11

Medical TerminologyMedical Terminology

Musculoskeletal SystemMusculoskeletal SystemChapter 11Chapter 11

22

FunctionsFunctions

support and protect internal organssupport and protect internal organs– bonesbones

body movementsbody movements– joints and musclesjoints and muscles

blood forming function (hematopoiesis)blood forming function (hematopoiesis)– bone marrowbone marrow

mineral storagemineral storage

33

Long BonesLong Bones diaphysis, epiphysisdiaphysis, epiphysis compact bone, medullary cavitycompact bone, medullary cavity spongy bone, erythropoiesis and spongy bone, erythropoiesis and

leukopoiesisleukopoiesis periosteum, osteoblastsperiosteum, osteoblasts

44

Other BonesOther Bones

Short - cancellous boneShort - cancellous bone Irregular Irregular FlatFlat

55

Skeleton Skeleton 206 bones206 bones

Axial SkeletonAxial Skeleton– 80 bones80 bones

skull, spinal column, ribs, skull, spinal column, ribs, sternumsternum

protects major organs protects major organs of nervous, respiratory, of nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systemsand circulatory systems

66

SkeletonSkeleton AppendicularAppendicular

126 bones126 bones upper extremities and upper extremities and

shoulder girdleshoulder girdle protects organs of protects organs of

digestion, excretion, digestion, excretion, reproductionreproduction

77

Vertebral ColumnVertebral Column vertebrae - 26vertebrae - 26 cervical - 7cervical - 7 thoracic - 12thoracic - 12 lumbar - 5lumbar - 5 sacrum - 1sacrum - 1 coccyx - 1coccyx - 1 intervertebral disksintervertebral disks

88

Ribs and SternumRibs and Sternum

12 pairs of ribs, 12 pairs of ribs, costals (cost/o)costals (cost/o)

sternumsternum , breast bone, breast bone xiphoid processxiphoid process thoracic cavitythoracic cavity

99

ShouldersShoulders

pectoral or shoulder girdlepectoral or shoulder girdle clavicle or collarboneclavicle or collarbone scapulascapula

1010

HumerusHumerus RadiusRadius UlnaUlna

ArmsArmsRadiusRadiusUlnaUlna

1111

carpalscarpals metacarpalsmetacarpals phalangesphalanges

CarpalsCarpals

MetacarpalsMetacarpals

PhalangesPhalanges

1212

Pelvic (Hip) GirdlePelvic (Hip) Girdle

ilium - upper, blade shaped ilium - upper, blade shaped ischium - lower and posteriorischium - lower and posterior acetabulum - hip socketacetabulum - hip socket symphysis pubis - anterior portionsymphysis pubis - anterior portion sacrumsacrum coccyxcoccyx

1313

Joints (articulations)Joints (articulations)

Diarthroses, amphiarthroses, Diarthroses, amphiarthroses, synarthrosessynarthroses

ligaments ligaments bones to bonesbones to bones tendonstendons muscles to bonesmuscles to bones synovial membrane and fluidsynovial membrane and fluid

1414

Functions of MusclesFunctions of Muscles

hold the body erecthold the body erect make movements possiblemake movements possible move food, fluids and other body move food, fluids and other body

structures through ductsstructures through ducts– propulsion of bloodpropulsion of blood– contraction of bladdercontraction of bladder

muscle movement produces about 85% muscle movement produces about 85% of heat generationof heat generation

1515

AttachmentsAttachments

fleshy attachmentsfleshy attachments– muscle fibers arise from bonemuscle fibers arise from bone

fibrous attachmentsfibrous attachments– connective tissue (epimysium, perimysium, connective tissue (epimysium, perimysium,

endomysium)endomysium)to form a tendonto form a tendon

– aponeurosis - large area of fibrous aponeurosis - large area of fibrous attachmentattachment

1616

Types of MusclesTypes of Muscles

Three types of muscle tissue - described Three types of muscle tissue - described according to their function.according to their function.

striated, voluntarystriated, voluntary smooth, unstriated, involuntary, visceralsmooth, unstriated, involuntary, visceral cardiac, involuntarycardiac, involuntary

– Striated in appearance, smooth in action

1717

Pathology - BonesPathology - Bones osteomyelitisosteomyelitis

– bone infectionbone infection– hematoma, ankylosis, necrosishematoma, ankylosis, necrosis

Paget’s disease (osteitis deformans)Paget’s disease (osteitis deformans)– chronic inflammation of boneschronic inflammation of bones

1818

FracturesFractures

closed or simpleclosed or simple open or compoundopen or compound complicatedcomplicated comminutedcomminuted impactedimpacted incompleteincomplete greenstickgreenstick

1919

OsteoporosisOsteoporosis

Decrease on bone Decrease on bone densitydensity– bone pain, bone pain,

commonly in the commonly in the backback

2020

Spinal DisordersSpinal Disorders scoliosisscoliosis kyphosiskyphosis lordosislordosis spina bifidaspina bifida

– spina bifida occultaspina bifida occulta– spina bifida cysticaspina bifida cystica

spondylitisspondylitis

2121

JointsJoints

arthritisarthritis– rheumatoidrheumatoid– osteoarthritis osteoarthritis

(degenerative joint (degenerative joint disease)disease)

– gouty arthritisgouty arthritis

2222

MusclesMuscles

Myasthenia gravisMyasthenia gravis

–acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)acetylcholine (neurotransmitter) Muscular dystrophyMuscular dystrophy

– genetic, atrophygenetic, atrophy

2323

OncologyOncology

OsteomasOsteomas sarcomasarcoma

– fibrosarcomafibrosarcoma– lymphosarcomalymphosarcoma– chondrosarcomachondrosarcoma– Ewing’s sarcomaEwing’s sarcoma

2424

End of LessonEnd of Lesson