The Union in CrisisThe Union in Crisis1846-18611846-1861

Slavery and States’ RightsSlavery and States’ Rights

Lincoln, Secession, and WarLincoln, Secession, and War

Slavery and States’ Slavery and States’ RightsRights

Slavery and States’ RightsSlavery and States’ Rights North- manufacturing South- remain agrarianNorth- manufacturing South- remain agrarian cotton (King cotton (King

Cotton)Cotton)slaveryslavery Slave issue arises again, even after Missouri Compromise (TX,CA,NM)Slave issue arises again, even after Missouri Compromise (TX,CA,NM) Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso- no slavery in Mexican Cession territory- S. mad- no slavery in Mexican Cession territory- S. mad 1848 Election- 1848 Election- Free Soil PartyFree Soil Party- Martin Van Buren loses to Whig Zachary - Martin Van Buren loses to Whig Zachary

TaylorTaylor

The Compromise of 1850The Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay (KY) proposes 5 part plan to solve slave issue:Henry Clay (KY) proposes 5 part plan to solve slave issue:

California admitted as free stateCalifornia admitted as free state NM territory would have no slave restrictionsNM territory would have no slave restrictions NM/Texas border dispute would be settled in favor of NMNM/Texas border dispute would be settled in favor of NM Slave trade (not slavery) banned in Washington DCSlave trade (not slavery) banned in Washington DC Stronger fugitive slave lawsStronger fugitive slave laws

Slavery and States’ Slavery and States’ RightsRights

The Fugitive Slave ActThe Fugitive Slave Act Req. all citizens to help catch slaves- N. refusedReq. all citizens to help catch slaves- N. refused Underground Railroad- Harriet TubmanUnderground Railroad- Harriet Tubman ““Uncle Tom’s Cabin”-Uncle Tom’s Cabin”- Harriet Beecher Stowe (white abolitionist) Harriet Beecher Stowe (white abolitionist)

Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act Sen. Sen. Stephen DouglasStephen Douglas (Ill.) suggests creating 2 new states: Kansas & (Ill.) suggests creating 2 new states: Kansas &

NebraskaNebraska Re-opened slave debate and repealed Missouri CompromiseRe-opened slave debate and repealed Missouri Compromise allowed allowed

citizens to decide whether to be free or slavecitizens to decide whether to be free or slave Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty Kansas- pro slavery; but anti slave groups emerge too (2 factions; pro vs. Kansas- pro slavery; but anti slave groups emerge too (2 factions; pro vs.

anti)anti) Violence eruptsViolence erupts Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas

New Political PartyNew Political Party Normally PP extend across sectional linesNormally PP extend across sectional linesslavery divides ppl &PPslavery divides ppl &PP Whig party falls apart; leftovers + Free Soil Party campaign against slaveryWhig party falls apart; leftovers + Free Soil Party campaign against slavery Know- Nothing PartyKnow- Nothing Party nativist organization against immigration nativist organization against immigration Republican partyRepublican party is born and oppose slavery is born and oppose slavery Election of 1856- Dem. James Buchanan wins- Rep. party still too weakElection of 1856- Dem. James Buchanan wins- Rep. party still too weak

Lincoln, Secession, and WarLincoln, Secession, and WarDred Scott DecisionDred Scott Decision Scott was a slave living in MissouriScott was a slave living in MissouriMaster moved to Illinois, a free state, them moved back Master moved to Illinois, a free state, them moved back

to Missourito Missouri Scott sued, claiming he should be free since he lived on free soilScott sued, claiming he should be free since he lived on free soil Roger B. TaneyRoger B. Taney (SC Justice) ruled Scott is still a slave b/c he is property, not a citizen, (SC Justice) ruled Scott is still a slave b/c he is property, not a citizen,

therefore, he had no rightstherefore, he had no rights Decision means the constitution protected slavery- splits countryDecision means the constitution protected slavery- splits country

Lincoln-Douglas DebatesLincoln-Douglas Debates Senate election in 1858 in Ill.- Abraham Lincoln vs. Stephen DouglasSenate election in 1858 in Ill.- Abraham Lincoln vs. Stephen Douglas Series of debates over slaverySeries of debates over slavery Lincoln-oppose Douglas- feels slavery is necessary, but he dislikes itLincoln-oppose Douglas- feels slavery is necessary, but he dislikes it Douglas gives the Douglas gives the Freeport Doctrine SpeechFreeport Doctrine Speech- Ppl can get around slavery issue by electing - Ppl can get around slavery issue by electing

politicians who would not enforce slave lawspoliticians who would not enforce slave laws

Raid on Harpers FerryRaid on Harpers Ferry Southerners feel threatened by growing Republican powerSoutherners feel threatened by growing Republican power Abolitionist Abolitionist John BrownJohn Brown led a raid in Harper’s Ferry, VA led a raid in Harper’s Ferry, VA Raided an arsenalRaided an arsenal gov’t storage for weapons and ammo gov’t storage for weapons and ammo Distribute them to slaves in regionDistribute them to slaves in regionfails, Brown sentenced to deathfails, Brown sentenced to death

Dred ScottDred Scott

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln Stephen Douglas Stephen Douglas

Lincoln, Secession, and WarLincoln, Secession, and WarSecession and WarSecession and War Election of 1860- Democrats are split- half are pro; half are antiElection of 1860- Democrats are split- half are pro; half are anti Republican A. Lincoln wins easily since Dems are splitRepublican A. Lincoln wins easily since Dems are split Rep. promise not to extend slavery, they would not take it away eitherRep. promise not to extend slavery, they would not take it away either Southerners threaten to Southerners threaten to secedesecede (leave) union if Lincoln wins (leave) union if Lincoln wins

The South SecedesThe South Secedes South Carolina leaves first-1860South Carolina leaves first-1860 Confederate States of AmericaConfederate States of America Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis elected president- says the nat’l government had violated southern state elected president- says the nat’l government had violated southern state

rightsrights Most S. did not own slaves and were very concerned Most S. did not own slaves and were very concerned Lincoln felt it was his duty to preserve the Union at all times- would fight a war to keep country Lincoln felt it was his duty to preserve the Union at all times- would fight a war to keep country

togethertogether

Fort SumterFort Sumter 1861- Confederate troops threaten to seize Union forts located in South1861- Confederate troops threaten to seize Union forts located in South Fort SumterFort Sumter (SC) is most important Union fort (SC) is most important Union fortsupplies running lowsupplies running low Lincoln says he will send supplies via unarmed troopsLincoln says he will send supplies via unarmed troops President Davis ordered his troops to attack Sumter anywayPresident Davis ordered his troops to attack Sumter anyway April 12, 1861- Civil War beginsApril 12, 1861- Civil War begins