Chapter 29 Section 3Chapter 29 Section 3Study GuideStudy Guide

War Affects the WorldWar Affects the World

Stalemate developsStalemate develops

► 19th century tactics, 19th century tactics, 20th century weapons20th century weapons

►German attack stalls German attack stalls on Sept 3, 1914on Sept 3, 1914 Battle of the MarneBattle of the Marne

► French attack into French attack into Germany also stallsGermany also stalls

► Troops dig inTroops dig in Leaders begin to Leaders begin to

realize: this won’t be a realize: this won’t be a short warshort war

The Allies vs. the Central PowersThe Allies vs. the Central Powers

► The Central PowersThe Central Powers Strengths:Strengths:

►ManpowerManpower► "interior lines""interior lines"

RailroadsRailroads► IndustrializedIndustrialized

WeaknessesWeaknesses►Fighting in two Fighting in two

directionsdirections►BlockadedBlockaded

► The AlliesThe Allies StrengthsStrengths

►SeapowerSeapower To blockade GermanyTo blockade Germany

► Industrial powerIndustrial power►ManpowerManpower

WeaknessesWeaknesses►Russians ill-equippedRussians ill-equipped►Need time to build upNeed time to build up

► RESULT:RESULT: Neither side could Neither side could

achieve a quick victoryachieve a quick victory

A truly global conflictA truly global conflict

►Ottoman Empire & Ottoman Empire & Bulgaria join the Bulgaria join the Central PowersCentral Powers

► Japan joins the AlliesJapan joins the Allies Hoping to get Pacific Hoping to get Pacific

islands from Germanyislands from Germany

► Italy & U.S. neutralItaly & U.S. neutral►Middle Eastern Middle Eastern

theatertheater

►Gallipoli PlanGallipoli Plan Winston Churchill, Winston Churchill,

First Lord of the First Lord of the AdmiraltyAdmiralty►Get supplies to RussiaGet supplies to Russia► Increase pressure on Increase pressure on

Eastern FrontEastern Front►Maybe get decisive Maybe get decisive

breakthrough on breakthrough on Western FrontWestern Front

End the warEnd the war

Costly failureCostly failure

Phases of World War IPhases of World War I

► SlaughterSlaughter major battles lasted major battles lasted

weeks, months longweeks, months long What was the point?What was the point?

►Trying to break Trying to break through the trench through the trench lineslines

Punch a hole Punch a hole Hold it openHold it open Send in the cavalrySend in the cavalry Cut the supply linesCut the supply lines Force surrenderForce surrender

► AssassinationAssassination sparks conflict sparks conflict (NIMA)(NIMA)

► StalemateStalemate in East & in East & WestWest

► ""Total WarTotal War"" Draft, women workersDraft, women workers Battles lasting weeksBattles lasting weeks Mass productionMass production RationingRationing censorshipcensorship

The typical World War I The typical World War I battle on the Western Frontbattle on the Western Front

►Make a planMake a plan Artillery bombardmentArtillery bombardment

►Suppress the defendersSuppress the defenders

Infantry assaultInfantry assault►Going "over the top"Going "over the top"►Punch a hole in the Punch a hole in the

German lines & hold it German lines & hold it open for the horse open for the horse cavalrycavalry

Cavalry assaultCavalry assault►Exploit the breachExploit the breach►Cut enemy supply linesCut enemy supply lines

► Searching for a Searching for a decisive resultdecisive result Make a planMake a plan

►See it failSee it fail

Analyze failureAnalyze failure►Revise & improve planRevise & improve plan

Try againTry again

► BOTTOM LINEBOTTOM LINE::►Huge attacks that would Huge attacks that would

gain little or no ground gain little or no ground and cost thousands of and cost thousands of casualtiescasualties

Meanwhile in the U.S.Meanwhile in the U.S.

► Neutral but Neutral but sympathetic to Alliessympathetic to Allies

► LusitaniaLusitania, 1915, 1915 1,198 dead1,198 dead 128 Americans128 Americans

►Germans suffering Germans suffering from blockadefrom blockade

► Allies getting Allies getting American & American & Canadian suppliesCanadian supplies

►German gamble:German gamble: Unrestricted Unrestricted

submarine warfaresubmarine warfare Strangle Allies Strangle Allies

BEFORE the U.S. BEFORE the U.S. could decisively could decisively enter the warenter the war

Zimmerman Zimmerman TelegramTelegram

Summing UpSumming Up

►Allies & Central Powers exhausting Allies & Central Powers exhausting each other in a war of attritioneach other in a war of attrition

Attrition: grinding each other downAttrition: grinding each other down Instead of a war of maneuverInstead of a war of maneuver

►Russian Imperial Gov't teeteringRussian Imperial Gov't teetering►Mutinies in French ArmyMutinies in French Army