IFR Decision Making

Go/no-go Decision

• Pilot

• Aircraft

• Environment

• Operation

• Situation

Decision Making Process

• Reactive– Dealing with events as they come up

• Proactive– Planning for and rehearsing problems

before they arise

Fatal Weather Accident Types

• Attempting VFR flight into IFR Conditions– Spatial Disorientation

• Instrument Approaches– CFIT

• Loss of Control in IFR Conditions– Convective activity

– Spatial Disorientation

Poor Judgement Chain

• Accidents are not usually caused by a single event

• Usually there are a string of poor decisions, which continue to narrow the number of options available to the pilot until he is faced with a decision with no good outcome

DECIDE MODEL

• Recognize a change

• Define the problem

• Choose a course of action

• Implement your decision

• Ensure your decision is producing the desire result

Self Assessment

• I - Illness

• M - Medication

• S - Stress

• A - Alcohol

• F - Fatigue

• E - Emotion or Eat

Self Assessment

• Personal Minimums– Ceiling/Visibility

– Wind

– Approach

– Currency

– Aircraft

– Enroute

Hazardous Attitudes

• Anti Authority

• Invulnerability

• Macho

• Impulsive

• Resignation

Communication

• Effective Listening

• Barriers to communications– Transmitter

– Medium

– Receiver

Resource Use

• Internal– Flight Log

– GPS

– Weather Radar

• External– ATC

– Flight Watch

Workload Management

• Planning and Preparation

• Prioritizing

• Work Overload

Situational Awareness

• Visualization

• CFIT - Controlled Flight into Terrain– Positional awareness

• Obstacles to Situational awareness– Systems with complicated data entry

– Radar Vectors

– Malfunctioning equipment

6.4.8.1.4.A.1 J31A pilot is more subject to spatial disorientation ifA. body signals are used to interpret flight attitude.B. kinesthetic senses are ignored.C. eyes are moved often in the process of cross checking the flight instruments.

6.4.8.1.4.A.1 J31A pilot is more subject to spatial disorientation ifA. body signals are used to interpret flight attitude.

6.4.8.1.5.A.1 J31Which procedure is recommended to prevent or overcome spatial disorientation?A. Reduce head and eye movements to the extent possible.B. Rely on the kinesthetic sense.C. Rely on the indications of the flight instruments.

6.4.8.1.5.A.1 J31Which procedure is recommended to prevent or overcome spatial disorientation?C. Rely on the indications of the flight instruments.

6.4.8.1.0.A.1 J31The sensations which lead to spatial disorientation during instrument flight conditionsA. occur, in most instances, during the initial period of transition from visual to instrument flight.B. are frequently encountered by beginning instrument pilots, but never by pilots with moderate instrument experience.C. must be suppressed and complete reliance placed on the indications of the flight instruments.

6.4.8.1.0.A.1 J31The sensations which lead to spatial disorientation during instrument flight conditionsC. must be suppressed and complete reliance placed on the indications of the flight instruments.

6.4.8.1.1.A.1 J31How can an instrument pilot best overcome spatial disorientation?A. Rely on kinesthetic sense.B. Use a very rapid cross check.C. Read and interpret the flight instruments, and act accordingly.

6.4.8.1.1.A.1 J31How can an instrument pilot best overcome spatial disorientation?

C. Read and interpret the flight instruments, and act accordingly.

6.4.8.0.2.A.1 I02Without visual aid, a pilot often interprets centrifugal force as a sensation ofA. rising or falling.B. motion reversal.C. turning.

6.4.8.0.2.A.1 I02Without visual aid, a pilot often interprets centrifugal force as a sensation ofA. rising or falling.

6.4.8.0.5.A.1 J31Abrupt head movement during a prolonged constant rate turn in IMC or simulated instrument conditions can causeA. elevator illusion.B. pilot disorientation.C. false horizon.

6.4.8.0.5.A.1 J31Abrupt head movement during a prolonged constant rate turn in IMC or simulated instrument conditions can causeB. pilot disorientation.

6.4.8.0.7.A.1 J31An abrupt change from climb to straight-and-level flight can create the illusion ofA. tumbling backwards.B. a descent with the wings level.C. a noseup attitude.

6.4.8.0.7.A.1 J31An abrupt change from climb to straight-and-level flight can create the illusion ofA. tumbling backwards.

6.4.8.0.8.A.1 J31A rapid acceleration during takeoff can create the illusion ofA. diving into the ground.B. spinning in the opposite direction.C. being in a noseup attitude.

6.4.8.0.8.A.1 J31A rapid acceleration during takeoff can create the illusion ofC. being in a noseup attitude.

6.4.8.0.6.A.1 J31A sloping cloud formation, an obscured horizon, and a dark scene spread with ground lights and stars can create an illusion known as A. elevator illusions.B. autokinesis.C. false horizons

6.4.8.0.6.A.1 J31A sloping cloud formation, an obscured horizon, and a dark scene spread with ground lights and stars can create an illusion known as C. false horizons

7.4.8.6.7.A.1 I05While recovering from an unusual flight attitude without the aid of the attitude indicator, approximate level pitch attitude is reached when theA. altimeter and vertical speed reverse their trend and the airspeed stops its movement.B. airspeed arrives at cruising speed, the altimeter reverses its trend, and the vertical speed stops its movement.C. airspeed and altimeter stop their movement and the VSI reverses its trend.

7.4.8.6.7.A.1 I05While recovering from an unusual flight attitude without the aid of the attitude indicator, approximate level pitch attitude is reached when theC. airspeed and altimeter stop their movement and the VSI reverses its trend.

7.4.8.7.3.A.1 I05If an airplane is in an unusual flight attitude and the attitude indicator has exceeded its limits, which instruments should be relied on to determine pitch attitude before starting recovery?A. Airspeed and altimeter.B. Turn indicator and VSI.C. VSI and airspeed to detect approaching VSI or VMO.

7.4.8.7.3.A.1 I05If an airplane is in an unusual flight attitude and the attitude indicator has exceeded its limits, which instruments should be relied on to determine pitch attitude before starting recovery?A. Airspeed and altimeter.

7.4.8.7.5.A.1 I05Which is the correct sequence for recovery from a spiraling, nose low, increasing airspeed, unusual flight attitude?A. Reduce power, raise the nose to level attitude, and correct the bank attitude.B. Reduce power, correct the bank attitude, and raise the nose to a level attitude.C. Increase pitch attitude, reduce power, and level wings.

7.4.8.7.5.A.1 I05Which is the correct sequence for recovery from a spiraling, nose low, increasing airspeed, unusual flight attitude?B. Reduce power, correct the bank attitude, and raise the nose to a level attitude.

7.4.9.2.7.A.1 I05During recoveries from unusual attitudes, level flight is attained the instantA. the altimeter and airspeed needles stop prior to reversing their direction of movement.B. the horizon bar on the attitude indicator is exactly overlapped with the miniature airplane.C. a zero rate of climb is indicated on the VSI.

7.4.9.2.7.A.1 I05During recoveries from unusual attitudes, level flight is attained the instantA. the altimeter and airspeed needles stop prior to reversing their direction of movement.