Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science Chapter 2: Minerals … · 2019-08-02 · v Chapter 1:...

8
v Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science 1.1 e Study of Earth Science 4 1.2 Age of the Earth 7 1.3 Maps 11 Chapter 2: Minerals 2.1 Introduction to Minerals 18 2.2 Mineral Groups 21 2.3 General Mineral Properties 24 2.4 Special Mineral Properties 28 Chapter 3: Rocks 3.1 Igneous Rock 33 3.2 Sedimentary Rock 37 3.3 Metamorphic Rock 42 3.4 e Rock Cycle 45 Chapter 4: Structure of the Earth 4.1 Core 50 4.2 Mantle 54 4.3 Crust 57 Geology Table of Contents v © Earth and Space Science

Transcript of Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science Chapter 2: Minerals … · 2019-08-02 · v Chapter 1:...

Page 1: Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science Chapter 2: Minerals … · 2019-08-02 · v Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science 1.1 The Study of Earth Science 4 1.2 Age of the Earth

v

Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science1.1 The Study of Earth Science 41.2 Age of the Earth 71.3 Maps 11

Chapter 2: Minerals2.1 Introduction to Minerals 182.2 Mineral Groups 212.3 General Mineral Properties 242.4 Special Mineral Properties 28

Chapter 3: Rocks3.1 Igneous Rock 333.2 Sedimentary Rock 373.3 Metamorphic Rock 423.4 The Rock Cycle 45

Chapter 4: Structure of the Earth4.1 Core 504.2 Mantle 544.3 Crust 57

Geology

UNIT

1

Table of Contents

v© Earth and Space Science

Page 2: Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science Chapter 2: Minerals … · 2019-08-02 · v Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science 1.1 The Study of Earth Science 4 1.2 Age of the Earth

UNIT

2Ge

olog

ic Ch

ange

s

Chapter 1: Weathering and Erosion1.1 Mechanical Weathering 641.2 Chemical Weathering 671.3 Mass Wasting 711.4 Wind and Wave Erosion 751.5 River Erosion 801.6 Glacial Erosion 84

Chapter 2: Soil2.1 Soil Composition 912.2 Soil Profile 952.3 Soil Types 982.4 Soil and Rock Layers 1022.5 Fossils 106

vi

Page 3: Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science Chapter 2: Minerals … · 2019-08-02 · v Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science 1.1 The Study of Earth Science 4 1.2 Age of the Earth

vii

The Dynamic Earth

UNIT

3

Chapter 1: Crust Movement1.1 Continental Drift 1161.2 Plate Boundaries 1211.3 Rock Stress and Deformation 1241.4 Mountains 127

Chapter 2: Earthquakes2.1 Earthquake Causes 1312.2 Earthquake Zones 1332.3 Faults 1362.4 Seismic Waves 1392.5 Prediction and Effects 143

Chapter 3: Volcanoes3.1 Volcano Formation 1503.2 Volcano Zones 1543.3 Volcanic Material 1573.4 Types and Eruptions 1613.5 Prediction and Effects 164

vii© Earth and Space Science

Page 4: Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science Chapter 2: Minerals … · 2019-08-02 · v Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science 1.1 The Study of Earth Science 4 1.2 Age of the Earth

Wat

er an

d Wat

er Sy

stem

sUNIT

4

Chapter 1: Water1.1 Water Properties 1721.2 The Water Cycle 1761.3 Glaciers 1791.4 Groundwater 1821.5 Surface Water 1861.6 Rivers 1901.7 Ponds and Lakes 1941.8 Dams and Reservoirs 1991.9 Eutrophication 203

Chapter 2: Oceans2.1 Ocean Water Properties 2102.2 Ocean Motion 2142.3 Tides 2182.4 Ocean Floors 2222.5 Ocean Exploration 2252.6 Ocean Resources 228

viii

Page 5: Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science Chapter 2: Minerals … · 2019-08-02 · v Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science 1.1 The Study of Earth Science 4 1.2 Age of the Earth

Meteorology

UNIT

5

Chapter 1: Atmosphere1.1 Composition of the Atmosphere 2361.2 Layers of the Atmosphere 2401.3 Magnetosphere 2431.4 Ozone Layer 246

Chapter 2: Weather2.1 Heat Transfer 2532.2 Air Pressure 2572.3 Local Winds 2612.4 Global Winds 2652.5 Clouds 2682.6 Precipitation 2712.7 Air Masses and Fronts 2742.8 Storms 2782.9 Forecasting Weather 2822.10 Controlling Weather 285

Chapter 3: Climate3.1 Climate Factors 2903.2 Climate Zones 2943.3 Climate Changes 299

ix© Earth and Space Science

Page 6: Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science Chapter 2: Minerals … · 2019-08-02 · v Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science 1.1 The Study of Earth Science 4 1.2 Age of the Earth

The E

nviro

nmen

tUNIT

6

Chapter 1: Natural Resources1.1 Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources 3101.2 Air, Water, and Trees 3121.3 Fossil Fuels 3161.4 Rocks and Minerals 3201.5 Land 3251.6 Soil 3281.7 Alternative Energy Sources 331

Chapter 2: Pollution Solutions2.1 Land Pollution 3392.2 Air Pollution 3432.3 Water Pollution 3482.4 Stewardship 352

x

Page 7: Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science Chapter 2: Minerals … · 2019-08-02 · v Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science 1.1 The Study of Earth Science 4 1.2 Age of the Earth

xi

Astronomy

UNIT

7

Chapter 1: Solar System1.1 History of Astronomy 3601.2 Calendars 3641.3 Optical Telescopes 3681.4 Nonoptical Telescopes 3721.5 Solar System 3751.6 Sun 379

Chapter 2: Planets2.1 Plantetary Motion 3872.2 Inner Planets 3902.3 Outer Planets 3942.4 Smaller Orbiting Bodies 399

Chapter 3: Sun, Earth, and Moon3.1 Structure of the Moon 4063.2 Phases of the Moon 4103.3 Eclipses 4133.4 Seasons 416

xi© Earth and Space Science

Page 8: Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science Chapter 2: Minerals … · 2019-08-02 · v Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science 1.1 The Study of Earth Science 4 1.2 Age of the Earth

The G

reat

Expa

nse

UNIT

8

Chapter 1: Stars and the Universe1.1 Stars 4241.2 Life Cycle of Stars 4281.3 Star Systems 4311.4 Creation of the Universe 435

Chapter 2: Space Exploration2.1 Rockets 4432.2 Space Probes 4472.3 Satellites 4502.4 Working in Space 454

xii