Chapter 2 Chemistry of Life

Protons Neutrons Electrons

Location (within an

Atom)

Charge (neutral,

positive or negative)

Relative Atomic Size

(largest, smallest…?)

Complete the Table in Your Notes

Unless told otherwise atoms are neutral. What does this tell you about the number of protons,

neutrons and electrons?Protons = electronsNumber of neutrons can vary (they do not contribute to the charge)

“Anatomy of an Atom”

Atoms of same type have same number of protons! (it’s what makes an atom, an atom!)All oxygen atoms have 8 protons

Can have different number of neutrons Isotopes of the same element

Carbon-12 isotope versus Carbon-14 isotope--> Carbon-14 has TWO more neutrons

NucleusConsists of Protons and Neutrons held together

by nuclear force.

Found in energy levels around the nucleus They are about 2,000 times smaller than protons or

neutrons! If an atom loses an electron, it will become

positively charged. If an atom gains an electron, it will become

negatively charged. We call these charged atoms ions.

Electrons

Tells number of protons (and electrons) Use mass number to determine number of

neutrons.

Periodic Table

How many protons, neutrons and electrons?

Why do atoms undergo bonding to form compounds?To be stable and have a complete outer electron shell (energy level)

Ways to bond:Share electronsGive electronsTake electrons

Chemical Bonding

With your partner get: 19 pinto beans 19 popcorn kernels (each) and 24 red beans-DO

NOT EAT THESE!! Red beans = neutrons Pinto Beans = protons Popcorn kernels = electrons Use the Above to represent the nucleus of the following atoms: Carbon-12 Carbon-13 Carbon-14

Arrange in energy levels: 2, 8, 8, 18…

Use paper template…Do not Write on it!

When one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Like with Na and Cl Forms charged atoms or IONS

Ionic Bond

Mg (atomic number = 12) bonds with Cl

Show what would happen when….

Electrons are shared between two atoms.

Ex: Cl2

Covalent Bond

Show covalent bonding in water (H2O)

Inter= between (think interstate) Attraction between molecules Why we have liquid water and it isn’t all gas.

Forces hold neighboring water molecules together

Intermolecular forces