CHAPTER 3: The Presence

of Roman Catholicism

Spanish Missions

• 1500s in Florida & southwesto priests came with explorers

• 1700s in California o mission systemo Junipero Serra

French Missions

• 1500s in Canadao Franciscans & Jesuitso learned native languageso intermarried

• 1600s in Maine & New Orleans

English Colonies

• Exclusion of Catholic minorityo no voting rightso religious tests for public office

• Exceptions:o Maryland & Lord Baltimoreo Pennsylvaniao New York

Consecration of Space: Sacramentalism

• baptism

• confirmation

• reconciliation

• communion

• holy orders

• marriage

• sacrament of the sick

Sacramental Hierarchy

• Popeo spiritual authorityo infallibleo Vatican

• Church as Mystical Body of Christ

• male priests & bishops

Liturgical Cycle

• Advent & Christmas

• Ash Wednesday & Lent

• Holy Week o Palm Sundayo Holy Thursdayo Good Fridayo Easter

• Ascension & Pentecost

Paraliturgical Devotions

• Sacred Heart

• Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament

• Stations of the Cross

• devotions to Maryo rosaryo scapularo local visions

Ethics & Morality

• natural lawo sexuality

• sino original, mortal, or venialo remains of sino purgatory

American Catholicism

• ethnicityo internal conditiono “many in one church”

• pluralismo external conditiono “one church among many”

Catholic Immigration, 1840s-50s

• Irisho potato famine refugeeso dominated Catholic hierarchy

• Germano wanted national churcheso rejected Irish legalism

Catholic Immigration, 1880s-1920s

• Italianso anticlericalo rejected Irish legalism

• Polisho wanted national churcheso Black Madonna of Czestochowa

Catholic Immigration, Late 20th Century

• Latino o Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban

o anticlerical

o curanderismo

o Virgin of Guadalupe

o encuentro movement

Pluralism

• Catholicism = minority religion

• Protestant fearso nativism

• Catholic fearso public schools

19th-Century Adaptations

• trusteeism

• Americanismo modern culture & individualism

o Testem Benevolentiae (1899)

o “phantom heresy”

20th-Century Adaptations

• Catholic missions

• Vatican Council II

• charismatic movement

• Dignity & feminism

• new voluntary style

OVERVIEW

• sacramentalism

• natural law

• ethnicity & pluralism

• Protestant nativism

• adaptations to America