Teknik Pmr

GUIDED WRITING

FORMAT OF ESSAYS IN GUIDED WRITING

1. INFORMAL LETTER2. FORMAL LETTER3. REPORT4. DIALOGUE5. TALK / SPEECH6. ARTICLE 7. STORY / PICTURE SERIES8. OPINION-BASED ESSAY

• 2000 Informal letter & picture series• 2001 Giving opinion & newspaper article • 2002 Newspaper article & report for magazine• 2003 Giving opinion & description of robbery• 2004 Speech & Article• 2005 Report on National Day Celebration• 2006 Letter to uncle• 2007 Story (picture series & note expansion)• 2008 Speech – ‘Safety Measures in School’• 2009 Article experience at the old folks home• 2010 Story Based on the notes• 2011 Essay Where you would like to go• 2012 Speech – Qualities of a good student

SECTION A: GUIDED WRITING

You are invited to present a speech for the Prize Giving Day. With the help of the notes below, write out their speech entitled ‘Qualities of A Good Speaker’.

TIPS IN WRITING ESSAYS1. Understand the rubrics / task given a. Study the notes carefully. Imagine you are the

student with the good quality. Describe how you became a good quality student.

b. Write a speech 2. Use the rubrics in their given form. - Practice positive values – hardworking and responsible - Maintain good discipline – obey rules - Mix with the right peers – study groups - Spend time wisely – personal timetable

TIPS IN WRITING ESSAYS3. Use all the notes given in the question.4. Always write in paragraphs to organize your

ideas. (Main point, elaboration, examples)5. Use linkers to correlate one paragraph to the

other. E.g. To show difference - On the other hand, In

contrast, On the contrary, However, Despite, To add to point - In addition, Besides,

Furthermore, Moreover, Similarly,

TIPS IN WRITING ESSAYS6. Use the correct format a. formal / informal letter –the addresses and

signature. b. Talk / speech – title, greetings to the audience

and ends with thank you. c. Report – title and the position / signature of

the person who wrote the report at the bottom d. Article – title and formal language ~ use

mostly modal words i.e. Would like to, shall go, I have (not I got)

e. Giving opinion – must make sure to state your opinion at the beginning of the essay.

TIPS IN WRITING ESSAYS7. Always put yourself in the place of the

reader. Do you believe what the writer wrote? Would you like to finish reading the essay? Can you see in your mind what the write rote? Same? Different? Can you see in your mind the ending of the story even when you have not finished reading?

Practice positive values – hardworking and responsible

Maintain good discipline – obey rules

Mix with the right peers – study groups

Spend time wisely – personal timetable

Qualities of A Good Student

Hardworking

Focus

Reliable

Diligent

Thorough

Let's say the word given is ‘hardworking’. So, think of other words which could be related to the word ‘hardworking’. For example:

Being hardworking can only be successful if we stay focus. A lot of work can be achieved if we are diligent in the things we do. When we are hardworking, we are often seen as someone reliable and we do things very thoroughly. These positive values are practiced because these are qualities of a good student.

1. Use the new words to write sentences for your essay. For example: School holidays came again. That means, there were no school and there will be a lot of free time. Students and teachers used this precious time to relaxtheir mind. This was the time where most families planned some family activities such as going for a vacation or camping at any place of interest.

2. Use ‘Mr. How & his 5 wives’ technique ~~ This technique refers to the ‘wh-questions’ such as: where?When?Who?Why?What?How?

By using this picture, form as many questions as you can using the "wh-questions".

Where did they travel to?When did they go?Who were in the car?Why did they go there?What were the children / mother / father doing in the car?How was the weather?How was the road condition?

Sample answer to each of the above question:

Where did they travel to? They travelled to Melaka.

When did they go? They went to Melaka during the school holidays.

Who were in the car? In the car, there were his father, Encik Jamil, his mother, Puan Sara, Johan and his younger sister, Lily.

Why did they go there?They went to Melaka to attend a wedding.

What were the children / mother / father doing in the car? Encik Jamil was driving while Puan Sara listening to the radio. Johan and Lily was chatting happily with each other.

How was the weather? The weather was sunny and the sky was blue.

How was the road condition? The road was quite bumpy.

During the holidays, Johan and his family travelled to Melaka. They went to Melaka to attend a wedding. In the car, there were his father, Encik Jamil, his mother, Puan Sara, Johan and his younger sister, Lily. Encik Jamil was driving while Puan Sara was listening to the radio. Johan and Lily was chatting happily with each other. The weather was sunny and the sky was blue. The road was quite bumpy.

The paragraph will look like this:

SUMMARY

It is true that sometimes a driver drives too fast and fails to get round a corner. It is also true that sometimes accidents occur because the driver is going too fast but one must remember that there are also other causes of accidents. Accidents can occur through careless overtaking. Bad drivers overtake near corners. They overtake on hills when they cannot see ahead. They misjudge the distance between themselves and oncoming vehicles. They become impatient take risks. Some drivers also do not pay attention to what they are doing. Their lack of concentration causes many accidents. Some drivers even go to sleep at the wheel. This is quite common among lorry drivers who have to travel long distances. Overloading of vehicles is another cause of accidents. Sometimes a puncture, failure of the brakes or some other mechanical failure makes the driver lose control of his vehicle. This also causes a number of accidents. These different causes of accidents show how unfair it is always to put the blame for accidents on fast drivers.

Rewrite the causes of accidents:

~ Continuous writing~ One paragraph~ Your own words as far as possible~ Not more than 60 words including the 10 words given below

Steps to follow:A: Content points should be in phrases (not in complete sentences)B: 4 things that you must have in your summary:B1: SWS ~ Single Word SubstitutionB2: RO ~ Reorganise words / phrases B3: RP ~ Rephrase Rewrite the phrases using other words (synonyms) but making sure not changing the meaning of the phrasesB4: Linkers ~ words used to connect the phrasesC: Tabulate your content points (in phrases) and ‘process’ themD: Connect 2 content points using the suitable linkersE: Rewrite these content points in a prose

Content points should be in phrases (not in complete sentences)

Through careless overtakingBad drivers overtake near corners

Their lack of concentration

They misjudge the distance between themselves and oncoming vehiclesSome drivers also do not pay attention

Some drivers even go to sleep at the wheelOverloading of vehiclesSometimes a puncture

Sometimes some other mechanical failure

Sometimes failure of the brakes makes the driver lose control of his vehicle

B1: SWS ~ Single Word Substitution

Substituting a single word in the original text with a synonym ~ so long it does not change the meaning of the phrase.

Eg: C3 ~ They misjudge the distance between themselves and oncoming vehicles

They miscalculate the distance between themselves and oncoming vehicles

B2: RO ~ Reorganise words / phrases

Organising the phrases in the original text.

Eg: C1 ~Through careless overtaking

Through overtaking carelessly

B3: RP ~ Rephrase Rewrite the phrases using own words without changing the meaning

Eg: C1 ~They lack of concentration

They do not pay enough attention

B4: Linkers ~ words used to connect the phrases

1. Conjunctions:

2. Sequential:

3. Result:

4. General:

Conjunctions

• And• But• For• Yet,• So,

• Or• Either• Nor• Neither

Sequential• First,• Second,• Third,• At this point,• Subsequently,• Eventually

• Now,• Next, • After,• Then,• Previously,• Finally,

Results

• Therefore,• Then,• As a result,

• Ergo,• Consequently, • Hence, • Thus,

General

• Furthermore,• Moreover,• Besides,• Notwithstanding,• Meanwhile,• When,

• In the other hand,• In addition,• Even though,• At length,• In the mean time,

C: Tabulate your content points (in phrases) and ‘process’ them

Bil Raw phrases Processed phrases

C1 careless overtaking

C1 Bad drivers overtake near corners

C2 They misjudge the distance between themselves and oncoming vehicles


C3 Some drivers also do not pay attention

C3 Their lack of concentration

C4 Some drivers even go to sleep at the wheel

C4 Sleeping on the wheels is quite common among lorry drivers…


C5 Overloading of vehicles…

C6 Sometimes a puncture…

C6 Sometimes a failure of the brakes..

C6 Failure some other mechanical failure makes….……….the driver lose control of his vehicle


Bil Raw phrases Processed phrases

C1 careless overtaking overtaking carelessly,

C1 Bad drivers overtake near corners

Bad drivers overtake near corners

C2 They misjudge the distance between themselves and oncoming vehicles

They miscalculate the distance between themselves and oncoming vehicles

C3 Some drivers also do not pay attention

Some drivers also do not pay attention

C3 Their lack of concentration

They do not pay enough attention


Some drivers even go to sleep at the wheel

C4 Sleeping on the wheels is quite common among lorry drivers…

Sleeping on the wheels is quite common among lorry drivers…


C5 Overloading of vehicles…

Overloading of vehicles…

C6 Sometimes a puncture… Sometimes a puncture…

C6 Sometimes a failure of the brakes..

Sometimes a failure of the brakes..

C6 Failure some other mechanical failure makes….

Failure some other mechanical failure makes

……….the driver lose control of his vehicle


D: Connect 2 content points using the suitable linkers

C1 through overtaking carelessly,

C2 They miscalculate the distance between themselves and oncoming vehicles

Other than fast driving there are other reasons for accidents alike through overtaking carelessly , they miscalculate the distance between themselves and oncoming vehicles


C3 They do not pay enough attention


They do not pay

enough attention

hence, some

drivers even go to

sleep at the wheel


C5 Overloading of vehicles

C6 Sometimes a puncture makes the driver lose control of his vehicle

Overloading of vehicles, and sometimes a puncture makes the driver lose control of his vehicle.

E: Rewrite these content points in a prose

Other than fast driving, there are other reasons

for accidents like overtaking carelessly , they

miscalculate the distance between themselves and

oncoming vehicles. They do not pay enough

attention hence, some drivers even go to sleep at

the wheel. Overloading of vehicles and sometimes

a puncture makes the driver lose control of his

vehicle.

53 words

BIL POINTSC1 Clear breeding groundC2 Clogged drains should be clean oftenC3 Dispose your rubbish properlyC4 Flower pot plates are scrubbed and washed

regularlyC5 Change the water in your flower vases once

every two daysC6 Put larvicide into all water containers which are

uncoveredC7 Make sure the water containers are always

covered

LITERATURE COMPONENTS

• a) Why did the persona makes the sacrifices?Fight for independenceFight for freedomTo protect the country• (b) State two phrases in the poem that

indicate that the persona is disabled.i) From the wheelchairii) (for the remnants) of my crippled years

PAST YEAR QUESTION_________________ 2002 Write about a character that you think is brave. 2003 Write about an interesting incident from the novel you have learnt. 2004 Write about one of the themes you learned in the novel. 2005 Write on one of the moral values – honesty/ responsibility. 2006 Explain why you like/dislike the ending of the story.

PAST YEAR QUESTION_________________ 2007 Write about two characters who work together to obtain success. 2008 Write about an incident that you think is important.

2009 Write about friends in the story

2010 Describe a good quality you find in a character

2011 Describe an event that makes you unhappy

2012 Write on a main theme

SCENARIOS:

Normal Script 1-12

More than 1 answer 1-10

Implied answer 1-6

Other responses 1-2

USE THIS FORMULA - IJ

I - IDENTIFY WHAT THE QUESTION WANTS

J - JUSTIFY THE ELABORATION BY GIVING TEXTUAL EVIDENCE (TE) FROM THE NOVEL, TWICE!

3 MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS

IN THE RAILWAY CHILDREN

1. WHEN MOTHER FALLS ILL ( CHAPTER 3 )Mother falls ill. Peter fetches Dr Forrest. The doctor gives the children a list of food that their mother needs. Mother says they have no money to buy the things on the list. The children write a message on a white sheet for the old gentleman on the 9.15 train. It tells him to look out for something at the station. Phyllis gives the old gentleman a letter. The letter explains what happened to the children’s mother and asks the old gentleman for help to get the things on the doctor’s list. That evening, Perks delivers a large box to the children’s house. Inside the box are all the things in the list plus some extra things and a letter from the old gentleman.

2. SAVING THE TRAIN ( CHAPTER 5 ) One day, the children took a walk along the top of the hill beside the railway line. Suddenly, they heard a noise and saw half the hillside crashed down onto the railway line below. The children realised that the 11.29 a.m train was in danger. They used the girls’ red petticoat to make six flags to warn the train. The train came down the track too fast. Bobbie was afraid that it would not see them. She ran onto the line waving two flags. The train stopped just twenty metres away from Bobbie.

3. A BIRTHDAY FOR PERKS ( CHAPTER 6 )The children asked to have the cakes on Thursday. They wanted to make a birthday tea for Perks. Peter wanted to ask everybody in the village to help them give Perks a nice birthday. Not everyone was kind. Old Mrs Ransome said no one remembered her birthday so she did not want to help but many gave them all kinds of things to Perks. The next day, Bobbie and Phyllis gave Mrs. Ransome roses and a handkerchief for her birthday. On Thursday, the children went around to collect presents the people had promised. At three o’clock, the children took the presents and the pram to Perks’ house. When Perks came home and saw the pram and the presents, he was angry. He thought people would laugh at him for being poor and needing their things. Bobbie explained that the people wanted to give him the presents because they liked him. Perks calmed down. He was glad that his neighbours thought so kindly of him. The children stayed for tea.

There are a few more important events, identify them.

NOTE: You must remember the important events in the novel. This is because you need to support your answer with examples and the examples are the events. For example, the question on the character you like best. If you choose Bobbie as the character you like best because she is brave, to support your reason you need to give evidence ( or event in the novel ). The evidence in the novel can be "when she and her siblings saved the train".

Sample Questions– Write about an incident that changes the

life of a character in the story. Give evidence to support your answer.

Identify -

Justify -

Write about an incident that changes the life of a character in the story. Give evidence to support

your answer

• Identify:The incident that changes the life of a

character in the story ‘Railway Children’ is when it was Perk’s birthday.

• Justify:Mrs Ransome said that no one remembered her

birthday so she refused but many did give out gifts. The next day, Bobbie and Phyllis gave Mrs. Ransome roses and a handkerchief for her birthday. When Perks came home and saw the pram and the presents, he was angry. He thought people would laugh at him for being poor and needing their things. Bobbie explained that the people wanted to give him the presents because they liked him. Perks calmed down. He was glad that his neighbours thought so kindly of him.

The incident that changes the life of a character in the story ‘Railway Children’ is when it was Perk’s birthday. Mrs Ransome said that no one remembered her birthday so she refused but many did give out gifts. The next day, Bobbie and Phyllis gave Mrs. Ransome roses and a handkerchief for her birthday. When Perks came home and saw the pram and the presents, he was angry. He thought people would laugh at him for being poor and needing their things. Bobbie explained that the people wanted to give him the presents because they liked him. Perks calmed down. He was glad that his neighbours thought so kindly of him.

EXAM DAY• BE CALM / RECITE YOUR PRAYER• READ THE QUESTIONS CAREFULLY• UNDERSTAND YOUR TASK• HIGHLIGHT / UNDERLINE KEYWORDS• BE ALERT WITH THE TIME• UTILIZE ALL THE TIME GIVEN UNTIL THE LAST

MINUTE• FOR MCQ, TRUST YOUR FIRST ANSWER IF YOU ARE

UNSURE• CHECK FOR ERRORS

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