The Planting of English America Remember the other colonizing powers: Spain, Swedes, France,...
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Transcript of The Planting of English America Remember the other colonizing powers: Spain, Swedes, France,...
The Planting of English America
Remember the other colonizing powers: Spain,
Swedes, France, Netherlands
Protestant Reformation in Protestant Reformation in EnglandEnglandKing Henry VIII
breaks with Roman Catholic Church
Forms Anglican Church
His daughter, Elizabeth, begins England’s Golden Age and a rivalry with Catholic Spain
Elizabeth Energizes Elizabeth Energizes EnglandEnglandElizabeth sends
English seadogs to pirate and plunder Spanish ships
Sir Francis Drake also becomes first English seadog that would circumnavigate the globe.
First attempts at EnglishFirst attempts at English colonization fail colonization fail
Sir Humphrey Gilbert fails in New Found Land
Sir Walter Raleigh and The Lost Colony (Roanoke)
1588 1588 The Defeat of Philip IIThe Defeat of Philip II’’s Spanish s Spanish Armada!Armada!EnglandEngland’’s sea dogs defeat larger s sea dogs defeat larger Spanish ships. England becomes Spanish ships. England becomes ““mistress of the shipsmistress of the ships””..
England reaches new England reaches new heightsheights
Popular strong monarchGolden Age of LiteratureSense of NationalismReligious unityMistress of the seas
Why England Sets SailWhy England Sets SailMushrooming
population Enclosure
movementUnemploymentPrimogeniture
Joint Stock Company
By the 1600s the joint stock company was perfected, forerunner to modern capitalism (pooling capital)
JamestownJamestown1606 Virginia
Company received a charter from King James I to settle in New World
Searching for gold but cash crop turned out to be tobacco
1st permanent settlement in the New World
JamestownJamestown’’s Starving Time s Starving Time Winter 1609Winter 1609
Early settlers worked little
Mosquito InfestedDisease MalnutritionStarvation 1608 Captain John
Smith saved colony by his “no work, no food” policy.
Pocahontas saves John Smith
Cultural Clash in the Cultural Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeakePowhatan’s
Confederacy and the early settlers briefly coexisted – he wanted them as an ally to extend his power
Colonists raided Indian food stuffs during starving time
• Lord de la Warr – governor arrived with orders to war with the Indians
Cultural Clash in the Cultural Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeake
First Anglo- Powhatan War (1614)
Lord de la Warr◦ Raided Indian Villages◦ Burned houses◦ Confiscated provisions◦ Torched cornfields
Ended in peace agreement
Pocahontas married John Rolfe
Cultural Clash in the Cultural Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeake
8 years later – Natives push back
Natives pressed by land hungry whites
European diseasesVirginia Company
says “perpetual war without peace or truce”
English raids reduced population and drove remaining Indians westward
Cultural Clash in the Cultural Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeakeSecond Anglo-
Powhatan War (1646)
Last attemptPeace Treaty
signedBanishes
Chesapeake Indians from their native lands
Virginia: Child of TobaccoVirginia: Child of TobaccoJohn Rolfe –
“father of tobacco”
cash crop - tobacco
Plantation system
• First African Americans arrived in 1619
• Most farmers couldn’t afford slaves at this time
Representative self government Representative self government was born in Virginiawas born in Virginia
The Virginia House of Burgesses set America on a road towards self-rule.
James I called it a “seminary of sedition”.
1634 Maryland A 1634 Maryland A ““Catholic Catholic HavenHaven””Founded by Lord
Baltimore as a safe haven for persecuted Catholics.
Feudal estates granted by Lord Baltimore to close associates
Tobacco was cash crop
MarylandMaryland’’s Act of s Act of TolerationTolerationGuaranteed religious toleration
to all Christians but decreed death penalty to those not believe in divinity of Christ.
The British West IndiesThe British West IndiesBy 1600s Britain
was successfully colonizing the West Indies
Sugar was main crop grown by African slaves.
Slave Codes established legal status of slaves / masters
Colonizing the CarolinasColonizing the CarolinasBack in England a
brief Civil War had dispatched Charles I.
Oliver Cromwell had ruled for 10 years but the Restoration had returned Charles II to the throne of England. Colonization could begin again.
Oliver Cromwell
1670 Carolina founded1670 Carolina foundedNamed for
Charles IIClose economic
ties to West Indies because of port of Charleston
Rice a principle crop
Slaves imported
North Carolina 1712North Carolina 1712Squatters from
Virginia began to enter the Carolinas
Upset established aristocratic Charleston planters
“North Carolinians” were more independent minded than the planters
Georgia: The Georgia: The ““buffer buffer colonycolony””Georgia was
intended to be a buffer colony between Spanish Florida , French Louisiana and Indians
The Charity ColonyNamed for George IIFounded by James
Oglethrope