THE PLANTING OF ENGLISH AMERICA CHAPTER 2 (1500-1733)
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Transcript of THE PLANTING OF ENGLISH AMERICA CHAPTER 2 (1500-1733)
THE PLANTING OF ENGLISH AMERICA
CHAPTER 2(1500-1733)
Complex?American Themes
Passion for freedomPursuit of EducationFaith in popular governmentAccepting of new ideas We are the “City on the Hill”
Day 1, Ice Breaker!!
Who is LTC Kincaid?Who are you?
Where are you from?What do you like about history and
Government?What are your hobbies?What is your favorite movie?What was the last book you read (not
assigned)?Name a national issue that is, or will be,
important to you
What are your responsibilities? Syllabus Goals Format
Notes
RulesEthics
Homework Grades Notebooks Help Bathroom Questions??
Dawning of 17th Century
Columbian Exchange
Mercantilism Limit Imports/Enhance Exports Gold and other precious metals determine wealth of a nation
Peruvian and Mexican silver Religion
Catholicism Protestantism
Far Distant Colonies Spanish (Santa Fe) in 1610 (soldiers) French (Quebec) in 1608 (priests and trading posts) English (Jamestown) in 1607 (families)
England’s Imperial Stirrings
Economic recession and depression hits England1550s (farmers and
sheepherders)
Puritanism taking hold “Surplus” population
through the 1600s
Page 25
England’s Imperial Stirrings
Spain “on a roll” after 1492 for nearly 70 yearsAdvantage over
PortugalEngland
Internal domestic English Protestant
Reformation period by King Henry VIII in 1530s
Elizabeth Energizes England
Elizabeth consolidates Protestantism and crushes Catholics
English buccaneers Raid Spanish treasure
ships Twin goals (promote)
Protestantism Seizing Spanish gold
and other treasures
Sir Francis Drake
Page 26
England’s Imperial Stirrings Rise of Protestant Queen
Elizabeth IVirgin QueenEconomic, Political and
Military struggle with Spain to compete for New World order and opportunitiesSir Humphrey GilbertNewfoundland
King Philip II (Spain) Sir Walter Raleigh
Wit, good looks and courtly manners
Royal Charter (contract)Roanoke (1585)
Elizabeth Energizes England
War with Spain 1588 Spanish flotilla, 130
strong, into the English ChannelLarge versus small
shipsTacticsWeather
End of the Spanish imperial dreams
England rules the seas
p27
England on the Eve of Empire
Expanding populationFlowering of English
national spirit Golden Age of LiteratureWilliam Shakespeare
Treaty (1604) with SpainEngland launches into
colonization of the New World
England Plants the Jamestown Seedling
“Rights of Englishmen” Festered resentment of the
mother country and the Catholic King
King James I Raleigh sells vested
interests in North America charter
Virginia Company of London Joint-Stock company (1606)
Chesapeake Bay Jamestown (1607) James River
p28
England Plants the Jamestown Seedling
JamestownChristopher Newport108 settlers
40 perish in first winter
Ships (hurricane) shipwrecked in Bermuda
John Smith“He who shall not
work shall not eat.”Captured (December
1607)
England Plants the Jamestown Seedling
Pocahontas Chief Powhatan Opanchancanough
Under-chief Chief of the
Pamunkies Uncle of Pocahontas
John Smith nearly killed Returned to England
(1609) Settlers decide to
return themselves James River going
home in 1610
Cultural Class in the Chesapeake
Lord De La WarrMet settlers Irish tacticsAggressive
campaign against the Indians
By 1625; only 1,200 of 8,000 settlers survive
"Arrival of Lord del la Warr"
Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake
Powhatan’s ConfederacyAsserted
supremacyLord De La Warr
Employed the “Irish tactics”
Raided Indian villages, burned houses, confiscated provisions and torched cornfields”
First Anglo-Powhatan War (1614)Ended with
marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahontas
First interracial union in Virginia
Second Anglo-Powhatan War
Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake
Second Anglo-Powhatan War 1644Death of
Pocahontas in 1617Gravesend, England
OpenchancanoughTreaty (1646)Native-Americans
10% (2,000 Indians) left in Virginia by 1669
Powhatan’s calamitous misfortune Victim of the
three Ds:1. Disease2. Disorganization3. disposability
The Indians’ New World
Demise of the Indian in Virginia and surrounding areaThree DsForced migrationTrade transformationExpanding Atlantic
economy Inferior resentment
by English
Virginia: Child of Tobacco
John Rolfe“father of the
tobacco industry”“bewitching weed”“King Nicotine”Promoted the
broad-acred plantation system Demand for laborSlave labor
Virginia: Child of Tobacco
Slaves to Virginia 1619 Jamestown By 1650, three-hundred
slaves (14% of the population)
King James I Hostile toward Virginia Desired tobacco, but
distrusted the House of Burgesses
First legislative body in North America
“seminary of sedition”
Revoked Charter making it a royal colony directly under his control
Maryland: Catholic Haven
Maryland was formed in 1634 by Lord Baltimore.
Maryland was made for a refuge for the Catholics to escape the wrath of the Protestant English government.
The Act of Toleration, which was passed in 1649 by the local representative group in Maryland, granted toleration to all Christians.
p33
The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America
By the mid-17th Century, England had secured its claim to several West Indian Islands.
Sugar was, by far, the major crop on the Indian Islands.
To support the massive sugar crops, millions of African slaves were imported. By 1700, the number of black slaves to white settlers in the English West Indies by nearly 4 to 1. .
The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America
SugarWhereas, tobacco
was considered a “poor man’s” crop; sugar a “rich man’s” crop
Captial-intensive businessCropsMillRefining of the
SugarLabor intensive
The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America
Sugar cane plantations in West IndiesWithin 50 years
250,000 slavesFour-to-one
dominanceNotorious
“Barbados slave code of 1661”Denied basic human
rights to Africans
The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America
English farmers in West Indies “squeezed out” by sugar ownersSmall group of
barons from Barbados arrived in Carolina in 1670Slaves and Slave
codes (1696)Encomienda
system
Colonizing the Carolinas
1640s England, King Charles I Dismissed ParliamentOliver Cromwell rebellion
English Civil warPuritans11 years
King Charles II restored throne in 1660
p36
13 Original Colonies (page 37)
The Thirteen Original Colonies
NameFounded By Year
Virginia London Co. 1607
New Hampshire John Mason and Others 1623
Massachusetts PlymouthMaine
PuritansSeparatistsF. Gorges
162816201623
Maryland Lord Baltimore 1634
ConnecticutNew Haven
Mass. EmigrantsMass. Emigrants
16351638
Rhode Island R. Williams 1636
Delaware Swedes 1638
N. Carolina Virginians 1653
New York Dutch Dutch of York
16131664
New Jersey Berkeley and Carteret 1664
Carolina Eight Nobles 1670
Pennsylvania William Penn 1681
Georgia Oglethorpe and others 1733
The Emergence of North Carolina
Poorer tobacco planters to North Carolina Haven for pirates Cape Hatteras
“graveyard of the Atlantic”
Developed a strong spirit of resistance to authority
Separated in 1712 from South Carolina
The Emergence of North Carolina
Spanish Florida using tribes to harass southern colonies
North Carolinas defeated the Tuscarora Indians 6th tribe of the
Iroquois Confederation
South Carolinas defeated the Yamasee Indians
The Emergence of North Carolina
By 1720Hills and valleys of
the Appalachian MountainsCherokeesCreeks Iroquois
The Iroquois
Mohawk Valley (NY) Iroquois Confederacy
Mohawks Oneidas Onondagas Cayugas Senecas
Deganawidah and Hiawatha
Algonkin (Algonquin)
The Iroquois
LonghouseMaternal
Government and constitution
Mohawks“keepers of the
Eastern Fire”Middlemen to the
European traders
Seneca“Keepers of the
Western Fire”Fur trading
EnemiesHuronsEriesPetuns
Late-Coming of Georgia
English crown intended Georgia to be a buffer zone against Spanish Florida
Named in honor of King George II of England James Oglethorpe Savannah Charleston German Lutherans Scots Highlanders No Catholics
The Plantation Colonies
Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina and GeorgiaTobaccoRice IndigoSugar
1558 - Elizabeth I becomes queen of England 1565-1590 - English crush Irish uprising 1577 - Drake circumnavigates the globe 1585 - Raleigh founds Roanoke colony 1588 - England defeats Spanish Armada 1603 - James I becomes kind of England 1604 - Spain and England sign peace treaty 1607 - Virginia colony founded at Jamestown 1612 - Rolfe perfects tobacco culture in Virginia 1614 - First Anglo-Powhatan War ends 1619 - First Africans in Jamestown. Virginia House of Burgesses 1624 -
Virginia becomes a royal colony 1634 - Maryland colony founded 1640s - Large-scale slave-labor system in English West Indies 1644 - Second Anglo-Powhatan War 1649 - Act of Toleration in Maryland. Charles I beheaded; Cromwell rules England 1660 - Charles II restored to English throne 1661 - Barbados slave code adopted 1670 - Carolina colony created 1711-1713 - Tuscarora War in North Carolina 1712 - North Carolina formally separates from South Carolina 1715-1716 - Yamasee War in South Carolina 1733 - Georgia colony founded