Chapter 13 A House Divided, 1840–1861. Fruits of Manifest Destiny Continental Expansion Caused...

Chapter 13A House Divided, 1840–1861

Fruits of Manifest Destiny Continental Expansion

Caused slavery moved to center of national politics by 1840s:

Nearly all land east of Mississippi was in white hands Economic crisis pushed settlers west

Manifest Destiny increased in these years

The Mexican Frontier: New Mexico and California Mexico achieves independence from Spain in 1821 Opens up a new frontier for American settlers

Fruits of Manifest Destiny The Texas Revolt

Mexico allowed Americans to settle in hopes of developing area

By 1830, Americans outnumbered Tejanos Slavery exacerbated tensions

Mexico had abolished slavery, but Texas local authorities allowed American settlers to bring slave with them

Texas revolted from Mexico in 1835, won independence in 1837.

Fruits of Manifest Destiny The Election of 1844

Henry Clay – Whigs James K. Polk – Democrats

Polk “first dark horse candidate in American history!”

Days before Polk’s inauguration, Texas was annexed by Congress

A Dose of Arsenic Victory over Mexico raised the fatal political

issue that plunged the nation into civil war Expansion of slavery into the West

The Wilmot Proviso: 1846 Proposed the prohibiting of slavery from all

territory acquired from Mexico Passed the House Failed the Senate

A Dose of Arsenic The Free Soil Appeal

Popular in North Western Territories = economic advancement Slavery prevents economic growth for the

laborers

Southern rebuttal Violation of equal rights Fed gov’t had no right to keep them from

brining property into territories

A Dose of ArsenicCrisis and Compromise

California asked to be admitted in 1850 Compromise of 1850

CA = Free Stronger Fugitive Slave Law Status of slavery in territories acquired from

Mexico would be left to a vote by inhabitants U.S. would pay off Texas debt accumulated

while “independent”

A Dose of Arsenic The Fugitive Slave Issue

Allowed federal commissioners to determine alleged fugitives w/o a jury or testimony

Local authorities could not interfere Required individual citizens to help Contradiction of southern states’ rights

argument!

A Dose of Arsenic Douglas and Popular Sovereignty

Strong believer in western development Needed formal governments to be

instituted for this to happen South opposed this! Pop Sovereignty

Status of slavery would be dicided by the local settlers, not Congress

A Dose of Arsenic The Kansas-Nebraska Act

Allowed fo popular sovereignty in the two territories

Shattered the Democratic Party Led to the emergence of a new party

dedicated to ending the expansion of slavery – THE REPUBLICAN PARTY

The Rise of the Republican Party

The Rise and Fall of the Know-Nothings “I know nothing” Nativist sentiment

The Free Labor Ideology Primary goal to open the west to the free market See Seward in Voices of Freedom*

The Rise of the Republican Party Bleeding Kansas and the Election of 1856

Fueled Republican Party’s growth Two rival governments emerge

Pro- Slavery (Illegal) Free- Soilers

Fighting breaks out 200 people die Seemed to discredit Stephen Douglas’s popular sovereignty policy

1856 Election James Buchanan and John C. Freemont Showed the parties had reorganized

The Emergence of LincolnLincoln’s rise to power & the impending sectional crisis

Abraham Lincoln’s nick name, “The Railsplitter,”

Abraham Lincoln’s nick name, “The Railsplitter,”

The Emergence of Lincoln The Dred Scott Decision

Traveled to Missouri w/ owner Sued upon return Court sided w/ owner

See Excerpt*

The Decision’s Aftermath Mo. Compromise unconstitutional? Slavery = legal & constitutional in ALL western

territories! Buchannan attempts to admit Kansas as a slave

state, but Douglass, with the republicans, blocks him!

The Emergence of Lincoln Lincoln and Slavery

Lincoln re-enters politics in 1854, b/c of the KNA!

Willing to compromise Halt the expansion ONLY! Believed in “some” or basic rights for blacks

Own their own labor

The Emergence of Lincoln The Lincoln-Douglas Campaign

1858 Illinois Senate Election Douglas v. Lincoln

Lincoln – “the nation will not survive half-slave and half free”

Lincoln- Douglass Debates Classic of American History Different definitions of Freedom @ the heart

Lincoln – Freedom = abolishing slavery (eventually)

Douglas – resided in local self-government Douglas wins; but, Lincoln is now on the MAP!

The Emergence of Lincoln John Brown at Harpers Ferry

1859 Armed slave revolt Plan made “little sense” (GML 525) North = Hero South = Radical Terrorist and/ or Insane *Last words – (GML 525)

The Rise of Southern Nationalism Nationalism: ________________________________. Future more favorable outside the Union PROTECTION OF SLAVERY was key issue

“Slavery is our king” – SC politician

The Emergence of Lincoln The Democratic Split

Douglas’s position of Kansas alienated pro-slave southerners Southern Dems v. Northern Dems

The Nomination of Lincoln Republican for president 1860. Lincoln’s positives:

commitment to preserving the Union moral opposition to slavery appealed to abolitionists. No association with the nativist, Know-Nothing wing of the

party, And he could ensure Illinois’s votes.

The 1860 Republicans Platform was at its core against the expansion of slavery!

The Emergence of Lincoln The Election of 1860

Two different elections!?!?!?

Lincoln carried all of the North Breckinridge carried most slave states Bell carried the upper South Douglas had support in all areas of country, but not

enough

North pop = Lincoln victory!

NORTH SOUTH

Lincoln v. Douglas Douglas v. Breckinridge, v. John Bell

1861 Political Cartoon“Lincoln the Cat”

Chapter 13 A House Divided, 1840–1861. Fruits of Manifest Destiny Continental Expansion Caused...

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