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Characteristics Artery Vein Capillary

Cross section

Thickness of wall Thick Thinvery thin(one

-cell thick)

Blood flow Fast Slow Very slow

Blood pressure High Low Very low

CHAPTER 2 : BLOOD CIRCULATION AND

TRANSPORT

1 Human Blood Circulatory System is the transport 5 The function of the heart is to pump blood to all partssystem which consists of heart, blood vessels and blood. of the body.

Human Blood Circulatory System

Heart Blood Vessels Blood

2 Functions of the human blood circulatory system :Transport useful substances :

oxygen, nutrients, hormones and antibodies to

all part of the body.

Transport waste products :

carbon dioxide, urea, excess water/mineral salts.

3 Human blood circulatory system act as a system oftubes with a pump (heart) and valves that ensure

one-way flow of blood.

4 Blood flow in the human blood circulatory system can 6 The valves prevent backflow of blood thereforebe divided into two paths : ensures the blood flow in one direction.

Pulmonary Circulation :

-Transports deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs 7 Blood vessels are tubes in the body that channel blood.-Transports oxygenated blood from lungs to heart There are 3 types of blood vessel :Systemic Circulation

-Transports oxygenated blood and useful substancesfrom heart to all parts of the body (except lungs)

-Transports deoxygenated blood from all parts of thebody (except lungs) to heart

Pulmonary Circulation

(From heart to lungsand back to heart)

8 Constituents of blood and their functions :

Constituents of blood

Systemic Circulation

(From heart to all parts Blood

of the body except cellsPlasma

lungs and back to Transport

heart) Red White

blood cells blood cellsPlatelets

medium

Transport Protect body Helps blood

oxygen clotting

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Recipient's

blood group

Donor's blood group

O A B AB

O X X X

A X X

B X X

AB

Factors Rate of transpirationTemperature Increase increase

Air movement Increase increase

Light intensity Increase increase

Humidity Increase decrease

Component Main uses

Plasma Great loss of blood in surgery & chilbirth

Red Blood Cells Anaemia

Platelets Bone marrow failure, Leukaemia

9 The ABO System group human blood grouped into 16 Functions of the stomata :four groups called A, B, AB and O. Allow water vapour to diffuse during transpiration.

Allow the exchange of gases during photosynthesis

10 During blood transfusion, the donor's blood must be and respiration.compatible with the recipient's blood to prevent blood

agglutinate (clump together) and cause fatal blockage 17 The size of the stoma is controlled by the guard cells.

in the recipient's blood vessels.

18 Roles of transpiration :

Compatibles X Incompatibles Helps in absorption and transportation of water

and minerals in plants.

Universal Donor Supplies water for photosynthesis

People with blood group O Loses excess water

is able to donate blood to all the blood groups Maintains freshness of plant cells.

Cools the plant by evaporation during hot weather.

Universal Recipient

People with blood group AB 19 Factors that affect the rate of transpiration :

is able to receive from all the blood groups

11 Blood donation needed for treatment of accident or surgery.The donated blood (usually 450 ml /1 pint or less e.g.400 ml)

can save the live of others.

12 The donated blood can be used either as unfiltered 20 The transport system in plants consists of xylem andblood or separated into components : phloem which are found in the leaves, stems and roots

To show the transport of water through xylem

13 Donated blood is collected in sterile plastic bags thatcontain an anticoagulant to prevent clotting as well as

preservatives to keep the red blood cells alive.

14 Screening tests are performed for evidence of donorinfection with hepatitis, AIDS and others sexual

transmitted diseases.

15 Transpiration is a process of losing water (watervapour) from the plants.

Transpiration occurs through the stomata / stoma of the leaves

To show the transport of synthesised food through phloem