Ocean&Currents& - Weebly · Ocean&Currents& Purpose:& To&iden3fy,&describe&and&listfactors&...
Transcript of Ocean&Currents& - Weebly · Ocean&Currents& Purpose:& To&iden3fy,&describe&and&listfactors&...
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Ocean Currents Purpose:
To iden3fy, describe and list factors that control ocean currents
To explain how ocean currents affect climate in San Diego and the world
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Warm-‐up
© Imagine you are stranded on a desert island in the North Pacific Ocean. You stuff a distress “help” message in a boHle and throw it in the ocean, hoping someone in San Diego will get it.
© Is it possible someone in San Diego will find your message and send help? Explain your answer.
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Thor Heyerdahl and crew of 5
© Sailed across the South Pacific from South America in a handcraNed raN called the Kon-‐Tiki in 1947 and landed in Polynesia
© Demonstrated it is possible to travel across the ocean using ocean currents and wind
© Believed people from Peru raNed 3000 miles across the Pacific Ocean and seHled the islands of Polynesia
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Surface Currents
© Are stream like movements of water at the ocean’s surface. They are caused by the prevailing winds
© Circulate thousands of miles across en3re oceans
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Surface Currents are influenced by:
© Global winds © The Coriolis Effect © Con3nental deflec3ons
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Surface winds (purple arrows) create surface currents (red)
© The Trade Winds move currents east to west along the Equator
© The Westerlies move currents west to east in mid-‐la3tudes
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Ocean currents distribute heat throughout the depths of the
ocean
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The Coriolis Effect
© Winds, ocean currents and moving objects appear to move in curved paths as the Earth rotates beneath
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Coriolis Effect Demonstra3on: Northern Hemisphere
© Draw 2 circles © Rotate the paper
counterclockwise © Predic3on: © Draw a straight line
from a to b. Describe the result
© Draw a straight line from c to d. Describe the result
a
b
cd
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Con3nents cause surface currents to change direc3ons
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Surface currents affect climates of the world
© The Gulf Stream brings warm water from the Equator to northern Europe
© Warmer climates result in la3tudes that are similar to Canada
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© Cold water from the north is carried southward by the California Current
© The cold water current keeps the climate comfortable along the West Coast all year
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El Nino:
© is the change in the loca3on of warm and cold surface water every 2-‐7 years
© results in worldwide weather changes © causes heavy rains and mudslides in California and
droughts in other regions
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Normal weather paHerns occur when warmer water is found in the western pacific near Asia
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During El Nino, purple shows warmer water located near
America in the eastern pacific.
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Weather paHerns across the USA and the world are changed
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During El Nino years, the Trade Winds weaken and do not
move warm water across the Pacific
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Storms develop in the middle of the Pacific bringing heavy winter rain to San Diego
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During El Nino, normally wet regions experience drought
and wildfires
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Other areas, like S. California experience intense wave damage from storms
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Roads are destroyed and cliffs are eroded by waves and
flooding
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Homes are flooded. Diseases spread by contaminated water.
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Accidents and injuries are greater with stormy weather
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Dry riverbeds in Arizona flood, damaging homes in Arizona
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Saturated hills slide, crea3ng hazardous driving condi3ons
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Mudslides in on steep slopes destroy homes.
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Strong winds of El Nino knock down trees
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Ocean pier in S. California
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Buoys from San Diego’s Scripp’s Ins3tute are sta3oned in the Pacific Ocean to monitor water temperature
and El Nino events
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El Nino will be back