Chapter 6 – World War I

• Section 1 – Neutrality to War• Section 2 – The Home Front• Section 3 – Wilson’s War

Jumpstart AssignmentWhich do you agree with and why?A. War should be avoided at all costs.B. War should be fought only to save the

innocent.C. War is a noble pursuit.D. War should be used to gain territory and

increase power.

What Caused WW1?1) Nationalism – devotion to one’s nation

a) Many believed that a nation should express the nationalism of a single ethnic group.

b) Alsace-Lorrainec) Social Darwinism – “survival of the fittest”d) Leading nations competing for

resources/raw materials

Causes of WWI2) Militarism - glorification of military

a) Countries race to stockpile weapons b) Increase the size of armiesc) Technology advanced the deadlyness of

weapons.

Causes of WWI3) Alliances – made countries reckless

a) Triple Entente – Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

b) Triple Alliance – Great Britain, France, and Russia

Causes of WWI4) Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand -

heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary

Nature of War• Chemical Warfare

–Banned in 1925

Nature of War• Trench Warfare – dug trenches to hold

position and stay out of artillery fire.

• What affect did trench warfare have on WWI?

• How could you advance on a trench?

America Enters the War

• Read Pages 176-178… What causes sent America “over there” to Europe to fight in WWI?

Jumpstart Assignment

• Should the US government be able to restrict your freedom of speech for any reason? Explain your opinion.

American Home Front1) Mobilizing for War

a) Selective Service Act – authorized a draft of young men to help fight the war in Europe.

b) War Industries Board – regulated all industries involved in the war effort.

c) Committee on Public Information – had to convince Americans that the war effort was a just cause. Led by George Creel.

Opposition to War1) Conscientious Objectors – people whose religious

beliefs forbid them to fight in wars.a) Objectors would often get court-martialed and

imprisoned.b) 12% never responded to draft

Consequences of Opposition1) Espionage Act – enacted severe penalties for

anyone engaged in disloyal or treasonable activities.a) Penalties included a $10,000 fine or 20 yearsb) Schneck v. United States – Supreme Court ruled

that 1st Amendment rights can be suspended in times of war.

2) Sedition Act – made it unlawful to say anything against the American form of government.

War Brings About Change1) Women

a) Move into the workforceb) Enlist in the militaryc) Gain the right to vote.

2) Great Migrationa) African Americans migrate to the industrial

north in search of a better life.

Jumpstart Assignment• We will listen to the song “Over There.”

What was the purpose of the song?

Over There

Committee on Public Information

More Propaganda

Timeline: World War I• Read pages 189-192, then create a

timeline of the U.S. entering the war to Armistice (peace). You need to include at least 5 items on your timeline.

America Aides the Allies1) Few believed America would be able to help the

allies (pg. 171).2) German U-Boats made transportation of troops,

food, and guns difficult.3) American’s used convoys – merchant ships

surrounded by warships – to safely transport war materials.

The Allies Struggle• Russian

communist Revolution of 1917 put’s Vladimir Lenin in power.–Russia drops out

of the war in 1918.

The War Ends1) Many Central Power troops begin

deserting.2) November 11, 1918, German and Austro-

Hungarian forces surrender.3) 5 million Allied forces, and 8.5 Central

Power troops had died.

Wilson’s Fourteen Points1) Wilson’s promotes “peace without victory”2) Treaty of Versailles (Paris)

a) Most countries insisted that Germany pay reparations - payment for war damages.

b) League of Nations - allies worked to establish a world organization where countries could peacefully resolve conflicts.• Problems– Ethnic groups divided.– Ethnic groups clustered randomly.

America Rejects the Treaty• German-American’s thought it was too harsh.• Irish-American’s wanted independence for Ireland.• Irreconcilables – Isolationists• Reservationists - supported Treaty with a few

changes.