Chapter TwoThe Planting of English America

AP U.S. History

Types of Colonies

• proprietary colonies - land grants given to individuals or small groups

• charter colonies - land grants (or charters) given to private companies

• royal colonies - Crown had complete control over governmental actions (they appointed the govenor and the council)

• Often chartered colonies became royal colonies after their charter was revoked.

England’s Imperial Stirrings

• Queen Elizabeth • Puritanism increases• Competition with Spain – Protestant England vs. Catholic Spain

Elizabeth Energizes England

• Sir Frances Drake – pirated Spanish ships• Sir Humphrey Gilbert/Sir Walter Raleigh - Roanoke• Defeat of Spanish Armada – naval dominance over Atlantic• England on eve of colonizing:– Strong unified nation under popular monarch– Religious unity– Strong nationalism

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England on the Eve of Empire

• Overpopulation, unemployment• Land practice (primogeniture) • Joint Stock company – financial means

England Plants the Jamestown Seedling

• King – James• VA Co. of London• GOLD!!!! No• Food?? No• John Smith• Powhatan• 1609 – 1610 – Starving Time - 60 0f 400 survived

Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake

• Declaration of War against Indians• 2 Anglo-Powhatan Wars – Results?– Indians gone, colonists move West– VA co. bankrupt, lost charter, becomes royal

charter

• Diseases – destroyed cultures, traditions• Competition increased among groups for

European goods

Virginia: Child of Tobacco• John Rolfe• Basis of economy – “Colony built on smoke”• Plantations/rivers• Dutch – 20 slaves• Indentured servants• House of Burgesses – 1619 – first colonial parliament

Maryland: Catholic Haven

• Lord Baltimore• Proprietary Colony• Safe Haven for Catholics, but…• Act of Religious Tolerance - 1649 - Catholics sought to protect their faith by granting a certain degree of

religious freedom.

The West Indies: Way Station…

• Sugar Cane – expensive• dependent on slave labor - slaves outnumbered whites 4:1• Barbados Code• As sugar plantations began to crowd out small farmers, many came to

Carolina with their slaves to farm.

Colonizing the Carolinas

• Goal – grow food for Barbados• Rice – required hard labor – slaves• Slave Codes• Charlestown• North Carolina – VA’s “trash” 1712

Georgia

• James Oglethorpe• Buffer between Carolina/Spanish

Florida/French Louisiana• Savannah• Debtors

Questions

• What did England and the English settlers really want from colonization? Did they get what they wanted?

• How did the reliance on plantation agriculture affect the southern colonies?