Chap 01 Study Tool

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Chapter 1 Home Page Welcome!


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Chapter Objectives

Discuss the impact of information technologyon business strategy and success

Define an information system and describeits components

Use profiles and models to understandbusiness functions and operations

Explain how the Internet has affected

business strategies and relationships Identify various types of information systems

and explain who uses them


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Chapter Objectives

Explain systems development tools, including

modeling, prototyping, and CASE tools

Distinguish between structured analysis and

object-oriented methodology Describe the systems development life cycle

Discuss the role of the information

technology department and the systems

analysts who work there


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Introduction

Companies use information as a weapon in

the battle to increase productivity, deliver

quality products and services, maintain

customer loyalty, and make sound decisions. Information technology can mean the

difference between success and failure

Figure1-1


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The Impact of InformationTechnology

Information Technology

Combination of hardware and software

products and services that companies use to

manage, access, communicate, and shareinformation

A vital asset that must be used effectively,

updated constantly, and safeguarded

carefully


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The Future of IT

Responsible for half of all productivity

growth and a third of all economic growth

between 1995-1999 Online population worldwide is expected to

increase 60 percent between 2001-2004

Figure1-3more information aboutFuture of IT visitite.com/sad6e/more,ate Chapter 1 and thenFuture of IT link.
http://www.scsite.com/sad6e/morehttp://www.scsite.com/sad6e/more


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The Role of Systems Analysis and Design

Systems Analysis and Design

Step-by-step process for developing high-quality

information systems Systems Analyst

Plan, develop, and maintain information systems

Figure1-4


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Who develops Information Systems?

In-house applications

Software packages

Internet-based application services

Outsourcing

Custom solutions

Enterprise-wide software strategies

How versus What


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Figure1-5

Information System Components

A system is a set of related components that

produces specific results

A Mission-critical systemis one that is vital

to a companys operations Information systems have five key

components: hardware, software, data,

processes, and people

Figure1-7

Figure1-6 Figure1-8


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Hardware

Is the physical layer of the information

system

Moores Law


more information aboutres Law visit scsite.com6e/more, locate Chapter

nd then the Mooreslink.

Figure1-9
http://www.scsite.com/sad6e/morehttp://www.scsite.com/sad6e/morehttp://www.scsite.com/sad6e/morehttp://www.scsite.com/sad6e/more


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Software

System software

Network operating system

Application software

Enterprise applications

Horizontal system

Vertical system


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Data

Is the raw material that an information

system transforms into useful information

Tables

Linking

Figure1-10


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Processes

Define the tasks and business functions that

users, managers, and IT staff members

perform to achieve specific results People

Users, orend users, are the people who

interact with an information system, both

inside and outside the company


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Understanding The Business

Business Profile

Business Models

Business models

Business processes

BPR(business process reengineering)

Figure1-11 Figure1-12


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Understanding The Business

New Kinds of Companies

Companies are classified based on their main

activities:

Production-oriented

Service-oriented

Brick-and-mortar

Dot-com (.com)

Figure1-13


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Impact of the Internet

E-Commerce (I-Commerce)

B2C(Business-to-Consumer)

B2B(Business-to-Business)

EDI, XML, HTML

Web-Based System Development

WebSphere, Web services

Figure1-14

Figure1-15more information aboutommerce visitite.com/sad6e/more,ate Chapter 1 and thenE-commerce link.

For more information aboutXML vistscsite.com/sad6e/more,locate Chapter 1 and then theExtensible Markup Languagelink.


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How Business Uses InformationSystems

In past, IT managers divided systems into

categories based on the user group the

system served

Office systems

Operational systems

Decision support systems

Executive information systems


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Today, it makes more sense to identify a

system by its functions, rather than by users

Enterprise computing systems

Transaction processing systems

Business support systems

Knowledge management systems

User productivity systems


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Enterprise computing systems

Support company-wide operations and data

management requirements

Enterprise resource planning(ERP)

Figure1-16

more information aboutrprise Resourcening visit scsite.com/e/more, locate Chapter 1then click the Enterpriseurce Planning link.


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Transaction processing systems

Efficient because they process a set of

transaction-related commands as a group

rather than individually

Figure1-17


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Business support systems

Provide job-related information to users at

all levels of a company

Management information systems (MIS)

Radio frequency identification (RFID)

What-if

Figure1-18


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Knowledge management systems

Called expert systems

Simulate human reasoning by combining a

knowledge baseand inference rules Many use fuzzy logic

Figure1-19ore information aboutwledge Managementems visit scsite.com/

e/more, locate Chapter 1then the Knowledgeagement systems link.


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User productivity systems

Technology that improves productivity

Word processing is an example

Information systems integration

Most large companies require systems that

combine transaction processing, business

support, knowledge management, and userproductivity features


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Information System Users and TheirNeeds

A systems analyst must understand the

companys organizational model in order to

recognize who is responsible for specific

processes and decisions and to be aware ofwhat information is required by whom.

Figure1-20


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Information System Users and TheirNeeds

Top managers

Middle Managersand Knowledge Workers

Supervisorsand Team Leaders

Operational Employees


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Systems Development Tools andTechniques

Systems analysts must know how to use a

variety of techniques such as modeling,

prototyping, and computer-aided systems

engineering tools to plan, design, and

implement information systems.

Systems analysts work with these tools in a

team environment


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Modeling

Used to describe and simplify an information

system:

Business model

Requirements model

Data model

Object model

Network model

Process model


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Prototyping

Early working version of an information

system

Speeds up the development processsignificantly

Important decisions might be made too early,

before business or IT issues are thoroughly

understood

Can be an extremely valuable tool


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Computer-Aided Systems Engineering (CASE) Too

Framework for systems development and

support a wide variety of design

methodologies CASE tools


Figure1-23

more information onE tools visit scsite.com/e/more, locate Chapter 1

then the CASE Tools.


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Systems Development Methods

Structured analysis and object-oriented

analysis are both popular methodologies for

developing computer-based information

systems.

A systems analyst should understand the

alternative methodologies and their

individual strengths and weaknesses.


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Structured Analysis

Uses a set of process models to describe a

system graphically

Systems development life cycle (SDLC)

Figure1-24


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Object-oriented (O-O) analysis

O-O analysis combines data & processes

into objects

Object is a member of a class

Class is a collection of similar objects

Objects possessproperties

Methods change an objects properties

Messagesrequest specific behavior or

information from another object

Figure1-25


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Joint Application Development and Rapid

Application Development

JAD Team based fact finding

RAD compressed version of the entire

process


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Other development methodologies

Microsoft Solutions Framework (MSF)

Figure1-26ore information aboutt the scsite.com/sad6e/more,te Chapter 1 and then the.
http://www.scsite.com/sad6e/morehttp://www.scsite.com/sad6e/more


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The Systems Development Life Cycle

SDLC used to plan and manage the systems

development process

It includes the following steps:

Systems planning

Systems analysis

Systems design

Systems implementation Systems operation, security and support


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Traditionally pictured as a waterfall model,

but is also presented as an interactive model

depicting real world practice and the

constant dialog among users, managers, and

systems developers



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Systems planning

Purpose is to identify the nature and scope of

the business opportunity or problem

Systems request begins the process &describes problems or desired changes

Systems planning includes

preliminary investigation whose key part is

a feasibility study


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Systems Analysis

Purpose is to build a logical model of the

new system

First step is requirements modeling, whereyou investigate business processes and

document what the new system must do

End product is the

System requirements document


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Systems Design

Purpose is to create a blueprint that will

satisfy all documented requirements

Identify all outputs, inputs, and processes

Avoid misunderstanding through manager

and user involvement

End product is system design specification


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Systems Implementation

New system is constructed

Write, test, & document programs

File conversion occurs

Users, managers, IT staff trained to operate

and support the system

System evaluationperformed


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Systems Operation and Support

New system supports operations

Maintenance changes correct errors or meet

requirements Enhancements increase system capability

After several years of operation, systems

need extensive changes

SDLC ends with system replacement


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Systems Development Guidelines

Planning

Involve users throughout the development

process

Listening is Very Important

Create a Time Table with Major Milestones

Identify Interim Checkpoints

Remain Flexible Develop Accurate Cost and Benefit

Information


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Information Technology Department

The information technology (IT) departmentdevelops and maintains a companys

information systems.

The IT group provides technical support includes six main functions: application

development, systems support, user support,

database administration, network

administration, and Web support

Figure1-29


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Application Development

Team may include users, managers and IT

Staff members

Systems Support and Security Provides hardware and software support

User Support

Provides users with technical information,training, and productivity support


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Database Administration Database design, management, security,

backup, and user access

Network Administration

Includes hardware and softwaremaintenance, support, and security

Web Support

Design and construction of web pages and

presence. Important for e-commerce


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The Systems Analyst Position

A systems analyst investigates, analyzes,designs, develops, installs, evaluates, and

maintains a companys information systems

On large projects, the analyst works as amember of an IT department team

Smaller companies often use consultants to

perform the work


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Responsibilities

Translate business requirements into

practical IT projects to meet needs

Required Skills and Background Solid communication skills and analytic

ability

Figure1-30


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Certification

Professional credential

Career Opportunities

Job titles

Company organization

Company size

Corporate culture

Salary, location, and future growth


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Chapter Summary

IT is a combination of hardware, software,and telecommunications systems that

support business

The essential components of an informationsystem are hardware, software, data,

processes, and people

Companies are production oriented, service

oriented, or a combination of the two


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Chapter Summary

Based on their function and features,information systems are identified as

enterprise computing systems, transactional

processing or operational systems, business

support systems, knowledge management

systems, or user productivity systems

Organization structure usually includes

levels. Each level has differentresponsibilities and information needs


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Chapter Summary

Systems analyst use modeling, prototyping,and CASE tools. Modeling produces a

graphical representation of the process,

prototyping involves creation of an early

working model, and CASE tools assist in

various systems development tasks

Various development methodologies exist,

including structured analysis and object-oriented analysis


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Chapter Summary

The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)consists of five phases: systems planning,

systems analysis, systems design, systems

implementation, and systems operation and

support

An IT department develops, maintains and

operates a companys information systems


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Chapter Summary

Systems analysts need a combination oftechnical and business knowledge, analytical

ability, and communication

Systems Analysis & Design


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Systems Analysis & Design

6th Edition

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