km 4 km
Radiometric calibration Space and 290K infrared internal blackbody
Imaging Rate Full earth disc, less than or equal to 26 minutes
![Page 13: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
SatelliteInfrared
![Page 14: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Satellite
Imager Instrument Characteristics (GOES I-M)
Channel No. 1 (Vis) 2 (SW) 3 (WV) 4 (IR) 5 (IR 2)
Wavelength (um) 0.55-0.75 3.80-4.00 6.50-7.00 10.20-11.20 11.50-12.50
IGFOV 1 km 4 km 8 km 4 km 4 km
Radiometric calibration Space and 290K infrared internal blackbody
Imaging Rate Full earth disc, less than or equal to 26 minutes
![Page 15: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
SatelliteWater Vapour
![Page 16: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Satellite
Visible Infrared Water Vapour
![Page 17: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Satellite
Visible Infrared Water Vapour
![Page 18: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Satellite
Visible Infrared Water Vapour
![Page 19: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
SatelliteIR vs. Visible
![Page 20: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Satellite
Satellite Errors
Position Error Due To Parallax
Viewing Side of Clouds
Overlap Between Pixels
Sensor Lag
![Page 21: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Weather Radar
Pulsed Weather Radar
Transmitter
Antenna
Receiver
Processor & Displays
![Page 22: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Weather RadarL 15-30 cm ATC Enroute
S 7.5-15 cm Weather Surveillance - Terminal
C 3.75-7.5 cm Weather Surveillance
X 2.4-3.75 cm Weather Surveillance - Ships
Ku 1.67-2.4 cm Weather Avoidance
K 1.13-1.67 cm Small Aircraft
Ka .75-1.13 cm Cloud Detection
![Page 23: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Weather RadarL 15-30 cm ATC Enroute
S 7.5-15 cm Weather Surveillance - Terminal
C 3.75-7.5 cm Weather Surveillance
X 2.4-3.75 cm Weather Surveillance - Ships
Ku 1.67-2.4 cm Weather Avoidance
K 1.13-1.67 cm Small Aircraft
Ka .75-1.13 cm Cloud Detection
![Page 24: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Weather RadarScan Strategies
Plan Position Indicator (PPI) vs. Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator (CAPPI)
![Page 25: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Plan Position Indicator (PPI) vs. Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator (CAPPI)
Weather RadarScan Strategies
![Page 26: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Weather RadarScan Strategies
Plan Position Indicator (PPI) vs. Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator (CAPPI)
![Page 27: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Weather RadarErrors
Beam Blocking
Attenuation
![Page 28: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Weather RadarErrors
Overshooting Beam
Virga
![Page 29: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Weather RadarErrors
Ground Clutter
Anomalous Propagation
![Page 30: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Weather RadarPut It In Motion!
![Page 31: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Weather RadarBase vs. Composite
![Page 32: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Weather RadarV.I.P.
VIP 1 & 2 - Weak to moderate, turbulence possible, with lightning
VIP 3 - Strong, severe turbulence possible, lightning
VIP 4 - Very strong, severe turbulence likely, lightning
VIP 5 - Intense, severe turbulence likely, organized wind gusts, hail likely
VIP 6 - Extreme, severe turbulence, large hail, lightning, extensive wind gusts and turbulence
![Page 33: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Checking The Weather
![Page 34: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Checking The Weather
MAIN POINT: Understand Why
3 Steps:
What is happening right now
General forecast of synoptic features
Time and location specific forecasts
![Page 35: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Checking The WeatherA Memory Tool
3586982678129052
19 32 18 06 51 32 97 46
CHUNKING
3586982678129052
![Page 36: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Checking The Weather
What is happening now?
General Synopsis
Satellite
National & Regional Radar
Upper-level charts
Surface Analysis
![Page 37: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Mesoscale Weather Analysis
Departure/Enroute/Destination
Local Satellite
Local Radar
METARs
PIREPs
Checking The Weather
![Page 38: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Checking The Weather
General Weather Forecast
Motion of fronts and weather systems
GFAs
Linear advection of clouds and weather
Radar/Satellite/History
![Page 39: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Checking The Weather
Specific Weather Forecast
Chunk The Forecast
Departure/Enroute/Destination
Use GFAs/SIGMETs/FIP(ADDS)/TAFs
Other considerations:
Runway in use/condition/Day or Night
Fog/Wind/Visibility/System history
![Page 40: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Let’s Check The Weather
An Example
![Page 41: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Lake Effect Snow
![Page 42: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Lake Effect Snow
Open body of water
Cold arctic air flowing over relatively warm water
Typically occurs when a polar vortex slides south
![Page 43: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Lake Effect Snow
Requirements for LES:
Water surface to 850 mb air temperature - MINIMUM 13 C
Low Shear - Ideally < 30 deg, Sfc-700mb
Long Fetch
![Page 44: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Lake Effect Snow
![Page 45: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Lake Effect Snow
Zero-zero conditions
Severe icing - particularly near water
Rapid snow accumulations
Fairly low phenomenon - (5000-9000 ft)
Generally quite localized
![Page 46: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Lake Effect Snow
![Page 47: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Lake Effect Snow
![Page 48: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Lake Effect SnowCase Study
![Page 49: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Lake Effect SnowCase Study
TAF CYYZ 032345 040012 24025G35KT 10SM FEW040 BKN250 TEMPO 0004 2SM -SHSN BECMG 0204 27020G30 BKN030 TEMPO 0712 2SM +SHSN OVC 020 RMK NXT FCST BY 06Z=
![Page 50: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Lake Effect SnowCase Study
500 mb Chart
![Page 51: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Lake Effect SnowCase Study
500 mb Chart
![Page 52: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Lake Effect SnowCase Study
700 mb Chart
![Page 53: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Lake Effect SnowCase Study
850 mb Chart
![Page 54: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Lake Effect SnowCase Study
STN YYZ - for use 3000 6000 9000
FDCN01 CWAO FCST BASED ON 04000 DATA VALID 040600 05-09 2844 2818-24 2616-31
FDCN02 CWAO FCST BASED ON 04000 DATA VALID 041200 09-18 2744 2822-25 2738-30
FDCN03 CWAO FCST BASED ON 04000 DATA VALID 050000 18-05 2739 3032-27 3023-35
![Page 55: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Lake Effect SnowCase Study
CYYZ 040300Z 26029G34KT 15SM DRSN FEW025 M12/M17 A2985 RMK SF1 SLP122
CYYZ 040200Z 26026G34KT 10SM DRSN FEW018 FEW027 M11/M15 A2983 RMK SF2SC1 SLP113
CYYZ 040100Z 24023G32KT 8SM -SHSN FEW040 BKN280 M11/M14 A2980 RMK SC1CS2 SLP105
CYYZ 040000Z 24023G31KT 15SM FEW050 BKN280 M10/M16 A2977 RMK SC1CI2 SLP096
![Page 56: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Lake Effect SnowCase Study
GFA 00Z
![Page 57: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Lake Effect SnowCase Study
GFA 06Z
![Page 58: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Lake Effect SnowCase Study
GFA 12Z
![Page 59: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Lake Effect SnowCase Study
TAF CYYZ 032345 040012 24025G35KT 10SM FEW040 BKN250 TEMPO 0004 2SM -SHSN BECMG 0205 29025G35 SCT030 TEMPO 0712 2SM +SHSN OVC 020 RMK NXT FCST BY 06Z=
![Page 60: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
General Notes On Weather
![Page 61: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Weather NotesModel Of A CycloneAirflow around a cyclone
Warm/Cold conveyor belts
Warm conveyor belt advects higher T and TdWarm overriding cold - freezing rainMaximum precipitation and icing
NW quadrant
LL
![Page 62: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Weather NotesFronts
How intense is the front?
Intensity of the wind shift
Strength of LLJ in advance of a cold front
Gustiness behind the front
Temperature gradient across front
![Page 63: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Weather NotesFronts
How intense is the weather along a front?
Note the dewpoints in the warm sector
LLJ and warm conveyor belt
Time of day
History
![Page 64: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Weather NotesFronts
Weather in the warm sector
Increased temperature/humidity
Decreased stability
Reduced visibility
![Page 65: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Weather NotesFronts
Weather behind a cold front
Gusty winds
Wind shift from SW to NW
Winter - clear immediately behind front BUT about 50 miles back is low stratocumulus ... ICING!!
![Page 66: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Weather NotesFinding The Front
![Page 67: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Weather NotesThunderstorms
Signposts In The Sky:
In the warm sector
High humidity
High temperatures
Morning instability
Altocumulus Castelanus
![Page 69: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
WEATHER NOTESTHUNDERSTORMS
![Page 70: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
WEATHER NOTESTHUNDERSTORMS
![Page 71: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Weather NotesThunderstorms
Warm Fronts
CB bases tend to be higher
Tend to be less intense (not always though!)
More widespread
Cold Fronts
More vigorous
More concentrated
![Page 72: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Weather NotesThunderstorms
Avoiding Thunderstorms In Flight
Temperature above freezing - 5 miles
Temperature below freezing - 10 miles
Altitudes above FL250 - 20 miles
Downwind (under anvil) - possible hail
Upwind - New cell development
Generally - Fly upwind a distance of 1 mile / knot of wind at altitude
![Page 73: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Weather NotesElectrical Discharge
Charge accumulation due to:
Flying through electric fields
Flying through precipitation - drizzle/snow
Evidence of charge:
Radio static
St. Elmo’s fire (corona discharge)
![Page 74: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Weather NotesElectrical Discharge
Discharge:
Airplane flies through a region of strong opposite polarity
Produces a loud bang and bright flash
Usually leaves a few holes in the airplane near the wing-tip, tail come, radome
![Page 75: Checking The Weather - AEROSAFETYaerosafety.ca/sources/CheckingTheWeather.pdf · Checking The Weather. C h eckin g T h e W eath er General Weather Forecast Motion of fronts and weather](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022118/5ce80d7a88c99304558de294/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Weather NotesElectrical Discharge
Avoidance
Good luck!
Turn on prop alcohol
Key the microphone every few minutes
Avoid flight near +/- 4 °C
Avoid flight near -10 °C around storms