Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions.

Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, verbs, Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctionsadverbs, prepositions, conjunctions

Function: Nouns name a person, place, or thing

Examples:LeBron James personMiami placeBasketball thing

Nouns

Raise your hand to come up and identify the nouns.

Clothe an idea in words, and it loses its freedom

of movement.

Clothe an idea in words, and it loses its

freedom of movement.

Nouns


Luck is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity.

Luck is a matter of preparation meeting

opportunity.

Nouns


Problems are only opportunities in work clothes.

Problems are only opportunities in work clothes.

Nouns

Function: Adjectives modify or describe a noun.

Examples:Short, tall, big, loud, wealthy, intelligent, studiousThe kid passed the ball.The short kid passed the ball.

Adjectives

Hercules was not long in finding the lion—the largest, strongest, and fiercest ever seen in the world.Hercules was not long in finding the lion—the largest, strongest, and fiercest ever seen in the world.

Adjectives

Sometimes nouns function as adjectives:I bought her a silk purse.

Silk is a noun, but here it is describing the purse so is being used as an adjective.

Other example:He works for the city government.

Adjectives

It had its nest in a foul, stagnant swamp, the air of which its breath turned to poison.

Adjectives

In time, Venetians would come to be priced out of Titian’s market by the powerful figures of the age. The painter was, Lady Hale writes, a mercenary who would serve the highest bidder without, it seems, sacrificing his artistic integrity. Eventually he became court painter to the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. But he continued to live in Venice with his family and his many friends, the best of whom was Pietro Aretino, a magnificent and magnificently bearded scoundrel.

Adjectives

Function: Pronouns replace nouns.

Examples:Steve hit the ball. N NHe hit it. P P

Pronouns

The noun a pronoun replaces is called the antecedent.

Example:I gave $20 to Bob. He put it in the bank.

Our Nouns are $20 and Bob.

Pronouns

The noun a pronoun replaces is called the antecedent.

Example:I gave $20 to Bob. He put it in the bank.

Our pronouns are he and it.He replaces Bob; it replaces $20.Thus, $20 and Bob are our antecedents.

Pronouns

Pronouns

Common pronouns:

I, you, we, they, them, him, herMy, mine, his, hers, ours, theirs, itsThis, that, those, theseSome, all, many, few, several

Pronouns

Read the sentence below and change the underlined nouns to pronouns:

Did you see Pac and Biggie at the game?

Pronouns


Did you see them at the game?

Pronouns


LeBron, Wade and Bosh won the NBA championship.

Pronouns


They won it.

Pronouns

When identifying a pronoun, also identify its antecedent.

What is the antecedent? Pronoun(s)?When Achilles was a child his mother had dipped him in the river Styx, and the heel by which she had held him was the only spot where he could be hurt.

Pronouns

When identifying a pronoun, also identify its antecedent.

What is the antecedent? Pronoun(s)?Pericles was the greatest statesman Athens ever had. When he was a boy he was timid and shy, afraid to talk before strangers. But when he grew up and went to battle no man was braver.

Pronouns

What is the antecedent? Pronoun(s)?Pericles was the greatest statesman Athens ever had. When he was a boy he was timid and shy, afraid to talk before strangers. But when he grew up and went to battle no man was braver.

Pronouns: he Antecedent: Pericles

Pronouns

Function: Verbs show an action or state of being in a sentence.

Examples: I ran to school. (action)LeBron dunked the ball. (action)He is sick. (state of being)

Verbs

In addition, verbs always have a subject – the thing that does the action.

I ran to school. I is the subjectLeBron dunked the ball. LeBron is the subject.He is sick. He is the subject.(In some cases, like commands, the subject may be implied)GO AWAY! (The implied subject is YOU)

Verbs

Identify the subject and verb

The rest of the Greeks went on board their ships and rowed away. The Trojans thought their enemies were gone forever.

Verbs


The rest of the Greeks went on board their ships and rowed away. The Trojans thought their enemies were gone forever.

??? Why are the Greeks not the subject?- Because nothing in a prepositional phrase can ever be the subject!

Verbs


So they came out of their city and walked about, glad to be free. They went to the deserted camp of the Greeks, and picked up old swords and broken helmets and other things that had been left on the ground.

Verbs

What is wrong with this dialogue?

Junior: “How are you doing?

Shakia: “I’m doing good.”

INTRODUCING ADVERBS:

So the correct answer should be…

I’m doing well [Well is an Adverb]

(It is now becoming acceptable to say “I’m good” because adjectives can be used with linking verbs.)

GOOD is an Adjective, not an Adverb!

Function: Adverbs modify verbs. (An adverb is to a verb what an adjective is to a noun.) They usually end in –ly.

Examples:He ran quickly.She spoke loudly.

Adverbs

Arnold easily lifted the barbell.Arnold easily lifted the barbell.

We’ll read the rest of the book tomorrow.We’ll read the rest of the book tomorrow.

Adverbs

Adverbs are very moveable. This adverb can fit in three different places in the sentence “He climbed the ladder.”

Slowly he climbed the ladder.He slowly climbed the ladder.He climbed the ladder slowly.

Adverbs

Identify the adverbs in the sentence below:

I unfortunately woke up at 5:00am today barely able to open my eyes before groggily putting on my clothes and angrily coming to class.

Adverbs

Function: Prepositions link two words (usually nouns) to tell you something about how they relate, usually in space or time.

Examples: The computer is on the table.The computer’s relation to the table is one of space.

Prepositions

You can sit before the desk (or in front of the desk). The professor can sit on the desk (when he's being informal) or behind the desk, and then his feet are under the desk or beneath the desk. He can stand beside the desk (meaning next to the desk), before the desk, between the desk and you, or even on the desk (if he's really strange). If he's clumsy, he can bump into the desk or try to walk through the desk (and stuff would fall off the desk). Passing his hands over the desk or resting his elbows upon the desk, he often looks across the desk and speaks of the desk or concerning the desk as if there were nothing else like the desk. Because he thinks of nothing except the desk, sometimes you wonder about the desk, what's in the desk, what he paid for the desk, and if he could live without the desk. You can walk toward the desk, to the desk, around the desk, by the desk, and even past the desk while he sits at the desk or leans against the desk.

The Professor and his Desk

Examples: I go to Physics after English.The relationship between the two nouns is one of time.

Put your shoes next to the door.The relationship between the two nouns is one of space.

Prepositions

Most Common Prepositions

Identify the two nouns, the preposition, and whether the relationship is one of space or time.

The puppy is on the floor.

The puppy hid behind the fig tree.

Prepositions


The puppy is on the floor.space

The puppy hid behind the fig tree.space

Prepositions


During the marathon, Iggy's legs complained with sharp pains shooting up his calves.

In the morning I like to drink my coffee before brushing my teeth but after eating my cereal.

Prepositions

A Prepositional phrase is a part of a

sentence that begins with a preposition and ends with an object (usually a noun).

It can function as an adverb or adjective in the sentence and will answer one of the following questions: Which one? - How? When? - Where?

Prepositional Phrase

Freddy is sore from yesterday's long football practice.

How did Freddy get sore? From yesterday's long football practice!

Prepositional Phrases

Before class, Josh begged his friends for a pencil.

When did Josh do his begging? Before class!

The book on the bathroom floor is swollen from shower steam.Which book? The one on the bathroom floor!


Circle the preposition in the following sentence

and underline the prepositional phrase.

The note from Beverly confessed that she had eaten the leftover pizza.


Circle the preposition in the following sentence

and underline the prepositional phrase.

The note from Beverly confessed that she had eaten the leftover pizza.

Now, what is the prepositional phrase acting as?


The note from Beverly confessed that she had

eaten the leftover pizza.

Note = noun, so…

The prepositional phrase “From Beverly” is acting as an adjective.

It answers the question “which note?”


Circle the preposition in the following sentence and underline the prepositional phrase.

Feeling brave, we tried the Dragon Breath Burritos at Tito's Taco Palace.


Circle the preposition in the following sentence and underline the prepositional phrase.

Feeling brave, we tried the Dragon Breath Burritos at Tito's Taco Palace.

It is functioning as an Adjective Phrase


The subject of the sentence will NEVER be

found in a prepositional phrase… this will help us to avoid the most common error that high school students make:

SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT!

WHY BOTHER?

Function: Coordinating Conjunctions join two or more items of equal importance, such as words, clauses, or sentences.

Examples: For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

Coordinating Conjunctions

ForAndNorButOrYetSo


For presents a reason ("He is gambling with

his health for he has been smoking far too long.").

And presents non-contrasting item(s) or idea(s) ("They gamble and they smoke.").

Nor presents a non-contrasting negative idea ("They do not gamble nor do they smoke.").


But presents a contrast or exception ("They

gamble but they don't smoke."). Or presents an alternative item or idea

("Every day they gamble, or they smoke."). Yet presents a contrast or exception ("They

gamble yet they don't smoke."). So presents a consequence ("He gambled well

last night so he smoked a cigar to celebrate.").


Identify the coordinating conjunction and what it does in the sentence.

Joey lost a fortune in the stock market, but he still seems able to live quite comfortably.

Joey lost a fortune in the stock market, but he still seems able to live quite comfortably.



That is not what I meant to say, nor should you interpret my statement as an admission of guilt

That is not what I meant to say, nor should you interpret my statement as an admission of guilt



The visitors complained loudly about the heat, yet they continued to play golf every day.

The visitors complained loudly about the heat, yet they continued to play golf every day.


Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions.

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