Chapter 1.

ANCHORINGObjectives: After studying the topic in the course book and seminar, the students should be able to: identify and use correctly the words and expressions related to anchoring; create and role-play a situation involving going to/leaving anchorage or riding at anchor; translate a text on anchorahe accurately (e.g. excerpts from the Pilot Book)

1. Ships may anchor either in the open roadstead or in the inner harbour. To bring the ship to anchor, it is necessary to slacken speed and stop the engine at the proper time. Both anchors must be ready to let go. The ship may ride to one or two anchors. If there is a strong wind, it is necessary to bring her head up into the wind. In case there is a strong tidal stream or current the ship should be stem on to the current. When the ship is near her intended place, she is given a little sternway with the engine (if there is no wind or current) and one anchor is dropped, then the anchor chain is paid out, and, if necessary, the other anchor is let go. When the chain is “brought up”, that is when the vessel has come to rest in water, the brake is set as tight as possible.

The scope of chain to be paid out depends on many factors, such as the size of the ship, the weather and tide conditions, the quality of the holding ground. It is the captain or the officer of the watch (OOW) who must determine how much of chain is to be paid out in each case. Usually, a length of chain equal to about five times the depth of water is sufficient.

When the ship has been anchored, the watch officer takes the anchorage bearings. He also sees that the soundings are taken at the anchorage and enters into the log book both the bearings and soundings. Then he marks the ship’s position on the chart.

When the vessel is at anchor at night one or more men are posted on anchor watch. It is their duty under the officer of the watch to see to the security of the ship, to see that there is sufficient room for the vessel to swing, with the tide without striking another vessel.

2. VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT

Dialogue 1.P= Pilot; C= Captain

P: In an hour’s time we will approach the port. As it’s ebb time now we shall have to wait for the tide in the outer roadstead. The depths in the entrance to port are not sufficient for our draft.C: How long shall we wait for the tide?P: We will have to wait until sunset.C: Shall we have to anchor or may we make fast to the mooring buoys there?P: There are no mooring buoys there; we’ll have to anchor half a mile off-shore.C: What landmarks will we have there for the anchorage?P: There is a conspicuous water tower on the coast, which should be kept on bearing 36º and the lighthouse at the port entrance, which should bear 78º.C. What are the depths at the anchorage?

P: The bottom is quite even; there are no rocks or shoals.C: What is the nature of the ground there?P: There is good holding ground; soft mud with few patches of sand.C: Is there enough room at the anchorage for swinging?P: Oh, there is plenty of room for several ships.

Dialogue 2.

P: In half an hour we shall be at the anchorage, It’s time to notify the engine room and to get the anchors ready.C: That’s right. Which anchor are we going to use?P: We’ll use the starboard anchor.C: How much chain shall we need?P: I think four shackles will do.C: All right. I’ve ordered a deck-hand to start taking soundings.P: That’s very good. You see that red tower over there? We must steer for that tower till the port lighthouse opens to southward.C: Well, what then?P: Then we must alter the course 40 to starboard and steer for the lighthouse till we are a mile off-shore. That is our berth.C: Oh. I see. The depths are beginning to decrease.

Dialogue 3

P: Soon we’ll be underway and proceed into port.C: Fine! I have already given orders to stand by to weigh anchor. We have just got a radiogram from our agent. He has arranged to berth the ship at Berth No.7.P: Very good, Sir. This is a very convenient berth.C: How shall we proceed from here?P: We shall steer for the port lighthouse, keeping in the green sector of the light till we come to the entrance. Then we shall keep two red leading lights in line till we pass through the entrance. After that we shall keep the bright light ashore in line with the breakwater head light. This will bring us straight to the wharf.C: All right, that’s clear. Shall we heave the anchor up?

3. VOCABULARY

Words and expressionsRoad/roadstead = radaBerth = danaTo pay out = a fila (parama, lant)Tidal stream = curent de mareeCurrent = curent To let go = a mola, a fundarisiEbb = reflux

To approach = a se apropiaOff-shore = la larg de coastaLandmark = reper costierAnchorage = ancorajBearing = relevmentEntrance = intrareTo shelter = a adapostiHigh land = mal, coasta inaltaBottom = fundGround = fundGood-holding = care tine bineDeck-hand = marinar de punteTo steer for = a guverna peTo heave up = a vira, a recuperaTo bring the ship to anchor = a aduce nava la ancorajTo slacken speed = a reduce vitezaTo ride at anchor = a sta la ancoraThe ship rides to one anchor = nava are o singura ancora fundarisitaTo bring the ship’s head up into the wind = a aduce prova in vintTo bring up = a ancoraTo drop anchor = a fundarisi ancoraTo be stem on to the current = a sta cu prova in vintTo give a ship the sternway with the engine = a deplasa nava inapoi folosind masinaTo swing at anchor = a gira la ancoraTo weigh anchor = a vira, a ridica ancoraTo keep in line = a mentine un aliniamentTo alter the course = a schimba de drumTo take bearings on = a lua relevmente laTo make fast = a volta, a se lega laMooring buoy = baliza de amarareLandmark = reper costierConspicuous – vizibilEven bottom = fund nivelat, fara asperitatiShoals = banc de nisipSoft mud = mil moalePatches of sand = intinsura, portiuni de nisip

4. Standard Marine Communication Phrases4.1. Going to anchor

Is/are the anchor(s) ready for dropping? = este/sunt ancorele gata pentru fundarisire?We are going to an anchorage = ne indreptam spre un loc de ancorajHave (port/starboard/both) anchor(s) ready. = pregatiti ancora/ancorele din babord/tribord/ambele.We will drop ( port/starboard/both) anchor(s) = Vom lasa(fundarisi) ancora/ancorele din babord/tribord/ambele

Put…shackles in the water = lasati ..chei de lant in apaPut …shackles in the pipe. = lasati …chei de lant in naraPut …shackles on deck = lasati…chei de lant pe punte.Walk back (port/starboard/both) anchor(s) one/one and a half shackle(s) = Filati ancora/ancorele din babord/tribord/ambele o cheie/ o cheie de lant si jumatate.We will let go ( port/starboard/both) anchor(s)…shackle(s) and dredge it/them = Vom mola (fundarisi) ancora/ancorele din babord/tribord/ambele/cu..chei(e) de lant si o/le vom grapa.Drop port/starboard/both) anchor(s) = Funda ancora/ancorele/ din babord/tribord ambele.Pay out the cable(s) = Fila lantul/lanturile de ancorCheck the cable (s) = Controleaza lantul/lanturile de ancoraHold on (port/starboard/both cable(s) = Tine lantul/lanturile de ancora/din babord/tribord/ambele.How is the cable leading? = Cum intinde lantul o nava?The cable (s) is/are leading (ahead/astern/to port/to starboard/round the bow up and down) = Lantul/lanturile de ancora intind(e)/inainte/inapoi/spre stinga/dreapta/ dublind prova/ la pic.Is/are the anchor(s) holding? = Tin(e) ancora/ancorele?Are you brought up? = esti ancorat/oprit prin ancorare?Switch on anchor light(s) = Aprindeti lumina/luminile de ancorajSwitch off anchor light(s) = Stingeti lumina/luminile de ancorajHoist anchor ball = Arborati bula neagraLower anchor ball = Coboriti bula neagraCheck the anchor position by bearings = Verificati pozitia de ancoraj cu relevmente

4.2. Leaving the anchorage

How much cable is out? = Cit lant de ancora este deasupra ancorei?Stand by to heave up = Pregatiti-va pentru viratPut the windlass in gear = Cuplati vinciul de ancora.Heave up the ( port/starboard/both) cable(s) = Vitati lantul/lanturile din babord/tribord/ambeleHow much weight is on the cable? = Cit este de solicitat/virat lantul de ancora?Much weight is on the cable= lantul de ancora este solicitat (virat) multToo much weight is on the cable = Lantul de ancora este solicitat (virat0 prea mult.No weight is on the cable = Lantul de ancora nu este solicitat (virat).Stop heaving = opriti virareaHow many shackles are left to come in ? = Cite chei de lant mai sunt de adus la post?There is a turn in the cable(s) = Lantul/lanturile prezinta o rasucireAnchor(s) aweigh/clear of the bottom = Ancora/ancorele s-a/s-au desprins de fundAnchor(s) is/are clear of the water = Ancora/ancorele este/sunt libera/libere/a/au iesit din apaAnchor(s) is/are home = ancora/ancorele este/sunt la postAnchor(s) is/are foul = Ancora/ancorele este/sunt/agatate/prinsa/prinseAnchor(s) secured = S-a/s-au asigurat ancora/ancorele la post

5. Read and study the following excerpts from the Pilot Book related to anchoring. Notice how the vocabulary is used and then discuss the information you can derive from these excerpts. Use a Maritime Dictionary, if necessary.

5.1. There is an anchorage about 2 miles S of the harbour entrance in depths from

5.5m to 7.3m, stiff blue clay. This anchorage is considerably sheltered and the sea is kept down by The Owers (50º40'N, 0º40'W), which acts as a natural breakwater during W and WSW winds.

5.2.There is anchorage off Shoreham harbour in any convenient depth from 4m,

sand over clay and chalk, about 3 cables off the entrance to 9m, sand and shingle with patches of chalk, 2 miles offshore. The pilots consider the best holding ground, sand and gravel over chalk and clay, is 1 ¼ miles off the entrance, in a depth of 7m, with High Lighthouse bearing 000º.

5.3.Anchorage off Folkstone harbour is much exposed and is only used by vessels

waiting for the tide to enter harbour. The best holding ground is in depth from 12m to 18m, clay and sand. A good berth is with Copt Point in line with Folkstone Breakwater Light, bearing 025º, the latter distant 2 cables. Vessels anchored 7 cables S of the breakwater have reported dragging their anchors over apparently rocky bottom.

5.4.Good anchorage, in offshore or # winds, can be found in a depth of 7.5m in

Seaford Road, 1 ¼ miles ESE of the breakwater head, with Beachy Head Old Lighthouse in line with the foot of Seaford Cliff, bearing 109º, and Seaford church, bearing 055º. This anchorage is clear of the track of cross-channel ferries to and from Newhaven, and provides good shelter with winds from E by S, through N, to WNW.

5.5.No vessel shall anchor in the approach to the E or W entrance to the harbour in

such a position as to obstruct the free passage of any other vessel through either of these entrances. No vessels without the permission of the Harbour Master are allowed to anchor in the fairway. Vessels shall moor or anchor in accordance with the direction of the Harbour Master, and when any such vessels have been moored or anchored, they shall not be moved therefrom without the permission of the Harbour Master except in case of emergency.

6. GRAMMAR : FUTURE

6.1. Will6.1.1. Form

will + infinitive without tocontractions : ‘ll= will ; won’t = will notWe use will with all persons. We can also use shall instead of will with I and We eg. I/We shall work ( but in every day speech, we normally use contractions I’ll and We’ll.)

6.1.2. Use6.1.2.1. We can use will to predict the future

e.g.. Tomorrow will be another cold day in all parts of the country. In the future, machines will do many of the jobs that people do today.

Who do you think will win the football match on Sunday?We won’t arrive home before midnight tonight.

When we predict the future, we often use will with the following verbs and expressions:

Think expect believe be sure be afraid hope

e.g. I expect they’ll be here at around 10 o’clock tomorrow morning. I’m sure you’ll enjoy the filmif you go and see it.

We also se will in this way with adverbs of probability, e.g. probably, perhaps, certainly

e.g. Martin will probably phone us this evening.Perhaps I’ll see you tomorrow.

6.1.2.2. We also use will when we decide to do something at the moment of speaking.

e.g. “Would you like something to drink?” “ Oh., thank you. I’ll have some orange juice.”“There’s somone at the door.” “ Is there? Oh, I’ll see who it is.”“I’m going out shopping.” “Oh, are you? I’ll come with you, then. I need to get some things myself.”

6.2. Going to

6.2.1. Form

be+going to+infinitive

e.g. I am going to work Are you going to work?

I am not going to work.

6.2.2. Use

Sentences with going to connect the future and the present

6.2.2.1. We use going to to talk about something in the future which we can see as a result of something in the present

e.g. Look at those black clouds in the sky. It’s going to rain. Those people are going to get wet.Hurry up! It’s getting late. You’re going to miss your train.Look out! That ladder is going to fall!

For this reason, sentences with going to are often about the near future.

6.2.2.2. We also use going to to talk about what we intend to do in the future. We use going to when we have already decided to do something.

e.g. “Why have you moved all the furniture out of this room?” “I’m going to clean the carpet”“Lynne has just sold her car.” “ Is she going to buy a new one?

6..3. Will and Going to6.3.1.We use both will and going to in predictions about the future, but there is a difference: We use will to talk about what we think or believe will happen in the future.

e.g. That boat doesn’t look very safe. It’ll sink in that heavy sea. Don’t climb that tree. You’ll fall and hurt yourself.

We use going to to talk about something in the future which we can see as a result of something in the present.

e.g. Look at that boat! It’s going to sink. Look out! You’re going to fall!

6.3.2. We use both will and going to to talk about what we intend to do, but there is a difference here:We use will when we decide to do something at the moment of speaking.

e.g. ‘Oh dear! I’ve spilt some wine on my jacket”. “Don’t worry. I’ll clean it for you.’ What shall I do tomorrow? I know! I’ll paint the kitchen.

We use going to when we have already decided to do something.

e.g. ‘Why have you moved all the furniture out of this room?’ I’m going to clean the carpet.’

‘Why are you putting on those old clothes?’ ‘I’m going to paint the kitchen.’

6.4. Present continuous for the future

We use the present continuous to talk about something that we have already arranged or planned to do in the future.

e.g. ‘What are you doing on Saturday evening?’ ‘I’m meeting Sarah’ ‘Sarah is taking an exam on Monday.’ ‘We’re visiting some friends in Scotland next weekend.’

When we use the present continuous in this way, we often give the future time (e.g. on Saturday evening, on Monday, this afternoon, next weekend)

6.4.1. Present continuous and going to

6.4.1.1. When we talk about things we have already arranged to do or planned to do in the future, we can use the present continuous or going to.

e.g. I’m having lunch with Lynne tomorrow. I’m going to have lunch with Lynne tomorrow.

6.4.1.2. When we make predictions about the future, we can use going to (or will), but not the present continuous.

e.g. It’s going to rain tomorrow. (It’s raining tomorrow is not possible)

6.5. Present simple for the future

We use the present simple to talk about future events which are part of a fixed timetable or fixed programme.

e.g. ‘What time does the tennis start tomorrow? ‘At 6.15’. Next summer the school holidays begin on July 25th and end on September 10th. The film starts at 7.10 and finishes at 9.00. What time does your plane leave tomorrow?

We use the present simple in this way when we think of something in the future as a fact, or as an arrangement or plan which cannot change.

6.5.1. Present simple for the future after when, if, etc.

We use the present simple to refer to the future in clauses of time and condition after when while, as soon as, after, before, until, if, unless, as/so long as and provided/providing (that).

Will/won’t present simple

I’ll buy a newspaper when I go out.We won’t go out until it stops raining.We’ll go to the beach if the weather is nice.I’ll go to the party provided you go too.

6.6. Future continuous: will be+…-ing6.6.1. Formwill be+…ing

I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they will be working (affirmative)I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they will not be working(negative)Will I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they be working ?(interrogative)

This form is sometimes called the ‘future progressive’CONTRACTIONS: ‘ll =will ; won’t = will not

We can use shall instead of will with I and We e.g. I/We shall be working(but , in every day speech , we normally use the contractions I’ll and We’ll). The negative of shall is shall not (contraction: shan’t).

6.6.2. Use6.6.2.1. We use will be+…-ing to talk about something which will be in progress at a time in the future.

e.g. I’ll be having dinner at 7.00. Don’t phone me at 8.00. I’ll be doing my homework then. What will you be doing this time next week?

6.6.2.2. We also use will be+…-ing to talk about things in the future which are already planned, or which are part of a regular routine.

e.g. I’ll be driving into town later on. Do you want a lift? ‘Would you like me to give peter a message for you?’ ‘Oh, I don’t want to trouble you.’ ‘it’s no trouble, really. I’ll be seeing Peter tomorrow anyway.’

We often use will be+…-ing as a polite way of asking about someone’s plans, especially when we want someone to do something for us.

e.g. ‘Will you be going out this morning?’ ‘Yes, why?’ ‘Oh, could you get me a newspaper?’Will you be using your camera at the weekend? I wondered if I could borrow it.

When we use will be+…-ing form in this way, it often suggests that we do not want to change the other person’s plans.

6.7. Future perfect: will have+past participle6.7.1. Formwill have + past participleI/you/he/she/it/we/you/they will have finished/gone (affirmative)I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they will not have finished/gone (negative)Will I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they have finished/gone? (interrogative)CONTRACTIONS: ‘ll = will ; won’t = will not

We can use shall instead of will with I and We e.g. I/we shall have finished ( but, in everyday speech, we normally use the contractions I’ll and we’ll). The negative of shall is shall not ( contraction: shan’t),6.7.2. UseWe can use will have + past participle to talk about something that will be completed by (not later than) a certain time in the future. When we use this structure, we think of a future time and look back from that future time to say that something will be completed.

e.g. I’ll have finished dinner by 8.00. I’ll have worked here for a year next September.

6.8. Future in the past: was/were going toWe can use was/were going to + infinitive to say that something was planned for the future at a past time.

e.g. They were going to get married, but in the end they changed their mind

Note that when we use this structure, it often means that the planned future action did not happen.

e.g. I was going to stay at home last night, but I decided to go out instead.We were going to eat at the Italian restaurant, but it was full, so we ate somewhere else.

7.Grammar Practice

1. Derek is 18 years old now. What will he be like in 10 years from now? How will his life be different then? Complete what Derek says using will/won’t.Example: I hope I’ll have a job in 10 years’ time.

1. I hope I/have a job in 10 years time.2. Perhaps I/have a good job.3. I probably/not/be very rich.4. I/not/look the same as I do now.5. I think i/be married.6. I/probably/have children.

2.Complete the sentences using I’ll or I won’t and the verbs in the box.

Go answer not go put on not have lend wait

Example:I am tired. I think I’ll go to bed early tonight.

1. ‘I haven’t got any money.’ ‘Haven’t you? Oh,---you some if you like.’2. The telephone is ringing.’ ‘Oh,---it.’3. I’m a bit cold. I think---a sweater.4. ‘Would you like something to eat?’ ‘---anything at the moment, thank you. I’m not very

hungry.’5. ‘I’m going out for a walk.’ ‘It’s raining.’ ‘Oh, is it? Well, ---out now, then,---until it’s

stopped.’

3. Peter wants to see sally. He is talking to her on the telephone. Complete the conversation using will/won’tPETER: Will you be at home this evening, Sally? beSALLY: Well, I’m working late. I don’t expect I----after 9.00., finish

so I ---home until quite late. not/bePETER: Oh, I see. What about tomorrow?-----(you) free for lunch? beSALLY: No, I’m afraid I----in a meeting at lunchtime. bePETER: What time do you think ---(the meeting)? endSALLY: I’m not sure, but it probably---before 2.00. Listen, Peter not/finish.

Why don’t we meet for a coffee after work tomorrow evening?

PETER: What time---(you) finished tomorrow? beSALLY: I---free by 6.00. bePETER: All right. I---you at your office at 6.00, then. meetSALLY: Right. I---you then. see

4. Complete the sentences using going to and the verbs in brackets.Example: ‘I’ve made up my mind I’m going to change (change) my job.’

‘What are you going to do ( you/do)?’ ‘I’m not sure yet.’

1. ‘What---(you/wear) at the party on Saturday?’ ‘I haven’t decided yet. What about you?---(you/wear) your new black dress?’

2. ‘Why have you bought all that wallpaper? What---(you/do)?’ ‘I---(decorate) the living room.’

3. He’s decided that he---(not/leave) school this summer. He---(stay) on for another year.4. ‘I---(buy) a new motorbike.’ ‘How---(you/pay ) for it? You haven’t got enough money.’

‘I---(ask) my bank to lend me the money.’

5. Complete the sentences using will or going to and the verbs in brackets.Example: ‘What can I do this evening? I know! I’ll go (go) and see Sue.’

1. ‘Someone told me that you are moving from London.’ ‘That’s right. I---(live) in Manchester.

2. ‘Would you like to come to my house this evening?’ ‘Yes, all right. I---(come) at 9 o’clock.’

3. I don’t feel very well. I think---(faint).4. ‘It’s Simon’s birthday soon. I’ve decided to buy him the new Blues Brothers record.’ ‘Oh,

he doesn’t like the Blues brothers any more.’ ‘Oh, really? Well, I…(get) him something to wear.’

5. Oh, no! Look at those cars! They---(crash)!6. ‘I could lend you some money if you like.’ ‘Could you? I---) pay) you back on Friday.’

6. Complete the sentences using the present continuous or going to. Sometimes either structure is possible.

Example: I (see) Sarah this afternoon. I’m seeing Sarah this afternoon/I’m goingto see Sarah this afternoon.

Hurry up! We (miss) our bus. Hurry up! We’re going to miss our bus.

1. It (snow) later tonight.2. She (meet) them tomorrow morning.3. What (you/do) this afternoon?4. Be careful! You (break0 that glass.5. He (not/come) next Saturday.6. Look out! You (hurt) yourself with that knife.

7.Complete the sentences using the present simple of the verbs in brackets.Example:Our boat leaves (leave) Dover at 2.00 on Friday and arrives (arrive) in Calais at 6.00.

1. The conference---(start) on June 3rd , and ---(finish) on June 10th .2. We’ve got plenty of time. Our plane---(not/take off) until 9 o’clock.3. Tonight’s concert---(begin) at 8.00 and it---(not/end) until 11.00.4. When---(the next train/leave) for Bristol?

8. Put one verb in each sentence into the present simple and the other verb into the will/won/t formExample: If I fail (fail) the exam, I’ll take it again.

1. When I---(see) him I---(give) him your message.2. I---(buy) a new car as soon as I---(have) enough money.3. If the weather---(be) nice tomorrow, we---(go) sailing.4. I---(look after) your cat while you---(be) on holiday.5. He---(not/do) anything until he---(hear) from us.6. The door (not/open) unless you---(push) it hard.7. We---(play) tennis this evening as long as it---(not rain).8. I---(lend) you the money provided you---(pay) me back tomorrow.

9.Complete the sentences in A using the will be + ing form. Find a question in B to go with each sentence.Example: 1. I’ll be going past the post office. Shall I post your letter?

A. B.1. I---(go) past the post office. Would you like to borrow it?2. ---(you/speak) to Robert? Shall we get one for you?3. I ---(not/use) my car tonight. Can you give her something?4. We--- (get) some concert tickets. Could I have a lift?5. When--- (you/visit) Sue again? Shall I post your letter?6. ---(you/drive) into town today? Can you give him a message?

10. What will life be like in the year 2100? Complete the sentences using the will have + past participle form.Example: By 2100, the world’s population will have increased (increase) to around 30,000 million.

1. Life---(become) more automated by then.2. Computers---(take over) many of the jobs that people do today,3. The earth’s supplies of oil, coal and gas---(run out).4. ---(scientists/find) other sources of energy?5. How---education---(change)?6. ---(we/find) a way to feed all the people in the world?

11. Join each idea in A with an idea from B. Make sentences using was/were going to and the verbs in brackets.Example: 1. I was going to take a taxi home last night, but I didn’t have enough money, so I had to walk.A. B.

1. I (take) a taxi home last night but it rained all afternoon, so we stayed at home2. We (write ) to them when we were on holiday. But my boss offered me more money, so I decided

to stay.3. She (drive) to Scotland last weekend. but I didn’t have enough money, so I had to walk.4.We (play) tennis yesterday afternoon, but she had seen it before, so she went to bed early.5.She (watch) the film on TV last night, but her car broke down, so she went by train.6. I (change) my job last year but we changed our minds and phoned them instead.

8.Grammar Practice-answer key1.1. I hope I’ll have a job in 10 years’ time,2. Perhaps I’ll have a good job.3. I probably won’t be very rich.4. I won’t look the same as I do now.5. I think I’ll be married.6. I’ll probably have children.2.1. I’ll lend2. I’ll answer3. I’ll put on4. I won’t have5. I won’t go. I’ll wait.3.1. I’ll finish2. won’t be3. Will you be4. I’ll be5. The meeting will end6. Won’t finish7. Will you be8. ‘ll be9. ‘ll meet10. ‘ll see

4.1. are you going to wear. Are you going to wear?2. Are you going to do, ‘m going to decorate3. Isn’t going to leave, ‘s going to stay4. ‘m going to buy, are you going to pay,’m going to ask

5.1. ‘m going to live2. ‘ll come3. ‘m going to faint4. ‘ll get5. ‘re going to crash6. I’ll pay

6.1. It’s going to snow later tonight.2. She’s going to meet them tomorrow morning./She’s meeting them tomorrow

morning.3. What are you goin to do this afternoon/What are you doing this afternoon?4. Be carefu;! Your’re going to break the glass.5. He isn’t going to come next Saturday/He isn’t coming on Saturday.6. Look out! You’re going to hurt yourself with that knife.7. Are they going to drive to Scotland next weekend?/Are they driving to Scotland next

weekend?

7.1. starts, finishes2. doesn’t take off3. begins, doesn’t end4. does the next train leave

8.1. see, will give2. will buy, have3. is, will go4. will look after, are5. won’t do, hears6. won’t open, push7. will play, doesn’t rain8. will lend, pay

9.1. I’ll be going past the post office. Shall I post your letter?2. Will you be speaking with Robert? Can you give him a message?3. I won’t be using my car tonight. Would you like to borrow it?4. We’ll be getting some concert tickets. Shall we get one for you?5. When will you be visiting Sue again?Can you give her something?6. Will you be driving into town today? Could I have a lift?

10.1. will have become2. will have taken over3. will have run out4. Will scientists have found out5. Will, have changed6. Will we have found

11.

1. I was going to take a taxi home last night, but I didn’t have enough money, so I had to walk.

2. We were going to write to them when we were on holiday. but we changed our minds and phoned them instead.

3. She was going to drive to Scotland last weekend, but her car broke down, so she went by train.

4. We were going to play tennis yesterday afternoon, but it rained all afternoon, so we stayed at home.

5. She was going to watch the film on TV last night, but she had seen it before, so she went to bed early.

6. I was going to change my job last year, but my boss offered me more money, so I decided to stay.

9.Grammar Progress Test-Future

1. Will and going toComplete the sentences. Use will or going to and the verbs in the box.

Teach lend live bite take look have buy meet rain

1. ‘Would you like to come to the cinema with us?’ ‘All right. I---you at 7.00.’2 Look at those black clouds. It---.3 ‘I can’t find my umbrella.’ ‘Don’t worry. I---you mine.’4. Have you ever seen my tennis racket?’ ‘No. I haven’t. Just a minute. I---in the cupboard.’5. ‘I can’t play chess.’ ‘I---you if you like.’6. ‘Why are you putting on your coat?’ “I---the dog for a walk.’7. ‘Why are you selling your house?’ ‘We---in the country.’8. ‘Don’t go near that dog! It---you!9. ‘I’m going to buy Sally a Walkman for her birthday.’ ‘She’s already got one.’ ‘Has she?

Well, I---her a new sweater.’10. Have you heard the news? Mrs Green’s pregnant again. She---another baby.

2. Present continuous and going to.There are mistakes in some of these sentences. Which sentences have mistakes in them?

1. We’re going to see a film this evening.2. The weather forecast says it’s snowing tomorrow.3. What are you doing next weekend?4. I thing England are winning the soccer match tonight.5. I’m staying at home this evening.6. Do you think Sarah is passing her exams this summer?

3. Present simple and willChoose the correct answer-A or B.

1. We’ll go for a picnic tomorrow if the weather---nice.A will be B is

2. Simon will get a ticket for the U2 concert, providing he---all night.A will queue B queues

3. If you go to Moscow, you---Red Square.A will see B see

4. Sue will give me some money when she ---paid.A will get B gets

5. I’ll phone Mike as soon as I---any news.A will hear B hear

6. Unless you work hard, you---your exams.A will fail B fail

4. Future continuous and future perfectKen and Kate are going to Paris tomorrow. Here is their timetable for tomorrow morning.7.30-8.30 Drive to the airport 8.30 Check in at the airport10.00-11.00 Flight to Paris11.15-11-45 Taxi to the hotel 1.00. Lunch at the hotel

Complete the sentences about Ken and Kate. Put the verbs into the future continuous or future perfect.

1. At 8.00 they---(leave) home and they ---(drive) to the airport.2. At 8.30 they---(arrive) at the airport and they ---(check-in).3. At 10.15 they…(fly) to Paris.4. At 11.30 they…(arrive) in Paris and they…(drive) to their hotel.5. At 1.00 they---(have) lunch at the hotel.

5. Future in the past: was/were going toMake sentences with was/were going to….but…Example:I/take/the dog for a walk/it/start/to rainI was going to take the dog for a walk, but it started to rain.

1. Robert/watch/the film on TV/he/fall asleep2. I/visit/you/I/not have /enough time.3. Sarah/change/some traveller’s cheques/the bank /be/closed4. We/go/to the concert/it/be/cancelled5. I/finish/work early/my boss/ask/me to work late.6. My parents/fly to Scotland/they/decide/to go by train.

10. Progress Test-answer key

1.1.I’ll meet; 2. Is going to rain; 3.will lend; 4.will look; 5.will teach; am going to take; 7. Are going to live; 8. Will bite; 9. Will buy; 10. Is going to have.

2.1. correct; 2.wrong; 3.correct; 4. wrong; 5. correct; 6. Wrong

3.1. B; 2.B; 3.A; 4.B; 5.B; 6.A.

4.1. will have left, will be driving; 2. Will have arrived, will be checking-in; 3. Will be

flying; 4. Will have arrived, will be driving; 5. Will be having

5.1. Robert was going to watch the film on TV, but he fell asleep.2. I was going to visit you but I did not have enough time.3. Sarah was going to change some traveller’s cheques but the bank was closed.4. We were going to go to the concert but it was cancelled.5. I was going to finish work early but my boss asked me to work late.6. My parents were going to fly to Scotland but they decided to go by train.