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Fundamentals of BME

Chapter 2

The origin of biopotentials

Credit B&W images:

All black & white fi ures from JG Webster Textbook

Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010

Edmond Zahedi

October 20101

Credit Color Figures

Bioelectromagnetism

Principles and Applications of Bioelectric and

Biomagnetic FieldsJ A A K K O M A L M I V U O

Ragnar Granit Institute


Tampere, Finland

http://www.bem.fi/book

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Round Robin Rule! Number of Slides with content = NSl

Number of Students = NSt

Each student presents 5 slides; round-robin

Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010 3

Cell membrane


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Membrane and Various

Ionic Species


Resting Potentials


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Membrane Electrical Equivalent


Subthreshold

stimulus

Steady-state


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Subthreshold

stimulus

Transient


Strength-

Duration

Chronaxy in excitable tissues (ms)Skeletal muscle

Frog (gastrocnemius)

Frog (sartorius

Turtle (leg flexors and extensors)Man (arm flexors)

Man (arm extensors)Man (thigh muscles)

Man (facial muscles)

0.2-0.30.31-20.08-0.10.16-0.30.10-0.70.24-0.7

Cardiacmuscle

Frog (ventricle)

Turtle (ventricle)

Dog (ventricle)

Man (ventricle)

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2

Smooth muscle

Frog (stomach) 100

Nerve


Frog (sciatic)Man (A fibers)

Man (vestibular)

0.30.214-22

Receptors

Man (tongue)Man (retinal rods)

Man (retinal cones)

1.4-1.81.2-1.82.1-3.0 10

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Suprathreshold Excitation


Excitation vs Inhibition


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Effect of Stimulation on

Ionic channels conductance


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Voltage Clamp


Wikipedia

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Action Potential Propagation

Unmyelinated

Myelinated


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Effect of myelinated fiber diameter

on conduction velocityc [m/s] 6d [m]


Neuron-Muscle Junction


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Volume conductor field


Volume Conductor &

Superposition (Space & Time)


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The Reflex Arc


Estimation of nerve

conduction velocity


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Electroneurogram


Reflexly evoked potentials

H reflex


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Single Motor Unit (SMU)


Effect of nerve pathology on SMU


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The Heart

Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010answers.com

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AP in the heart cells

Ventricular

Activation

Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010http://www.bem.fi/book/06/fi/0607.gif 28

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The ECG


ECG Rythms: blocks


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ECG Arrythmias


Fibrillation


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Reentrancy


opsc ence. op.org

Visualization of spiral and scroll waves in simulated and experimental cardiactissue - 2008E M Cherry and F H FentonDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USAMax Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-organization, Gttingen, Germany

Atrial

Reentrancy

Simplified atrial modelIsochrones are plotted every 1/20 of cycle length.Activation time is color coded (and also displayed inthe endocardium). White arrows : wavefrontpropagation and black arrows: circuits

Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010 34An Eikonal Approach for the Initiation of Reentrant Cardiac Propagation inReactionDiffusion Models Jacquemet, V.;IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2010

that served as boundary condition

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ECG: Ischemia


Electroretino-

gram

(ERG)

misclab.umeoce.maine.edu

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ERG

colorado.edu


Electro-oculogram (EOG)

univie.ac.at


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The brain


Neurons


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Local currents in neurons


The standard 10/20 electrode system


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EEGbands


EEG & Sleep


Characterization of sleep spindles usinghigher order statistics and spectraAkgul, T.; Mingui Sun; Sclahassi, R.J.;Cetin, A.E.;TBME 2000

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EEG: Arrythmias


EEG Sleep Patterns


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MEG

ebme.co.uk

Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010nextbigfuture.com

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Evoked Potentials

Visual Evoked Potentials

frca.co.uk


http://www.adinstruments.com

Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials

iums.ac.ir

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Intraoperative Applications of

Evoked Potentials

frca.co.uk

Somatosensory Evoked Potentials

Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010ispub.com

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Fundamentals of BME

Chapter 2

The origin of biopotentials


e n

50

Chap 2 Fbme v2

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Transcript of Chap 2 Fbme v2