Chapter 15 Toward the Civil War (1840-1861)

Section 1 Slavery and the West

Chapter Time Line

Chapter Time Line

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Rate your agreement with the following statement: It is better to compromise to get something accomplished than to stand 100% firm on what you believe.

A. Strongly agree

B. Somewhat agree

C. Somewhat disagree

D. Strongly disagree A B C D

0% 0%0%0%

Did the compromises that Congress made effectively address slavery and sectionalism?

Missouri• 1819- Missouri applied

for statehood• Slavery was legal in

Missouri• This sparked an angry

debate in Congress• There were 22 states in

the Union• 11 slave states/ 11 free

states• Each state got two votes

(Senate)• Adding another state

would tip the balance between slave states and free states

North and South• The North and South

had different economies and were competing for new land in the West

• At the same time, many Northerners wanted to restrict or ban slavery

• Southerners opposed these antislavery efforts (even those that disliked slavery)

• Southerners resented the interference by outsiders in Southerners’ affairs

• This grew into sectionalismsectionalism between the North and South

What to do with Missouri• Senate suggested allowing

Missouri join as a slave state and Maine join as a free state

• The Senate wanted to settle the issue of slavery in the territories for good

• Senate proposed banning slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase north of 36°30' N latitude

• Speaker of the House Henry Clay guided the bill through the House of Representatives (passed by a close vote)

• Maine was the 23rd state and Missouri was 24th

• The Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise preserved the balance between slave and free states

• This was a temporarytemporary solution in the debate over slavery

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

Who drafted the Missouri Compromise?

A. Henry Clay

B. James Monroe

C. James Polk

D. Thomas Jefferson

Slavery• The debate over slavery

erupted again in the 1840s• Texas was added and

slavery was already legal there

• Texas Annexation was the main issue in the presidential election of 1844

• Texas became a state in 1845

• Shortly after the Mexican War began, Representative David Wilmost from Pennsylvania introduced a proposal

• The Wilmot Proviso would ban slavery in any lands the US would get from Mexico

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

Which of the following was a proposal to ban slavery in any lands acquired from Mexico?

A. The Compromise of 1850

B. The Wilmot Proviso

C. The Missouri Compromise

D. The Freeport Doctrine

Southerners’ Response• Southerners’ protested the

Wilmot Proviso• Southerners’ felt this

endangered slavery everywhere

• They wanted New Mexico and California open to slavery

• John C. Calhoun (SC) countered with another proposal

• It said that neither Congress nor any territory had the authority to ban slavery from a territory or regulateregulate it

• Neither proposal passed, but caused bitter debate

• By the next election, the US gained New Mexico and California, but took no action on slavery

Election of 1848• 1848- The Whigs

selected Zachary Taylor as their candidate

• Taylor was a Southerner and a hero of the Mexican War

• The Democrats chose Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan

• Both candidates ignored the issue of slavery

• The failure to take a stand angered voters

Election of 1848 Continued• Many opponents of

slavery left their parties and formed the Free-Soil Party

• “Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men”

• The Free-Soil Party chose former president Van Buren as their candidate

• Taylor won, but the Free-Soil Party gained several seats in Congress

Issues in the US• California applied for

statehood in 1849 (After the Gold Rush)

• Meanwhile, antislavery forces wanted to ban slavery in Washington, D.C.

• Southerners also wanted a national law that required states to return fugitivefugitive enslaved people

• The key issue was the balance of power in the Senate (30 states 15/15)

• Southerners talked about secedingseceding from the Union

Compromising• 1850- Senator Henry Clay

proposed that California enter as a free state

• The rest of the new territories would have no limits on slavery

• The slave trade (Not slavery itself) would be banned in Washington D.C.

• Clay also pushed for a stronger fugitive slave law

• Senator John C. Calhoun opposed the plan

• Calhoun felt that the Union could be saved only by protecting slavery

• Senator Webster supported the plan

• Webster said that slavery had little chance in the new territories because the land was not suited for plantations

The Compromise of 1850• President Taylor was an

opponent of Clay’s plan• But Taylor died

unexpectedly and Millard Fillmore took over as president

• Fillmore favored the compromise

• To end the crisis, Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas divided Clay’s plan into 4 parts Each part would be voted on separately

• Fillmore had several Whigs abstain on parts they opposed

• The 5 parts passed and became known as the Compromise of 1850

The Parts of the Compromise of 18501. California would be

admitted as a free state.

2. The new Mexico territory would have no restrictions on slavery.

3. The new Mexico-Texas border dispute would be settled in favor of new Mexico.

4. The slave trade but not slavery it self would be abolished in the district of Colombia.

5. Stronger fugitive state law.

Did the compromises that Congress made effectively address slavery and sectionalism?

-Compromises dealt primarily with immediate issues

-Admittance of new states

-Maintaining balance in Congress

-The compromises did not address slavery at the national level

Chapter 15 Section 1 Quiz

By admitting a free state and Missouri, a slaveholding state, to the Union at the same

time, the Senate could remain balanced.

Tru

e

Fal

se

50%50%A. True

B. False

The Wilmot Proviso allowed California to enter the Union as a free state.

Tru

e

Fal

se

50%50%A. True

B. False

John C. Calhoun countered David Wilmot's proposal.

Tru

e

Fal

se

50%50%A. True

B. False

Zachary Taylor adopted a proslavery platform for the 1848 presidential election.

Tru

e

Fal

se

50%50%A. True

B. False

President Fillmore was in favor of the Compromise of 1850.

Tru

e

Fal

se

50%50%A. True

B. False

An exaggerated loyalty to a particular region of the country is called

abolit

ionis

m.

fugi

tive

slav

e la

w.

Fre

e-Soil

Party

.

sec

tiona

lism

.

25% 25%25%25%A. abolitionism.

B. fugitive slave law.

C. Free-Soil Party.

D. sectionalism.

The plan that preserved the balance between slave and free states in the Senate

was the

North

-South

Com

pro.

..

Mis

sour

i Com

prom

ise.

Mai

ne Com

prom

ise.

Sla

very

Com

prom

ise.

25% 25%25%25%A. North-South Compromise.

B. Missouri Compromise.

C. Maine Compromise.

D. Slavery Compromise.

The main issue in the presidential election of 1844 was the

annex

atio

n of T

exas

.

annex

atio

n of M

aine.

annex

atio

n of N

ew M

...

annex

atio

n of M

isso

uri.

25% 25%25%25%A. annexation of Texas.

B. annexation of Maine.

C. annexation of New Mexico.

D. annexation of Missouri.

Who proposed that neither Congress nor local governments had the authority to ban

slavery from a territory?

Dan

iel W

ebst

er

John C

. Cal

houn

Hen

ry C

lay

Zac

hary

Taylo

r

25% 25%25%25%A. Daniel Webster

B. John C. Calhoun

C. Henry Clay

D. Zachary Taylor

President Millard Fillmore persuaded several Whig representatives to not cast votes, or to

sec

ede.

bec

ome

a fu

gitiv

e.

abst

ain.

incr

ease

sec

tional

ism

.

25% 25%25%25%A. secede.

B. become a fugitive.

C. abstain.

D. increase sectionalism.

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