Chapter 1 Medical Terminology

Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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The Language Of The Language Of MedicineMedicine1010thth edition edition

Davi-Ellen ChabnerDavi-Ellen Chabner

Chapter 1Basic Word Structure


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Chapter Goals• Identify basic objectives to guide your

study of the medical language.• Divide medical words into their

component parts.• Learn the meanings of basic combining

forms, prefixes, and suffixes of the medical language.

• Use these combining forms, prefixes, and suffixes to build medical words.


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Chapter 1Lesson 1.1


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Objectives in Studying The Medical Language

• Analyze words by dividing them into component parts.

• Relate the medical terms to the structure and function of the human body.

• Be aware of spelling and pronunciation problems.


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QUICK QUIZ:

1. All medical terms have:A. a combining vowelB. two rootsC. a suffixD. a prefix


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QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d)

2. Which element appears at the beginning of a medical term?

A. SuffixB. PrefixC. Combining vowelD. Combining form


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Word Analysis

HEMAT/O/LOGY


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Word Analysis (cont’d)

HEMAT/O/LOGY root suffix combining vowel

hemat means blood-logy means process of study


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Important elements:Root: foundation of the termSuffix: word endingPrefix: word beginningCombining vowel: vowel (usually o) that links

the root to the suffix or the root to another root and aids pronunciation

Combining form: combination of the root and the combining vowel


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ELECTR/O/CARDI/O/GRAM


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ELECTR/O/CARDI/O/GRAM root root suffix combining vowels

electr means electricitycardi means heart-gram means record


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GASTR/ITIS


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GASTR/ITIS root suffix gastr means stomach-itis means inflammation

Note: Drop combining vowel when suffix starts with a vowel (as in “itis”)


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GASTR/O/ENTER/O/LOGY


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GASTR/O/ENTER/O/LOGY root root suffix combining vowels

gastr means stomachenter means intestines-logy means process of study


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THREE General Rules:

1. Read the meaning of medical terms from the suffix back to the beginning of the term and across

2. Drop the combining vowel (usually o) before a suffix beginning with a vowel: gastritis not “gastroitis”

3. Keep the combining vowel between two roots: gastroenterology not “gastrenterology”


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HYPO/GASTR/IC


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HYPO/GASTR/IC prefix root suffix hypo- means belowgastr means stomach-ic means pertaining to


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EPI/GASTR/IC


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EPI/GASTR/IC prefix root suffix epi- means abovegastr means stomach-ic means pertaining to


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Combining Forms

aden/o_________

arthr/o_________

bi/o _________

carcin/o _________

cardi/o_________

Combining FormCombining Form Meaning Meaning


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Combining Forms (cont’d)

aden/o gland

arthr/o joint

bi/o life

carcin/o cancerous, cancer

cardi/o heart

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning


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QUICK QUIZ:

3. Which term means inflammation of the gland?

A. ArthritisB. AdenitisC. AdenomaD. Cephalic


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Combining Forms

cephal/o _________

cerebr/o _________

cis/o _________

crin/o _________

cyst/o _________



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cephal/o head

cerebr/o cerebrum

cis/o to cut

crin/o to secrete

cyst/o urinary bladder



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cyt/o _________

derm/o or dermat/o _________

electr/o _________

encephal/o _________

enter/o _________



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cyt/o cell

derm/o or dermat/o skin

electr/o electricity

encephal/o brain

enter/o intestines



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QUICK QUIZ:

4. Which term means study of cells?A. CystoscopyB. CystitisC. CytologyD. Hematology


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Combining Forms

erythr/o _________

gastr/o _________

glyc/o _________

gnos/o _________

gynec/o _________

hemat/o or hem/o _________



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erythr/o red

gastr/o stomach

glyc/o sugar

gnos/o knowledge

gynec/o woman, female

hemat/o or hem/o blood



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hepat/o _________

iatr/o _________

leuk/o _________

log/o _________

nephr/o_________

neur/o _________



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hepat/o liver

iatr/o treatment, physician

leuk/o white

log/o study of

nephr/okidney

neur/o nerve



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onc/o _________

ophthalm/o _________

oste/o _________

path/o _________

ped/o _________



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onc/o tumor

ophthalm/o eye

oste/o bone

path/o disease

ped/o child



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psych/o _________

radi/o _________

ren/o _________

rhin/o _________

sarc/o _________



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psych/o mind

radi/o x-rays

ren/o kidney

rhin/o nose

sarc/o flesh



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sect/o _________

thromb/o _________

ur/o _________



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sect/o to cut

thromb/o clot, clotting

ur/o urinary tract, urine



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Suffixes

-ac _________

-al _________

-algia _________

-cyte _________

-ectomy _________



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Suffixes (cont’d)

-ac pertaining to

-al pertaining to

-algia pain

-cyte cell

-ectomy excision, removal



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QUICK QUIZ:

5. Which suffix means to “cut out” or remove?A.-ectomyB. -scopyC. -itisD.-opsy


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Suffixes

-emia _________

-genic _________

-globin _________

-gram _________

-ic, ical _________



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Suffixes (cont’d)

-emia blood condition

-genic produced by or in

-globin protein

-gram record

-ic, ical pertaining to



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Suffixes (cont’d)

-ion _________

-ist _________

-itis _________

-logy _________

-oma _________



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Suffixes (cont’d)

-ion process

-ist specialist

-itis inflammation

-logy process of study

-oma tumor, mass, swelling



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Suffixes (cont’d)

-opsy _________

-osis _________

-pathy _________

-scope _________

-scopy _________



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Suffixes (cont’d)

-opsy process of viewing

-osis condition, usually abnormal

-pathy disease condition

-scope instrument to visually examine

-scopy process of visually examining



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Suffixes (cont’d)

-sis _________

-tomy _________

-y _________



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Suffixes (cont’d)

-sis state of; condition

-tomy process of cutting, incision

-y process, condition



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Prefixes

a-, an- _________

aut-, auto _________

dia- _________

end-, endo- _________

epi- _________

ex-, exo- _________

Combining Form MeaningCombining Form Meaning


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Prefixes (cont’d)

a-, an- no, not, without

aut-, auto- self, own

dia- complete, through

endo- within

epi- above, upon

ex-, exo- out, outside of, outward

Combining Form Combining Form MeaningMeaning


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Prefixes (cont’d)

hyper- _________

hypo- _________

in- _________

peri- _________

pro- _________



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Prefixes (cont’d)

hyper- excessive, above, more than normal

hypo- deficient, below, under, less than normal

in- into, in

peri- surrounding, around

pro- before, forward

Combining Form Combining Form Meaning Meaning


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Prefixes (cont’d)

re- _________

retro- _________

sub- _________

trans- _________



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Prefixes (cont’d)

re- back, backward, again

retro- behind

sub- below, under

trans- across, through



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Pronunciation of Terms

• When ¯ is above a vowel, the sound is long. For example:

ā as in āpe

ō as in ōpen

• When ˘ is above a vowel, the sound is short. For example:

ă as in ăpple

ŏ as in pŏt

• The capitalized syllable is accented.


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Pronunciation of Terms (cont’d)

Examples:

adenitis ăd-ĕ-Nī-tĭs

biology bī-OL-ō-jē

cephalic se-FĂL-ĭk

iatrogenic i-ăt-rō-JĔN-ĭk

resection rē-SĔK-shŭn

Chapter 1 Medical Terminology

Education

Transcript of Chapter 1 Medical Terminology