Chapter 1 NotesChapter 1 Notes

Section 1- NOUNSSection 1- NOUNS

Section 2- PRONOUNS Section 2- PRONOUNS

Section 3- VERBSSection 3- VERBS

Section 4- ADVERBS Section 4- ADVERBS

Section 5- ADJECTIVESSection 5- ADJECTIVES

Section 6- PREPOSITIONS Section 6- PREPOSITIONS

Section 7- CONJUNCTION & Section 7- CONJUNCTION & INTERJECTIONINTERJECTION

TYPES OF TYPES OF NOUNS NOUNS

COMMONCOMMONPROPER PROPER

CONCRETE CONCRETE ABSTRACTABSTRACTSINGULAR SINGULAR

PLURAL PLURAL

COMMON AND PROPERCOMMON AND PROPER Common Noun- Common Noun- a general name for a general name for

a person, place or thing.a person, place or thing.– Example: The Example: The boyboy ran to the store. ran to the store.

Proper Noun- Proper Noun- The name of a The name of a specific specific person, place or thing. person, place or thing. – Example: Example: JohnJohn ran to the store. ran to the store.

Concrete and Abstract Concrete and Abstract Concrete Noun-Concrete Noun- Names an object Names an object

that can be seen, heard, smelled, or that can be seen, heard, smelled, or touchedtouched– Example: Bring me that Example: Bring me that bookbook. .

Abstract Noun-Abstract Noun- Names an idea, Names an idea, quality or state of being. quality or state of being. – Example: I finally have my Example: I finally have my

independenceindependence. .

Singular and PluralSingular and Plural Singular Noun-Singular Noun- Refers to 1 person, Refers to 1 person,

place, or thing.place, or thing. Plural Noun- Plural Noun- Refers to 1 or more Refers to 1 or more

persons, places, or thingspersons, places, or things

Possessive NounsPossessive Nouns

Sarah’s car is outside the building. Sarah’s car is outside the building. The boss’s best employee is John. The boss’s best employee is John. The three boys’ truck is in the shop. The three boys’ truck is in the shop. The women’s bathroom is across the The women’s bathroom is across the

hall. hall.

PRONOUNS PRONOUNS Definition- A pronoun is a word used in Definition- A pronoun is a word used in

place of a noun or another pronoun. place of a noun or another pronoun.

Possessive Pronoun-Possessive Pronoun- A pronoun that A pronoun that shows ownership. shows ownership. – Examples:Examples:

Shawn brokeShawn broke his his hand playing football. hand playing football. Can I borrow Can I borrow your your pencil? pencil?

TYPES OF PRONOUNS TYPES OF PRONOUNS

REFLEXIVE REFLEXIVE

INTENSIVE INTENSIVE

DEMONSTRATIVE DEMONSTRATIVE

INDEFINITE INDEFINITE

INTERROGATIVEINTERROGATIVE

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN

Points out specific persons, places, Points out specific persons, places, things, or ideas. things, or ideas. – Example #1: We did better than Example #1: We did better than those those

kids. kids. – Example #2: Example #2: ThatThat boy is the one who boy is the one who

stole the bike. stole the bike.

INDEFINITE PRONOUNINDEFINITE PRONOUN

DOES NOTDOES NOT refer to a specific person, refer to a specific person, place, thing, or idea. place, thing, or idea. – Example #1: Example #1: Many Many of the students were of the students were

at the party. at the party. – Example #2: Example #2: BothBoth of the girls were at of the girls were at

the game. the game.

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN

Used to ask a question. Used to ask a question. – Example: Example: WhatWhat is your favorite song? is your favorite song?

REFLEXIVE AND INTENSIVE REFLEXIVE AND INTENSIVE PRONOUNSPRONOUNS

Both Both ReflexiveReflexive and and IntensiveIntensive pronouns pronouns are formed by adding are formed by adding –self–self or or –selves –selves to to the end of a pronoun. the end of a pronoun.

REFLEXIVE- Reflects action back upon the REFLEXIVE- Reflects action back upon the subject. subject. – Example: Example: DonnaDonna prepared prepared herselfherself for a long for a long

day. day. INTENSIVE- Adds emphasis to a noun or INTENSIVE- Adds emphasis to a noun or

pronoun. (Will come directly behind the pronoun. (Will come directly behind the noun it is describing). noun it is describing). – Example: The Example: The wait itselfwait itself would take hours. would take hours.

Locate each pronoun and Locate each pronoun and identify its type. identify its type.

1. Which is the oldest zoo, the 1. Which is the oldest zoo, the Philadelphia Zoo or Central Park zoo in Philadelphia Zoo or Central Park zoo in New York? New York?

2. Kodiak bears sun themselves on the 2. Kodiak bears sun themselves on the towering rocks. towering rocks.

3. Everyone in the school band practices 3. Everyone in the school band practices three hours a day. three hours a day.

4.4. The best way to find out is to ask the The best way to find out is to ask the ticket sellers themselves. ticket sellers themselves.

5.5. That car is a 2006 Ford Mustang. That car is a 2006 Ford Mustang.

VERBS VERBS A A VERB VERB expresses an action or state of being. expresses an action or state of being. Action VerbAction Verb – Expresses an action. – Expresses an action.

– Example- Example- The band The band marchedmarched onto the field. onto the field. Linking Verb- Linking Verb- Links the subject of a sentence Links the subject of a sentence

to the predicate. to the predicate. – Example – Example – The instruments The instruments areare safe on the bus. safe on the bus.

Helping Verb – Helping Verb – Combined with verbs to form a Combined with verbs to form a verb phrase. verb phrase. – ExampleExample- The stadium - The stadium may bemay be filled to capacity. filled to capacity.

Examples of Linking and Examples of Linking and Helping Verbs Helping Verbs

LINKINGLINKING ISIS AMAM AREARE WASWAS WEREWERE BEENBEEN BEINGBEING

HELPINGHELPING HAVE HAVE WILLWILL CANCAN MAY MAY MIGHT MIGHT SHOULD SHOULD WOULD WOULD

ADJECTIVESADJECTIVESAdjectiveAdjective- Describes a noun or pronoun. - Describes a noun or pronoun.

Questions adjectives answer: Questions adjectives answer: What Kind, Which One, How Many, How Much What Kind, Which One, How Many, How Much

ARTICLESARTICLES- - A, AN, THEA, AN, THE

Examples of adjectives: Examples of adjectives:

1.1. The brown dog ran across the windy road. The brown dog ran across the windy road.

2.2. I have two tickets to the big football game. I have two tickets to the big football game.

ADVERBS ADVERBS An An adverbadverb describes a verb, adjective, describes a verb, adjective,

or another adverb. or another adverb.

***Many adverbs have an –ly ending******Many adverbs have an –ly ending***

***Most adverbs will either come right ***Most adverbs will either come right before or right after a verb***before or right after a verb***

Examples: Examples:

1.1. We were rather surprised that we had a We were rather surprised that we had a test. test.

2.2. His health gradually worsened. His health gradually worsened.

Give the correct part of speech for Give the correct part of speech for

each word in the following sentences. each word in the following sentences.

1. 1. The white car drove quickly to the The white car drove quickly to the grocery store. grocery store.

2. Fast cars are more expensive to buy. 2. Fast cars are more expensive to buy.

3.3. I need a new car badly.I need a new car badly.

Options: Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Options: Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective, Article, Adverb, Adjective, Article, Adverb, PrepositionPreposition

PREPOSITIONS PREPOSITIONS Definition- a word that shows the Definition- a word that shows the

location of a noun or pronoun. location of a noun or pronoun. – Examples:Examples:

The sound of a jazz band filled the kitchen.The sound of a jazz band filled the kitchen. The music was coming from a radio. The music was coming from a radio.

COMMONLY USED COMMONLY USED PREPOSITIONS PREPOSITIONS

ABOUTABOUT

ACROSSACROSS AFTER AFTER AROUNDAROUND ASAS ATAT BEFOREBEFORE BYBY WITHWITH

DOWN DOWN FOR FOR FROMFROM ININ INSIDEINSIDE OFOF OFFOFF ONON TOTO

Prepositional PhrasePrepositional Phrase

Definition- contains a preposition and its Definition- contains a preposition and its object (OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION) object (OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION)

***Object of the preposition will be a noun ***Object of the preposition will be a noun or pronoun. or pronoun.

Examples: Examples: The sound of a jazz band filled the The sound of a jazz band filled the

kitchen. kitchen. The sounds came from a radio. The sounds came from a radio.

CONJUNCTIONS CONJUNCTIONS

Definition- connects words or groups Definition- connects words or groups of words. of words.

4 TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS:4 TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS:– CoordinatingCoordinating– CorrelativeCorrelative– SubordinatingSubordinating– Conjunctive AdverbConjunctive Adverb

Coordinating Conjunction Coordinating Conjunction

Definition- Connects words or groups of Definition- Connects words or groups of words of equal importance in a words of equal importance in a sentence. sentence. – Examples: Examples:

Sonia Sonia andand her friends watched the new music her friends watched the new music video. video.

The action started quickly on a beach, The action started quickly on a beach, butbut the the scene quickly changed. scene quickly changed.

Correlative Conjunction Correlative Conjunction

Definition- Definition- word pairsword pairs (2) that join (2) that join words or groups of words. words or groups of words.

– Examples:Examples: NeitherNeither Tim Tim nornor Sally saw the movie. Sally saw the movie. BothBoth the boys the boys andand the girls are in the class. the girls are in the class.

Both… and not only…but also

Either…or whether…orNeither…nor

Subordinating Conjunction Subordinating Conjunction

Definition- Introduces a group of Definition- Introduces a group of words that cannot stand alone. words that cannot stand alone. – Examples:Examples:

Although Although music videos are short, they are music videos are short, they are expensive to produce. expensive to produce.

The band waited The band waited whilewhile the director checked the director checked the lighting. the lighting.

A after, although, as, as if, as long as, as much as, as soon as, as thoughB because, before, by the timeE even if, even thoughI if, in order that, in caseL lestO once, only ifP provided thatS since, so thatT than, that, though, tillU unless, untilW when, whenever, where, wherever, while

Subordinating Conjunction Subordinating Conjunction

Conjunctive Adverb Conjunctive Adverb

Definition- joins two complete Definition- joins two complete sentences. sentences. – Examples: Examples:

The game starts at 7 o’clock. However, it The game starts at 7 o’clock. However, it may get rained out. may get rained out.

INTERJECTIONS INTERJECTIONS

Definition- Used to express an Definition- Used to express an emotion. emotion. – Examples:Examples:

Wow!Wow! I didn’t see that coming. I didn’t see that coming. Hey!,Hey!, that boy just stole my car! that boy just stole my car!

CHAPTER 1- PARTS OF SPEECH CHAPTER 1- PARTS OF SPEECH

NOUNS (6 TYPES)NOUNS (6 TYPES) PRONOUNS (5 TYPES)PRONOUNS (5 TYPES) VERBS (Action and Linking)VERBS (Action and Linking) ADVERBSADVERBS ADJECTIVES (and Articles) ADJECTIVES (and Articles) PREPOSITIONSPREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS (4 types) CONJUNCTIONS (4 types) INTERJECTIONSINTERJECTIONS