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Chapter 7Chapter 7
Electrical properties
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Typical values of electrical conductivity
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Formation of polyacetylene and polyethylene
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Polyparaphenylene and polypyrrole
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Electrical resistance of YBa2Cu3O7
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Meissner effect showing repulsion of a superconductor
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Levitation inaction
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Type I and II superconductors
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Some superconducting materials
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Perovskite-related cuperate structures showing octahedral
YBa2Cu3O6
YBa2Cu3O7
BaTiO3RbxWO3
ABO3
A3B3O9-2
A3B3O9-3
Cu2+
Cu+
Cu2+
Cu3+
Y
Ba
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Perovskite-related cuperate structures showing square planar
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Cu+3, d8; Cu+2, d9; and Cu(I), d10s1
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Crystal structures of YBa2Cu3O7 and YBa2Cu3O6
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Tc vs oxygen content
YBa2Cu3O
YBa2Cu3O
Pressure of O2 in bars
Oxygen loss on heating
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Tc as a function of lattice parameter for K3C60
more metallic less metallic
The interaction of C603- anions determines conductivity.
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Conductivity of metals, semiconductors and insulators
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Relation between electronic properties and magnitude of the band gap
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p-type semiconductivity in gallium-doped silicon
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n-type semiconductivity in arsenic-doped silicon
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Migration of cation vacancies
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Schematic ionic conductivity of doped NaCl crystal
Em = activation energy of cation migrationEf = activation energy to form Schottky defects
= ne0exp(-Em/RT)
n = N exp(-Ef/2RT)
Low tempHigh temp
Na1-2xMnxVxCl
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Pathway for Na+ migration in NaCl
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Triangular interstice
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Ionic conductivity of pure NaCl as a function of temperature
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Conductivity in NaCl crystals
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Migration of interstitial Ag+ ions by direct interstitial jump and indirect interstitialcy mechanism
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Effect of Cd+2 on conductivity of AgCl crystals
depends on[Agi
+]
Addition of Cd2+ decreases [Agi+] first, then increase [VAg].
This indicates more than one mechanisms for conductivity.
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Solid electrolytes as intermediate between normal crystalline solids and liquids
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Ionic conductivity of some solid electrolytes
LTHT
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Oxide layers in -alumina
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Oxide packing in - and ’’-alumina
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Conduction plane in -alumina
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Conductivity of PbF2
An example of F- anionic conductor
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Some oxide ion conductors
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Electrochemical cell containing a solid electrolyte
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Components of a secondary lithium battery
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A thin film electrochromic device
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Oxygen concentration cell
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Dielectric material between two plates of a parallel plate capacitor
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Hysteresis loop of a ferroelectric
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Some ferroelectric materials
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Spontaneous polarization of a TiO6 octahedron in BaTiO3
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Dipole orientation in a ferroelectric, an antiferroelectric, and a ferrielectric
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Ferroelectric domains separated by a domain wall or boundary
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Dielectric constant for barium titanate ceramic
paraelectricantiferroelectric
‘= C/(T-)
Curie-Weiss Law
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Antiferroelectric-ferroelectric transition in PbZrO3 as a function of applied field
antiferroelectric
ferroelectric
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Displacement of phosphorus within a PO2(OH)2