Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2...

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Ch. 22 Ocean Currents

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Transcript of Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2...

Page 1: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

Ch. 22 Ocean Currents

Page 2: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

Ocean Currents

• Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams”

2 Major Currents:– Surface Currents– Deep Currents

Page 3: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

Surface Currents

• Move on or near the surface• Driven by winds

Factors affecting Surface Currents:1. Wind Belts2. Rotational Effects3. Location of Continents

Page 4: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

How do wind belts affect surface ocean currents?

• Energy from the movement of both the trade winds and westerlies is transferred to the surface of the ocean.

Page 5: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.
Page 6: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

What are rotational effects and how do they affect ocean surface currents?

• Coriolis effect: the twisting or deflection of the ocean’s currents due to Earth’s rotation. – creates Gyres: large circles of moving water

Page 7: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

Deep Currents

• Cold, dense currents that flow very slowly, deep beneath the surface.

Page 8: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

How do deep Currents form?

• As cold dense water of the polar regions sinks, it flows beneath warmer ocean waters towards the equators.

• Movement is causedby density differences

Page 9: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.
Page 10: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

Turbidity Currents

• A strong current caused by an underwater land slide.

Page 11: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

22.2 Ocean Waves

• Waves: periodic up and down movement of water

Page 12: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

• Wave period: time it takes for one complete wavelength to pass a given point

Wave Speed = wavelength Period

Page 13: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

Wave energy

• Waves are caused by a transfer of wind energy to the water

If there were no wind, what would happen to the waves????

So no wind = no wave energyAdd wind = more wave energy

Page 14: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

Water Movement in a Wave

• The individual water molecules themselves are moving very little!!!

Page 15: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

Wave SizeThree Factors that affect wave size:

1. Speed of wind2. Amount of time the wind blows3. Fetch: distance that the wind blows

Page 16: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

Waves and the Shore

• Breakers

• Refraction

Page 17: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

Waves and the Shore

• Undertows• Rip Currents

Page 18: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

• Longshore Currents

• Tsunamis

Page 19: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

22.3 Tides

• The daily changes in the levels of the ocean

What causes tides???The gravitional interactions between the Earth

and the Moon!!!

Page 20: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

Tidal Range

Page 21: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

Behavior of Tides

• When the earth, moon, and sun are aligned– The combined gravitational pull causes the range

in tides.

Page 22: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

• When the sun and moon are at right angles relative to the earth– The gravitational pulls do not act together and the

daily tidal range is small

Page 23: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

Tidal Variations

• Influenced by the Ocean Basin’s:– Size – Shape– Depth– Location

Page 24: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

Tidal Currents

• Flow of oceans towards and away from coasts as the tides rise and fall.– Most influential closer to coastlines

• Tidal Bore: a surge of water due to tidal currents in a long bay.

Page 25: Ch. 22 Ocean Currents. Ocean Currents Movements of the ocean’s waters in giant “streams” 2 Major Currents: – Surface Currents – Deep Currents.

The End

• Ocean Currents Activity


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